No abstract available.
Narcolepsy*

No abstract available.
Narcolepsy*

Narcolepsy is a serious, lifelong, disabling disorder characterized by a tetrad of symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucination, and sleep paralysis. We experienced a 14 year old boy with a narcolepsy diagnosed by typical clinical symptoms above mentioned and multiple sleep latency test. A brief review of the related literatures was also made.
Adolescent ; Cataplexy ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Male ; Narcolepsy* ; Sleep Paralysis

Humans ; Cataplexy/drug therapy* ; Sleep, REM ; Dopamine ; Narcolepsy/drug therapy*

A 5-year-old, castrated male, Maltese was presented with history of acute flaccid paralysis. The dog was presented with sudden loss of muscle tone and involuntary movements of hind limbs. Neurologic examination revealed reduced postural reaction in the bilateral hind limbs. MRI of brain showed moderate hydrocephalus, but other examination results were normal. Based on the characteristic episodes and examination results, canine cataplexy was suspected. Treatment was initiated with clomipramine as cataplexy control. Clinical signs resolved with 3-month medication. This case demonstrates therapeutic diagnosis of cataplexy. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of cataplexy treating with clomipramine.
Animals ; Brain ; Cataplexy ; Clomipramine ; Dogs ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Male ; Muscles ; Narcolepsy ; Neurologic Examination ; Paralysis

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) is associated with hypocretin deficiency, and is thought to be an autoimmunity condition. The mean age at onset is estimated to be in the early 20s. Recent papers have addressed the response to immunotherapies in NC, with challenging results. We report a case of late-onset NC in a patient who did not benefit from early intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. This is the first reported attempt at using IVIg to treat an NC patient in Korea.
Autoimmunity ; Cataplexy ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Immunotherapy ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Korea ; Narcolepsy ; Neuropeptides ; Orexins

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations and disrupted nocturnal sleep. We report a patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who was subsequently diagnosed as narcolepsy. A case of a 22-year-old woman with concomitant narcolepsy and psychotic symptoms was discussed from a perspective of the diagnosis and therapeutic challenges, particularly on pharmacological treatment dealing with issues raised by their coexistence.
Cataplexy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Narcolepsy ; Schizophrenia ; Sleep Paralysis ; Young Adult

Childhood narcolepsy is one of the underdiagnosed diseases even the first symptoms often appear in childhood. Making diagnosis through history taking is not always easy because the symptoms of childhood narcolepsy are different from those of adulthood. Diagnostic laboratory tests such as sleep studies, tests for human leukocyte antigens, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement should be considered when the child has excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy. Treatment approach should be start as early as possible to avoid secondary academic, emotional difficulties. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, and close cooperation between parents and school teachers should be maintained. In the near future, childhood narcolepsy can be a key to understand the pathogenesis of narcolepsy.
Cataplexy ; Child ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Narcolepsy ; Neuropeptides ; Parents ; Orexins

INTRODUCTION: Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are key features of narcolepsy. Modafinil is psychostimulant used in the treatment of narcolepsy. In this study, we evaluated effects of modafinil on nocturnal sleep structure and sleep latency in multiple sleep latency test and clinical features. METHODS: Twelve narcoleptic patients (7 male, age: 22.9 +/- 2.6 yrs) were participated in the study. All of them had done nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), clinical symptoms scales and have repeated same procedure after taking 200 mg of modafinil. We have done linear mixed model analysis to describe effects of group, medication and nap time on these measures. RESULTS: Modafinil did not affect clinical scales except PSQI which had been reduced after medication. In this study, Modafinil reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency and increased wake after sleep onset and percent of arousal during sleep in nocturnal polysomnography and prolonged mean sleep latency in multiple sleep latency tests in both group. DISCUSSION: Modafinil has stimulant effect of central nervous system but its effect on night sleep is less than other psychostimulants such as methylphenidate. We ascertained that modafinil affected total sleep time, sleep efficiency and percent of wake during sleep but did not effect on sleep structure. Modafinil was effective in the management of day time sleepiness. Modafinil can enhance alertness of control group without day time sleepiness.
Arousal ; Cataplexy ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; Male ; Methylphenidate ; Narcolepsy* ; Polysomnography ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination. As there have been few researches on narcolepsy symptomatology in adolescents, we examined gender differences and prevalence of narcolepsy tetrad among students attending high school. METHODS: Total 20, 407 subjects, ages 14-19 years filled out Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS). Subjects whose UNS scores were equal to or more than 14 were interviewed by telephone using semi-structured questionnaire. Variables included questions to evaluate tetrad of narcolepsy. RESULTS: UNS scores were higher in female than male (11.1+/-5.2 vs. 9.6+/-4.5, p< 0.001). Subjects scoring the UNS equal to or more than 14 were 4, 535 (22.2% of all the participants), more frequently observed in female than in male (p< 0.001). Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy-like symptoms, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination in subjects of UNS > or = 14 were significantly higher in female subjects than male ones. However, no significant gender difference was observed in the frequencies of severe sleep attack and cataplexy-like symptoms. Sleep paralysis was most frequently reported during sleep. There was significant correlation between sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination (r=0.235, p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were that female adolescents complained more frequently narcolepsy symptoms than male subjects. Female adolescents might be more sensitive than male ones to physical complaints such as sleepiness or muscle weakness.
Adolescent* ; Cataplexy ; Female ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Weakness ; Narcolepsy* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Paralysis ; Telephone ; United Nations