Ginseng powder was dissolved in the warm water to develop bath salt that contained Ginseng powder (250mg: 1% Ginseng powder, 500mg: 2% Ginseng powder) and it made comparative study of the effects with the tap warm water for seven healthy adults (male 3, female 4, 20.7±0.8 years old). The Ginseng powder of 250mg and 500mg was made so that the bath salt of 25g may become 1% and 2%. The whole body immersion of 15 minutes was done to all subjects under the condition that 1% or 2% cannot be distinguished without tap water bathing.
As a result, the warm water with Ginseng powder increased in the changes of the deep thermometer in front of chest between immersion and after bathing, compared with the tap warm water. But there were not significant change of the surface skin temperature on the arm and the tissue blood flow on thigh skin.
Therefore, the warm water with Ginseng powder was suspected that the thermo effects and the retaining warmth were good compared with the tap warm water.
It seemed that it was possible to use it safely as bath salt for it did not change of the blood pressure, the heart rate, and abnormality of the skin without the case to whom the skin had temporarily flushed, was not additionally recognized.

This study was carried out to investigate the relationships among the agriculturalworking days, nutrients intake and complications of hypertension in 266 male subjects in a ruralarea. The main findings are as follows.
1. Salt and carbohydrate intake and cereal energy level were higher in the farming group, who engaged in agricultural work for 300 days or over in a year, than in the non-faming group.
2. The hypertensive group with abnormal ECG or fundscopic findings showed a lower protein energy ratio, fat energy ratio and animal protein ratio than the non-hypertensive group with normal ECG and fundscopic findings.
3. The serum total cholesterol level of the farming group was lower than that of the non-farming group. The hypertensive group with abnormal ECG or fundscopic findings showed lower serum total cholesterol level than non-hypertensive group with normal ECG and fundscopic findings.
These results suggest that the complications of hypertension, such as abnormal ECG or funds-copic findings, are aggravated by the dietary habits of the farming group.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to clarify factors related to recognition of the possibility of end-of-life care at home (hereafter referred to as end-of-life care) among middle-aged and elderly people living in heavy snowfall and depopulated areas.Methods: Residents aged 40~69 years in town B, prefecture A were surveyed by mail using a self-administered, unmarked questionnaire. Analysis methods were: (1) a reliability analysis of survey items, (2) basic statistics, (3) tests for differences in composition ratios, (4) tests of differences between the two groups for each item, and (5) binomial logistic regression analysis. Recognition of the possibility of end-of-life care was used as the objective variable, and sex, age, and 18 indicators significant in (3) and (4) were used as explanatory variables.Results: There were 63 in the positive group for end-of-life care, 239 in the negative group, and 120 in the unknown group (Response rate: 44.1%). Factors related to perception of the possibility of end-of-life care were positively related to "existence of a community hospital, " "positive image of end-of-life care, " and "trust in people in the community. "Conclusion: In depopulated areas, it is necessary to consider specific measures to promote the three factors that raise awareness of the possibility of end-of-life care.

The aims of this study were to clarify difficulties experienced by families facing the cessation of home-based care for terminal cancer patients, and to review the associated necessary nursing practices. We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten families. A qualitative research design was selected for this study, and the data was interpreted using content analysis techniques. The results were integrated into seven major categories: “unable to assess present symptoms for lack of understanding terminal cancer symptoms,” “feeling emotional pain during the patient’s aggravated condition,” “difficulties in coping with various patients’ physical symptoms: problems regarding inexperienced care,” “exhausted by living 24 hours a day with patient: lack of support, because of constraints from important people in the caregiver’s life,” and “difficulties faced by primary family caregivers in preparing a treatment environment.” Family caregivers were not able to prepare a treatment environment, because of a lack of understanding the symptoms of terminal cancer and an unwillingness to admit experiencing mental and physical burdens. The findings of this study suggested that the role of a nurse is to understand the family’s condition and values, provide required information in advance, and to adjust and prepare the treatment environment.

Delirium occurs in 30-40% of patients with terminal cancer, and 90% of patients are delirious immediately before death. Symptoms such as agitation and hallucination are often refractory to the standard pharmacological therapy. Also, the medication options for delirium in terminally ill patients are often limited due to a difficulty in swallowing or a lack of intravenous access. We herein report a case series of six patients with terminal cancer whose derilium symptoms were treated by asenapine sublingual tablets during the intervention period by the palliative care team. Asenapine was selected when other antipsychotics were ineffective or unavailable for agitation caused by delirium. All patients suffered dyspnea or choking sensations due to dysphagia or respiratory dysfunction. Sedative effect was observed among all patients without apparent adverse events. Sublingual asenapine could be an option for the management of restlessness due to terminal delirium when both oral and intravenous drug administration routes are not available.