Objective : With clinical application in mind, we developed a method to measure the movement of a selected joint three-dimensionally as a conic domain (joint sinus cone). The method was applied to shoulder joint motion during daily living activities exercises in a group of hemiparetic poststroke patients. The results were compared to the exercise range of physically unimpaired persons. Methods : The subjects dressed in jackets and performed certain other tasks in a sitting position and the range of motion of the shoulder joint in three dimensions was measured using a 6-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system. Measurement results were analyzed with a plane display using a Lambert Azimuthal equal area. Results : This method was able to determine findings difficult to see with the naked eye, such as the narrow range of motion in a paralyzed shoulder joint and poor functionality also in the contralateral shoulder. Conclusion : The dressing measurement was achieved using magnetic measurement equipment. By displaying the results through a map projection it was possible to appreciate the whole range of the motion. Because this method facilitates the expression of complex joint exercise ranges, it will be useful in the analysis of daily behavior restrictions due to impairment.

A questionnaire survey of risk management systems for medical products was conducted with the cooperation of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies. As for the foreign companies, it was revealed that specialized safety management teams and data-management committees are established to formulate risk management plans in order to create systems that assure consistent risk management for each company. In addition, it was revealed that toxicologists are incorporated in the central decision making organization. As for domestic companies, it turned out that no less than half of the respondents pay attention to consistent risk management from the development stage through the post marketing stage. From now on, it will be essential to consolidate safety data, improve the accessibility of centralized safety data from the relevant departments, and establish systems to provide consistent risk management from the development stage to the post marketing stage.

A 32-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea on exertion and a prolonged common cold. Swelling of mediastinal lymph nodes, pericardial thickening and pleural effusion were detected by chest CT. Mycobacterial culture of sputa and pleural effusion were negative. Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was normal. A tuberculin test showed a positive reaction (20×15mm). Viral antibody titers (Coxsackie A9, echo 3, influenza B) were negative. Ten days after admission, the patient had pyrexia and low cardiac output symptoms. Right ventricular pressure curve cardiac catherterization showed a“dip and plateau”pattern which indicated constrictive pericarditis. We performed subtotal pericardiectomy (from the right phrenic nerve to the left phrenic nerve). Pathological examination of pericardium showed Langerhans' giant cell infiltration and caseous necrosis which could be diagnosed as tuberculosis. Although the patient had transient pleural effusion, symptoms disappeared postoperatively. At present there are no signs of recurrent infection.

A 40-year-old man was admitted because of prolonged fever after extraction of teeth. Infective endocarditis, congestive heart failure and hepatorenal failure were diagnosed in a series of examinations. Electrocardiograms showed complete atrio-ventricular block and QT prolongation. After continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) and high doses of antimicrobials promptly initiated for the treatment of multiple organ failure, the aortic valve with regurgitation and vegetation was replaced with an artificial valve. Serious arrhythmias occurred after the operation, which disappeared by the administration of antiarrhythmic agents. In cases of infective endocarditis with multiple organ failure, preoperative intensive treatment such as CHDF in combination with high doses of antimicrobials and surgical intervention represent a good strategy for successful outcome.

A 31-year-old man underwent mitral valve replacement because of mitral regurgitation due to continued active infective endocarditis despite antibiotic therapy. Because cerebral mycotic aneurysm was suggested by preoperative IVDSA (Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography), cerebral angiography was performed on the first postoperative day. Cerebral mycotic aneurysm was detected in the middle cerebral artery and emergency aneurysm trapping was successfully performed. Although the patient had no neurologic deficit and postoperative cardiac function was stable, impending rupture of the mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery occurred suddenly on the twelfth postoperative day. Endovascular treatment using the coil-embolization technique was immediately performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) poses a major complicating factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. To identify patients with IHD, we evaluated patients scheduled to undergo AAA repair with dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy (DTS) and coronary angiography (CAG). If indicated, coronary revascularization was performed. Finally, an assessment of the effectiveness of these preventive measures was made. One hundred and ten patients scheduled to undergo AAA repair were identified and treated accordingly over a 20-year period. As the pre-operative evaluation and prophylactic surgical revascularization strategies were instituted in 1983, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 25 patients between 1973-1982 (group A) and 85 patients between 1983-1992 (group B). The mean age of patients in group A was 65.3 years. The male/female ratio within this group was 21:4. One patient in the group had a history of IHD and 9 had hypertention. The mean age of patients in group B was 67.7 years. The male/female ratio within this group was 77:8. Fourteen patients in this group had a history of IHD and 27 had hypertension. Screening and treatment of IHD in group B was as follows. All patients with a history of IHD underwent CAG. Of the 32 patients with cardiac risk factors, including hypertension and hyperlipidemia, or ECG abnormalities who underwent DTS, 8 were referred for CAG. Thirty-nine patients with no risk factors and a normal ECG proceeded to AAA repair without further workup. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 2 patients in grouzp A, leading to death in 1 patient. Coronary revascularization was performed in 5 patients in group B. No perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in this group. Pre-operative identification of high-risk cases with DTS, CAG, and coronary revascularization in patients with IHD may prevent cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing AAA repair.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective comparative study. PURPOSE: To compare the incidence and severity of adverse reactions associated with myelography performed in outpatients vs. in inpatients and report the safety and usefulness of outpatient myelography in Japanese patients. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Myelography is normally performed as an inpatient procedure in most hospitals in Japan. No studies have reported the usefulness and adverse effects of outpatient myelography in Japanese patients. METHODS: We performed 221 myelography procedures. Eighty-five of the 221 patients underwent outpatient myelography using our new protocol. The incidence and severity of adverse reactions were compared with the other 136 patients, who underwent conventional inpatient myelography. We further compared the cost of outpatient and inpatient myelography. RESULTS: The overall rate of adverse effects was 9.4% in outpatients, as compared with 7.4% in inpatients. Overall, 1.2% of outpatients and 0.74% inpatients experienced "severe" adverse effects (requiring hospitalization). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in either the overall rate of adverse effects or the rate of "severe" adverse effects. Moreover, the average outpatient procedure cost was only one-third to one-half that of the inpatient procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study to address the safety and usefulness of outpatient myelography in Japanese patients. If selected according to proper inclusion criteria for outpatient procedure, no significant differences were observed in the adverse effects between inpatients and outpatients. The outpatient procedure is more economical and has the added benefit of being more convenient and time-efficient for the patient.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients* ; Japan* ; Myelography* ; Outpatients* ; Prospective Studies*

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (T-OLF) is a relatively rare spinal disorder that generally requires surgical intervention, due to its progressive nature and the poor response to conservative therapy. The prevalence of OLF has been reported at 3.8%-26%, which is similar to that of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The progression of OPLL after cervical laminoplasty for the treatment of OPLL is often shown in long-term follow-up. However, there have been no reports on the progression of OLF following surgery. We report a case of thoracic myelopathy secondary to the progressive relapse of OLF following laminectomy.
Follow-Up Studies ; Laminectomy ; Ligamentum Flavum* ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Prevalence ; Recurrence* ; Spinal Cord Diseases

We investigated the possible association between genetic polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor and serotonin transporter genes and the responses of schizophrenic patients treated with either risperidone or perospirone. The subjects comprised 27 patients with schizophrenia who were clinically evaluated both before and after treatment. The genotyping of the polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) (rs1801028 and rs6277), the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) (120-bp tandem repeats and rs1800955), and serotonin transporter gene (5HTT)(variable number of tandem repeats; VNTR) were performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In DRD2 and 5HTT-VNTR, there were no significant correlations between clinical response and polymorphism in the case of risperidone, and for perospirone treatment it was impossible to analyze the clinical evaluation due to the absence of genotype information. On the other hand, in DRD4 there were significant correlations in the two-factor interaction effect on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) between the two drugs [120-bp tandem repeat, p=0.003; rs1800955, p=0.043]. Although the small sample represents a serious limitation, these results suggest that variants in DRD4 are a predictor of whether treatment will be more effective with risperidone or with perospirone in individual patients.
Genotype ; Hand ; Humans ; Isoindoles ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Thiazoles