Streptomyces aureofaciens DM-1 is a high-yielding 6-demethylchlortetracycline producer. The genome sequencing of DM-1 reveals a linear chromosome containing 6 824 334 bps nucleotides with GC content of 72.6%. In this genome, a total of 6 431 open reading frames were predicted by using glimmer 3.02, Genemark and Z-Curve softwares. Twenty-eight secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were uncovered by using AntiSMASH gene prediction software, including the complete 6-demethylchlortetracycline biosynthetic gene cluster. A frame-shift mutation in methyltransferase coding region was detected, which may result in the demethylation of chlortetracycline. The complete genome sequence of S. aureofaciens DM-1 provides basic information for functional genomics studies and selection of high-yielding strains for 6-demethylchlortetracycline.
Base Sequence ; Chlortetracycline ; Demeclocycline ; Multigene Family/genetics* ; Streptomyces aureofaciens/genetics*

Clinical observations were made on 251 cases of pyodermas at the Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook University Hospital from 1968 to 1972. Especially noteworthy is the application of josamycin to 41 cases of pyodermas to observe its therapeutic effects. Since 1968, the frequency of pyodermas has shown an annual increase. The ratio between male and female was 1. 4: 1, gradually changing from 2. 3: 1 in 1968 to an almost balanced incidence in 1972. The age of onset. differed with types of disease, but 76. 2% of all cases occurred before the age of 15. The outbreaks of impetigo bullosa and impetigo vulgaris were found to be affected by season, the highest prevalence being in summer. Seasonal occurrence of all cases was found to be 45.5% in summer and 24. 3% in fall with no noticeable change ohserved in spring and winter. Predilection sites of the disease differed according to the type of the disease but all types showed a marked predilection for the exposed areas as against the covered areas (4 times). Sensitivity of causative organisms to antibiotics was found to be fairly high to cloxacillin, novobiocin and ampicillin, and relative to kanamycin, streptomycin and doxycycline but all tested cases showed resistance to tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline. Josamycin was effective in all types of pyodermas, and was dramtical]y so in impetigo bullosa of which pustules disappeared within 3 or 5 days of treatment. Two out of 41 cases complained of abdominal pain and weakness. The sensitivity of the causative organisms of all types of pyodermas to josamycin was 83. 3%.
Abdominal Pain ; Age of Onset ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chlortetracycline ; Cloxacillin ; Dermatology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Doxycycline ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Incidence ; Josamycin ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Novobiocin ; Oxytetracycline ; Prevalence ; Pyoderma* ; Seasons ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline

Despite the high prevalence of benign hepatic cysts, they rarely exhibit symptoms. Radiologic studies such as ultrasonography or computed tomography disclose these cysts incidentally. Occasionally, large cysts may compress organs next to them, resulting in accompanying symptoms in patients. Recently, some reports have shown that treatment with minocycline chloride instillation into the cyst, after aspiration of cystic fluid, produces good results. First, we instilled doxycycline into the cyst after aspiration of the cyst with a resultant decrease in size. We aspirated 25% of the cyst followed by instillation of minocycline chloride (200 mg in 10 ml of 2% lidocaine) into the recurrent cyst which became larger 45 days later. In the other case we succeeded in making the cyst decrease in 4 months with no recurrence by an instillation of minocycline chloride (500 mg in 10 ml of 2% lidocaine) following aspiration of 25% of the cyst. We report, with references, both cases in which we have succeeded.
Doxycycline ; Humans ; Minocycline* ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography

AML relapsing as ALL has rarely been reported. We describe the case of a 62-yr-old man who was diagnosed with erythroleukemia with a complex karyotype and achieved complete hematologic and cytogenetic remission after induction chemotherapy. However, 4 months after the initial diagnosis, he showed relapse with blasts showing a different morphology and immunophenotype and was diagnosed with precursor B-cell ALL. The relapsing precursor B-cell ALL presented with the same leukemic clones as the primary erythroleukemia. Cytogenetic analysis of his bone marrow (BM) at the time of the primary erythroleukemia showed complex karyotypic abnormalities, including monosomy 5 and monosomy 7. At relapse, his BM showed reemergence of these leukemic clones of complex karyotypic abnormalities with clonal switch. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a lineage switch from erythroleukemia to ALL.
Acute Disease ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Cytarabine/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monosomy ; Naphthacenes/therapeutic use ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*diagnosis/pathology ; Recurrence

The crude extracts of the fermentation broth from a marine sediment-derived actinomycete strain, Saccharothrix sp. 10-10, showed significant antibacterial activities against drug-resistant pathogens. A genome-mining PCR-based experiment targeting the genes encoding key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites indicated that the strain 10-10 showed the potential to produce tetracenomycin-like compounds. Further chemical investigation of the cultures of this strain led to the identification of two antibiotics, including a tetracenomycin (Tcm) analogs, Tcm X (1), and a tomaymycin derivative, oxotomaymycin (2). Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and MS spectra. Tcm X (1) showed moderate antibacterial activities against a number of drug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) pathogens, with the MIC values in the range of 32-64 microg x mL(-1). In addition, 1 also displayed significant cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines, including HL60 (leukemia), HepG2 (liver), and MCF-7 (breast) with the IC 50 values of 5.1, 9.7 and 18.0 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Guided by the PCR-based gene sequence analysis, Tcm X (1) and oxotomaymycin (2) were identified from the genus of Saccharothrix and their 13C NMR data were correctly assigned on the basis of 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis for the first time.
Actinomycetales ; chemistry ; genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Data Mining ; methods ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enterococcus faecalis ; drug effects ; Fermentation ; Genomics ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Marine Biology ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Naphthacenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; drug effects

No abstract available.
Minocycline

A case of familial benign chronic pemphigus in 28 year old male is described which is the first case reported in Korea, and the literature is reviewed The grandmothcr had similar symptoms and the 52 years old father has suffered from the same trouble since puberty The patient's lesions were vesieular, pustular, and crusted patches with erosions which have been persistent since 12 years of age, mainly affecting lateral and posterior sides of the neck, axillary and inguinal regions, lower abdomen, and popliteal fossae symmetrically. Moderate itching was associated with the lesions, which were worse in summer and better in winter. Staphylococcus aureus and p-hemolytic streptococcus were cultured from the lesions and found to be sensitive to aureomycin, terramycin and erythromycin. Biopsy findings showed hyperkeratosis, irregular acanthosis, multilocular suprabasal clefts or bullae with extensive acantholysis. villi formation was also noted. Dyskeratotic changes were present but no mitosis was seen. Local application of 1% hydrocortisone ointment gave temporary improvement but no effect was noted with systemic prednisolone, aureomycin, sulfadrugs, and vitamin A & D, or local treatment with antibiotic ointments.
Abdomen ; Acantholysis ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Chlortetracycline ; Erythromycin ; Fathers ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitosis ; Neck ; Ointments ; Oxytetracycline ; Pemphigus, Benign Familial* ; Prednisolone ; Pruritus ; Puberty ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus ; Vitamin A

BACKGROUND: Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis(CRP), the least common of the cutaneous papillomatoses, is manifested by persistent papules that are confluent in center and reticulated at the periphery. Recently, many cases of CRP treated with minocycline have been reported. METHODS: Thirteen patients with CRP were included in this study. They were treated with various antibiotics, such as erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. The patients have taken antibiotics twice a day for 4 weeks. They were followed-up at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment. We assessed about therapeutic effects, side effects, and recurrence, by phone 1 year after treatment. RESULTS: Of the total 13 patients, 9 patients had improved by more than 95% in response to various antibiotics therapy for 4 months. One patient had a mild adverse reaction and two patients symptoms recurred after 1 year follow-up. CONCLUSION: We recommended various antibiotics therapy as the first choice of treatment for CRP because those were safe, economic, and effective.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Doxycycline ; Erythromycin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Minocycline ; Papilloma* ; Recurrence ; Tetracycline

No abstract available.
Doxycycline*

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is increasingly recognized as a common and an important pathogen in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and pneumonia, particularly in school-age children and young adults. To determine the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of M. pneumoniae at the main hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, we studied 552 respiratory samples from patients diagnosed with different clinical diagnosis. The isolation, identification, enumeration and antibiotic resistance test for M. pneumoniae were performed using Pneumofast kit. There were 194 patients (35.1%) with current M. pneumoniae infection, mostly among younger age groups, with pneumonia the most common underlying clinical condition. All tested isolates were susceptible to four antibiotics included in the Pneumofast kit, doxycycline, minocycline, ciprofloxacine and erythromycin. The findings suggest that M. pneumonia infection in Saudi Arabia is more common among younger age groups, and pneumonia is the most common underlying clinical condition among patients with M. pneumoniae infection, that cannot be distinguished from other respiratory infections on the basis of clinical and radiographic diagnosis alone.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Ciprofloxacin ; Doxycycline ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Minocycline ; Mycoplasma ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Saudi Arabia ; Young Adult