Open reduction and internal fixation is currently considered as a gold standard of treatment in most of the intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Among various different approaches, extensile lateral approach is the most popular since it provides good exposure to the subtalar joint. However, wide skin incision followed by extensive soft tissue dissection leading to increased risk of wound breakdown is the most serious drawback. Sinus tarsi approach, a minimal invasive technique to approach the subtalar joint and reduce the intra-articular calcaneal fractures, provides good clinical outcome and less wound complications compared to the extensile lateral approach. This article introduces the surgical technique and review of the literature regarding the sinus tarsi approach.
Calcaneus ; Skin ; Subtalar Joint ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain relief can be achieved with various modalities. However, there are only few reports that have analyzed postoperative analgesic techniques in total hip arthroplasty patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of three different analgesic techniques after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the influence of three analgesic techniques on postoperative rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in 90 patients divided into three groups (n = 30 patients per group). Postoperative analgesia consisted of continuous epidural analgesia (Epi group), patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (PCA group), or a continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB group). We measured the following parameters relating to postoperative outcome: visual analog scale scores, the use of supplemental analgesia, side effects, length of the hospital stay, plasma D-dimer levels, and the Harris hip score. RESULTS: Each group had low pain scores with no significant differences between the groups. The PCA group had a lower frequency of supplemental analgesia use compared to the Epi and CFNB groups. Side effects (nausea/vomiting, inappetence) and day 7 D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the CFNB group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the length of the hospital stay or the Harris hip score. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were no clinically significant differences in outcomes between the three groups, the CFNB provided good pain relief which was equal to that of the other analgesics with fewer side effects and lower D-dimer levels in hospitalized patients following total hip arthroplasty.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Analgesia, Epidural/methods ; *Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics, Opioid/*administration & dosage ; *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; *Femoral Nerve ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morphine/*administration & dosage ; *Nerve Block/methods ; Pain, Postoperative/*prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the calcar femorale, a cortical septum in the region of the lesser trochanter of the femur, correlates with results of femoral stem implantation in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to developmental dysplasia using computed tomography. METHODS: This retrospective study included 277 hips (41 males and 236 females; age, 37 to 92 years) of patients who had presented to Okayama Medical Center with hip pain. Of these, a total of 219 hips (31 males and 188 females) had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty. According to the Crowe classification, 147 hips were classified as Crowe grade I, 72 hips as Crowe grade II–IV, and 58 hips as normal. RESULTS: The calcar femorale was identified in 267 hips (96.4%). The calcar femorale was significantly shorter and more anteverted in Crowe grade II–IV hips than in Crowe grade I or normal hips. Significant differences in the shape of the calcar femorale were found according to the severity of hip deformity. Three stem designs were analyzed: single-wedge (59 hips), double-wedge metaphyseal filling (147 hips), and modular (13 hips). Single-wedge stems were inserted more parallel to the calcar femorale rather than femoral neck anteversion, while other types of stems scraped the calcar femorale. CONCLUSIONS: The angle of the calcar femorale differs according to the severity of hip deformity, and the calcar femorale might thus serve as a more useful reference for stem insertion than femoral neck anteversion in total hip arthroplasty using a single-wedge stem.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Crows ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip* ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis* ; Retrospective Studies