OBJECTIVE: Observing the anatomic variation and measuring the bone volume of meatus and nasal cavity by analyzing the expression of paranasal sinus CT. Searching whether these variation and volume data are related to maxillary fungal ball. METHOD: Measuring the double side bone volume of middle meatus,nasal cavity and the rate of middle meatus volume in the same side of nasal cavity respectively in the normal group, the maxillary fungal ball group. Observing the anatomic variation and statistically evaluating the anatomic variation and volume of nasal cavity and nasal meatus. RESULT: In the maxillary fungal ball group, the affected side and the contralateral side volume of middle meatus,nasal cavity and the rate of middle meatus volume in the nasal cavity had no statistical difference (P>0.05); Comparing the middle meatus volume and the rate of middle meatus of the maxillary fungus ball group affected side and normal group,there was statistical difference (P<0. 05). In the maxillary fungal ball group and the normal group, the morbidity of deviation septum were 24. 24% and 33. 33%, the morbidity of OMC variation were 30. 3% and 26. 67% (P<0.05), the morbidity of nasal anatomic variation were 54. 55% and 60.00%, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Maybe there is a correlation between the enlarged bone middle meatus and the maxillary fungal ball. There is no relationship between the nasal anatomic variation and the maxillary fungal ball.
Humans ; Mycoses ; etiology ; Nasal Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; microbiology ; Nasal Septum ; Paranasal Sinuses

OBJECTIVETo study the pathologic changes in nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa caused by treponema pallidum (TP) infection.

METHODSTwenty-five cases of nasal and oropharyngeal syphilis were retrieved from the archival files of Department of Pathology of Beijing Tong Ren Hospital collected during the period from June 1996 to September 2005. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were reviewed. Histochemical study using modified Warthin-Starry stain and immunohistochemical study using polyclonal antibody for TP were carried out. The diagnosis of early syphilis was confirmed by rapid plasma regain (RPR) and TP hemagglutination (TPHA) tests.

RESULTSAmong the 25 cases studied, 20 showed neutrophil infiltration, microabscess formation and plasma cell infiltration in the lamina propria. Endothelial swelling of small blood vessels and syphilitic vasculitis was also seen. Tonsillar ulcers associated with abundant plasma cells, lymphocytes and histiocytes were noted in 14 cases. One of which demonstrated florid reactive lymphoid proliferation, with transforming lymphoid cells of various stages identified. Pseudoneoplastic squamous cell proliferation was seen in one case. Spirochetes were detected by modified Warthin-Starry stain in mucosal microabscesses and squamous epithelium in 20 cases, around small blood vessels in 5 cases, and on the surface of tonsillar ulcers in 14 cases. Abundant TP were also found in smears of exudates in 6 cases. TP antigen was detected in 4 cases by immunohistochemical staining. All the 25 cases studied were RPR (1:8 to 128) and TPHA-positive.

CONCLUSIONSEarly syphilis involving nasal cavity and oropharynx has distinctive pathologic features. Detailed histologic examination, together with modified Warthin-Starry stain for demonstration of spirochetes, is important to obtain a correct diagnosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; pathology ; Nasal Mucosa ; microbiology ; pathology ; Nose Diseases ; microbiology ; pathology ; Palatine Tonsil ; microbiology ; pathology ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; microbiology ; pathology ; Syphilis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Syphilis Serodiagnosis ; Treponema pallidum ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the specific microbial signatures in vaginal fluid. METHODS: Vaginal fluid （16 samples）, saliva （16 samples）, feces （16 samples）, semen （8 samples）, peripheral blood （8 samples）, urine （5 samples）, and nasal secretion （4 samples） were collected respectively. The 16S rRNA genes of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus iners, and Atopobium vaginae were amplified. PCR production was detected via a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. RESULTS: The detected number of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus iners, and Atopobium vaginae were 15, 5, 8, 14, and 3 in all vaginal fluid samples, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii existed specifically in vaginal fluid. CONCLUSIONS There is a potential application value to detect Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii for the identification of vaginal fluid.
Actinobacteria/classification* ; Blood/microbiology* ; Body Fluids/microbiology* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Lactobacillus/classification* ; Nasal Cavity/microbiology* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Saliva/microbiology* ; Semen/microbiology* ; Vagina/microbiology*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the homology of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains isolated from nose and skin lesions of impetigo children.

METHODSTotally 263 outpatients aged 3 months to 14 years who were seen by the Department of Dermatology of Beijing Children's Hospital between August 2005 and March 2006 were enrolled in this study. The isolations from nose and skin lesions of 58 impetigo children who were randomly selected from these 263 children with spa sequence were typed. The sequence results of SA were analyzed using special websites.

RESULTSThere were 106 impetigo patients in these 263 children. The isolation rate of SA was 78.3% in the nose of 106 impetigo patients and was 21.0% in that of the rest 157 patients (P < 0.01). The age of all nasal carriers was concentrated in 1-6 years. Among the 106 impetigo patients, 30 patients had their primary lesions on the face (including 28 cases of SA nose isolates) and 76 patients had their primary lesions on the other parts of body (including 56 cases of SA nose isolates) (P < 0.01). The spa typing showed that 26 of the 30 impetigo patients had the same type pairs of nose and skin.

CONCLUSIONSSA isolated from the skin lesions and nose of impetigo patients has remarkably homology. Nasal carriage of SA may be closely relevant with the occurrence of impetigo.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Impetigo ; microbiology ; Infant ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; Sequence Homology ; Skin ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the findings of computed tomography (CT) as objective markers of bone remodeling in rabbit models with chronic rhinosinusitis.

METHODSForty-eight rabbit models were established by vaccination of staphylococcus aureus. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to the time of infection: group A, B and C (4, 8, 12 weeks after infection), 16 rabbits in each group. Each group was subdivided into the medication administration team and the control team, 8 rabbits in each team. All the rabbits were examined by CT before vaccination to rule out the disease of nasal cavity and sinuses, and the CT images were used as the negative control. No interference was given to the control teams which were only examined again by CT when reached the end week. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate were administered to the medication administration teams 2 weeks before the end of experiment, and were examined by CT at the end. The images of both horizontal position and coronal position by reconstruction were obtained. The Hounsfield unit (Hu) of the bone which was the thickest position in each image were measured. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. The Hu was analyzed statistically to compare the situation of the bone remodeling in different periods and administration in the rabbit models with CRS.

RESULTSAverage Hu (x±s) of normal rabbits was 810.0±99.7, average Hu at the end time: control team in group A was 964.0±84.6, medication administration team in group A was 833.0±92.5; control team in group B was 987.0±91.5, medication administration team in group B was 886.0±91.6; control team in group C was 1086.0±74.0, medication administration team in group C was 899.8±76.5. The Hu in all groups were higher than normal (t value were 2.747, 4.513 and 7.350 respectively, all P<0.05). No statistical difference was found between control teams of group A and B (t=0.423, P=0.667). The Hu in control team of group C was higher than group B (t=3.905, P=0.001); There was no statistical difference between medication administration teams of group A and B (t=0.892, P=0.384), and group B and C (t=0.886, P=0.385). The Hu of all medication administration teams in 3 groups were lower than all the control teams (t value were 2.717, 3.687, 8.379 respectively, all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBone remodeling was found in rabbit models with rhinosinusitis, and the phenomenon was more obvious if the period was lengthened. The Hu could reflect the degree of bone remodelling. Glucocorticoids could depress the bone remodeling in the rabbit models with rhinosinusitis.

Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Disease Models, Animal ; Nasal Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Nasal Cavity ; Rabbits ; Sinusitis ; diagnostic imaging ; microbiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We assessed the reporting times for identification of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in 2011 in a university-affiliated hospital using surveillance cultures incubated for 1 and 2 days with ChromID MRSA (bioMerieux, France). Of 2,732 nasal swabs tested, MRSA was detected in 829 (85.6%) and 140 (14.4%) swabs after 1 and 2 days of incubation, respectively, and the median reporting times for positive specimens were 33.7 hr (range, 18.2-156.9 hr) and 108.1 hr (range, 69.8-181.0 hr), respectively. Detection rate after 1-day incubation was 85%. Additional 1-day incubation improved detection rate; however, it prolonged the reporting times of positive specimens approximately up to 4 days because of the need for confirmatory tests such as species identification and susceptibility tests. Following a 2-day culture with ChromID MRSA, rapid confirmatory tests are warranted to reduce delay in identifying MRSA carriers.
Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*isolation & purification ; Nasal Cavity/microbiology ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Staphylococcal Infections/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the bacteriological character and pH value in nasal cavity and observe the efficacy following 8 week treatment with Budesonide aqueous nasal spray in chronic nonallergic rhinitis.

METHODSForty-two patients with chronic nonallergic rhinitis were treated with Budesonide aqueous nasal spray (256 microg once daily intranasal) for 8 weeks. Bacteriological character was measured before and 8 weeks after treatment All the swab specimens were obtained from the inferior meatus, bacteriologic outcome was determined by general cultures. Nasal pH value was measured by using a probe sited under the inferior turbinate before and after treatment. Efficacy was evaluated by measurement of nasal symptom scores and sign scores before and 8 weeks after treatment.

RESULTSThe bacterial growth was present in 37 of 42 cases (88%) before the treatment (group 1), including 53 aerobic bacteria. The bacterial growth was present in 38 of 42 cases (90.47%) 8 weeks after treatment (group 2), including 46 aerobic bacteria. There was no significant difference in the bacterial distribution between group 1 and group 2 (chi2 = 0.416, P > 0.05). Budesonide aqueous nasal spray reduced pH value from 7.90 +/- 0.39 to 7.70 +/- 0.23 (t = 2.72, P < 0.05). All the parameters of symptoms were improved after treatment, including nasal obstruction, nasal secretions, itchy feeling of the nose, closed rhinolalia and headache.

CONCLUSIONSGlucocorticoid aqueous nasal spray could be used safely for eight weeks and does not increase the risk of aerobes and fungi infection and reduce the pH in chronic nonallergic rhinitis. It is effective in relieving symptoms of patients with chronic nonallergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal ; Adult ; Aged ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; Rhinitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; physiopathology

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Face ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium avium Complex ; isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; Nose Diseases ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relation between the epidemiological strains of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the strains isolated from the nasal fossa of the medical staff and inpatients.

METHODSThe MRSA strains were isolated from the nasal fossa of the medical staff and inpatients in the Department of Neurosurgery. The genes of the isolated strains were amplified by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay.

RESULTSThree and 12 MRSA strains were isolated from the nasal fossa of the medical staff and patients who were hospitalized for more than 1 week, respectively, and RAPD assay revealed high homology between the isolated strains.

CONCLUSIONCross infection can be present between the medical staff, inpatients, and the infected patients.

China ; epidemiology ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient ; Inpatients ; Medical Staff ; Methicillin Resistance ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacterial characteristics of persistent rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHOD: Twenty patients with nasal septum deviation, 30 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and 20 patients with persistent rhinosinusitis, were selected to take discharges from middle meatus during the operation. Bacteria culture and drug susceptibility of the discharges were compared between three groups. RESULT: There were 13, 15 and 15 isolates detected in nasal septum deviation group, CRS group and persistent rhinosinusitis group. There was no significant difference among the three groups at the detection rate of Gram-positive bacteria. But there was significant difference between the persistent rhinosinusitis group and the other two groups at the detection rate of Gram-negative bacteria. The detection rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria were significantly higher in persistent rhinosinusitis group than in CRS group. CONCLUSION Aerobic bacteria can live in nasal cavity. Bacteria infection is one of the etiological factors of persistent rhinosinusitis after FESS. Gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic resistant bacteria are increased in patients with persistent rhinosinusitis. To treat the persistent rhinosinusitis after surgery, the antibiotics should be reasonably used according to the bacteria culture and the drug susceptibility.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections ; microbiology ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; Postoperative Period ; Sinusitis ; microbiology ; surgery ; Young Adult