OBJECTIVE: To observe histopathologic changes of irradiated guinea pigs' nasal mucosa treated with intranasal corticosteroids and to study the radioprotective effect of intranasal corticosteroids. METHOD: Fifty health guinea pigs nasal parts were performed irradiation by the WDVE-6MeV linear accelerator. They had accepted 5 Gy one time per week for three weeks through X-ray irradiating to establish the animal irradiation injury model. After that, they were divided into 2 groups randomly: the control group and the administration group and each group had 25 guinea pigs. The administration group received intranasal corticosteroids on the second day after three weeks irradiation, 5 animals per one group were sacrificed randomly at 1 W, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M after administration, the histopathologic changes were observed under optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscope respectively. RESULT: Using intranasal corticosteroids after irradiation, the early inflammatory reaction of the administration group was milder than the control group. With the drug being given constantly, the recovery of epithelial cell with irradiated damage was accelerated and the coverage rate of cilia went up obviously; After four months, the coverage rate of cilia had risen to 72.9%; But, for the control group, the coverage rate of cilia is only 50.2%. The atrophy of submucosal glandular organ was lessened and they displayed some extent secretory function. The reparation was accelerated as time went by. CONCLUSION Irradiation brought about serious injury on guinea pigs' nasal mucosa. But, the injury was lessen after using intranasal corticosteroids. Intranasal corticosteroids play the role of radioprotection for the irradiated nasal mucosa.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of Pranlukast in nasal mucosal remodeling in experimental allergic rhinitis.

METHODSFourteen male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, ovalbumin (OVA) group and OVA + Pranlukast group. In the OVA group and OVA + Pranlukast group, OVA sensitized Hartley guinea pigs were exposured intranasally to OVA for a total of 12 weeks, the OVA + Pranlukast group received additional Pranlukast treatment from the second week to the 12th week. Paraffin embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS), and Masson's Trichrome (MT). Infiltrating eosinophils, the number of goblet cells in the surface epithelium and gland cells in subepithelial nasal septal mucosa were counted. The damage of epithelium in nasal septum and extracellular matrix of nasal septal mucosa and conchae were determined.

RESULTSCompared with the control, the prolonged OVA exposure protocol caused significant pathological changes in the nasal mucosa, which included eosinophils infiltration into epithelium and submucosa (106.90 +/- 13.66), significant goblet hyperplasia (22.05 +/- 5.81/mm), epithelial damage (intact epithelium: 47.25% +/- 7.67%) and deposition of extracellular matrix. These changes were significantly inhibited by Pranlukast, in which group, there were few eosinophils(8.95 +/- 2.32) , few goblet cells (5.73 +/- 1.07/mm), and relative intact epithelium (intact epithelium: 83.15% +/- 8.05%), and no significant ECM deposition.

CONCLUSIONSEarly Pranlukast intervention could inhibit nasal mucosal remodeling in allergic rhinitis.

Animals ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rhinitis ; pathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intranasal steroid on nasal mucosa in rat model of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (each included 12 rats): the intranasal steroid group(group A),the allergic rhinitis group(group B) and the normal control group(group C). AR model was reproduced by ovalbumin in group A and B. The control group was allergized by NS instead of ovalbumin. Group A was used steroid spray in nasal and Group B and C was used normal saline. Then ,after the last provocation,the allergic symptoms were evaluated,the number of eosinophil (EOS) of the rats' nasal mucosa was counted under hematoxylineosin staining and the goblet cells was counted under alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining. The morphological changes of the rats' nasal mucosa were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULT: Compared with group B,the inhibition of nasal symptoms was found after used of steroid spray in group A. The EOS and the goblet cells in group A was significantly different with that in Group B (P < 0.05), but no significant differences compared with group C (P > 0.05). Observed by scanning electron microscope, the cilia of the epithelium in group B were significantly lodging, disoriented, winding and secreting,while the cilia of the epithelium in Group A and C had similar appearance. CONCLUSION Intranasal steroid spray can relieve symptoms and inflammatory conditions of nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis, and can repair injured nasal mucosa cilia.
Androstadienes ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Cilia ; ultrastructure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and distribution of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in allergic rhinitis (AR) treated by fluticasone propionate and levocabastine. METHOD: Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into AR (n=30) and control groups (n=10). After AR models were established, the AR rats were divided evenly into F group, L group and AR control group. Three groups were treated respectively for 28 days, then the expression of AQP5 in nasal mucous membrane were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. RESULT: The distribution of AQP5 was consistent in all groups. The expression of AQP5 in F group was significantly different from L group and AR group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between that of AR group and L group (P>0.05). The expression of AQP5 in L group was significantly different from that in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION High expressions of AQP5 in rat with AR indicated the positive correlation between AQP5 and AR. AQP5 might be one of pathological factors of AR concerned with glands excessive secretion and tissue edema. Glucocorticoid can down-regulate the expression of AQP5, but H1-receptor antagonist can not reduce the expression of AQP5.
Androstadienes ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aquaporin 5 ; metabolism ; Fluticasone ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic process of the nasal mucosal remodeling, and the effect of the fluticasone propionate (FP) to remodeling, by establish animal model of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: One hundred and twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal Group A used as controls and experimental groups: Group B and C, each group had 40 rats. After the animal model were established successfully by OVA+ Al (OH)3 and disposed, then, the dynamic process of the nasal mucosal remodeling was observed, through HE staining and transmission electron microscopic section in special times. RESULT: The Group B, C nasal epithelium and cilia were not complete, eosinophil-based inflammatory cell infiltration, basement membrane thickening, collagen deposition, and a small amount of fibrosis could be found, but the structure of cells were not damaged. While those changes could not be observed in the Group A. The morphological changes of the nasal mucosa of Group B aggravated gradually under persistent allergen exposure, even stripped to the basement membrane in whole epithelial layers, cell and tissue structure were destroyed seriously. The morphological changes of nasal mucosa of Group C did not further increase, but still showed varying degrees of cilia arranged in uneven fashion, basement membrane thickening, collagen deposition and fibrous hyperplasia after treatment by FP. CONCLUSION Remodeling happens in the nasal mucosa, which would be aggravated, and even becomes irreversible if the allergen exposure continues persistently. The FP can relieve the clinical symptoms, slow down and even reverse the remodeling of AR. And it is ineffective when the changes become irreversible.
Androstadienes ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fluticasone ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between IL-4/STAT6 and allergic rhinitis by comparing expressions of IL-4 and STAT6 in normal nasal mucosa and allergic rhinitis models, to explore the influence of glucocorticoid on IL-4, and STAT6 expression, and then to elucidate further the pathogenesis of AR and the mechanism of glucocorticoid. METHOD: Forty-five guinea pigs were divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, allergic rhinitis group (AR) and glucocorticoid (Glu) group (15 each). Animals in AR and Glu groups were sensitized with egg albumin, and in NC group were treated with normal saline as control. After sensitization and reproduction of AR model, rats in AR group received no treatment, while those in Glu group were treated with glucocorticoid (50 microl/one side/time, once a day) for 5 days. The changes in behavior was examined, and pathology of nasal mucosa were observed with HE staining, and the protein expressions of IL-4 and STAT6 in the nasal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical technique. RESULT: Compared with NC group, the frequency of sneezing and nose-scratching, and the expressions of IL-4 and STAT6 were increased obviously, but the opposite findings were observed in Glu group. CONCLUSION IL-4 and STAT6 are related to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and may be the main factors for eosinophil infiltration in allergic rhinitis. Glucocorticoid may produce a therapeutic effect by intervening the expression of IL-4 and STAT6.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; metabolism ; pathology ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of glucocorticoid on tissue remodeling of nasal mucosa from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) after endoscopic surgery.

METHODSNasal mucosa obtained from 30 cases of CRSwNP during nasal endoscopic surgery were considered as preoperation group. These patients were equally divided into two groups after surgery, ie. glucocorticoid group and contrast group. Uncinate process mucosa samples from 6 patients during septoplasty were considered as normal control group. Epithelial damage and expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and collagen III were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn nasal mucosa samples of preoperation group, epithelial damage showed 90% (27/30) of stage 3 and 10% (3/30) of stage 2; TGF-beta1 positive cells and collagen III positive basement membrane with more than 20 microm were seen in 87% (26/30) and 97% (29/30) of samples, respectively. No significant difference was observed in morphology of nasal mucosa and expressions of TGF-beta1 and collagen III between glucocorticoid group and contrast group at 1th month after surgery. At 3th month after surgery, epithelial damage displayed 53% (8/15) of stage 3, 33% (5/15) of stage 2 and 14% (2/15) of stage 1 in contrast group; however, 93% (14/15) of stage 0 and 7% (1/15) of stage 1 in glucocorticoid group. The difference of epithelial damage between two groups was significant (Uc = 4.481, P < 0.05). The amount of TGF-beta1 positive cell was markedly higher in contrast group than in glucocorticoid group (t = 2.32, P < 0.05). The thickness of basement membrane was above 20 microm in 67% of contrast group (10 cases) and 27% of glucocorticoid group (4 cases); the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTissue remodeling is present in nasal mucosa of CRSwNP after endoscopic surgery. Early and appropriate administration of glucocorticoid plays an important role in inhibition of tissue remodeling and prevention of relapse. Postoperative follow-up should not be less than 3 month.

Administration, Intranasal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; pathology ; Postoperative Period ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of intranasal medication on the structure, pathology and reversibility of the nasal mucosa to provide a basis for the feasibility of intranasal route of drug administration.

METHODSNasal drops of gentamicin were placed in the nasal cavity of rabbits for 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 days. After that, the drops were stopped and drugs protecting the nasomucosa were used for one and three weeks. After being sacrificed over time, the nasomucosa of the rabbit was observed under optical and electron microscopes.

RESULTSDamage to the nasal mucosa appeared to different extents with prolonged use of nasal drops. Within 3 - 7 days of applying the drug, damages to the nasal mucosa gradually appeared, and after two and four weeks, were most serious. After stopping the drug, the nasal mucosa was gradually restored.

CONCLUSIONDamages of drugs to the nasal mucosa could be restored. The intranasal route of drug administration would be feasible and clinically applicable.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Time Factors ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of C. minima in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

METHODAn allergic rhinitis animal model induced by ragweed pollen was established. After treatment with an active extract of C. minima, histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa of guinea pig were observed by transmission electron microscope.

RESULTIn the allergeic rhinitis model group, there appear a large number of lysosomes in the nasal epithelium with organelles vacuolated and nucleus deformed. Cells in the proper lamina of connective tissue were disarranged with organelles damaged, and there was also infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in the connective tissue. However, in the treatment group receiving C. minima extract, the pathological changes mentioned above were significantly decreased.

CONCLUSIONC. minima is effective in treating allergic rhinitis.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Epithelium ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Lysosomes ; drug effects ; Male ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; drug effects ; Nasal Mucosa ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; drug therapy ; pathology

No abstract available.
Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Animals ; Biological Markers/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation/*drug effects ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhalation Exposure ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Mucosa/drug effects/pathology ; Ozone/*toxicity ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Skin/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology