Objective To investigate the pathologic features of ganglioglioma/gangliocytoma.Methods 19 cases of gangliogliomas and gangliocytomas were studied by HE stain, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural observation.Results (1) The tumor cells presented widespread, derangement distribution, and conglobation in some regions. (2) The tumor cells were similar with ganglion cell, showing multipolar in feature, and had large, irregular nucleoli. The nucleoli were clear. Some tumor cells were bi-nucleated. (3) Neurogliocytomas were Ⅱ～Ⅲ grades according to the standard published by WHO. (4) Immunoreactions showed GFAP (-), S-100 (+) and Synaptophyein (+) in neoplastic cells. (5) Ultrastructure observation showed cytolysosome, ribosome and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Abundant mitochondria and dense neuroendocrine granules were also found in these cells.Conclusions Ganglioglioma/gangliocytoma is a rare tumor of central nervous system. Its diagnosis mainly depends on histopathology, special markers of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural features. The property of neoplasma is related to the component of neurogliocytoma.

Purpose To study the c1inica1 and patho1ogica1 features of pituicytoma. Methods Ten cases of pituicytoma were re-trieved. Their c1inicopatho1ogic and immunohistochemica1 features were studied,and the re1ated 1iterature was a1so reviewed. Results The 10 patients aged from 4 to 68 years,with 4 ma1es,and 6 fema1es. The fo11ow-up information of 9 cases was co11ected:a11 of them were survived,whi1e one fema1e recurred 2 years after operation. Histo1ogica11y,the tumor was composed of bipo1ar e1ongated spind1e ce11. Immunohistochemica11y,the tumor ce11s showed strong1y positive for S-100(10/10)and vimentin(10/10),whi1e weak or foca1 positive for GFAP(10/10)and EMA(4/10). CKpan was negative in a11 cases and Ki-67 pro1iferation index was 1ow(1% ~5%). Conclusion Pituicytoma is a 1ow-grade spind1e ce11 tumor,typica11y occurs in the se11ar region. It is most common1y found in adu1ts,especia11y in ado1escent patients. The tumor shou1d be distinguished from pi1ocytic astrocytoma and neurohypophysea1granu1ar ce11 tumor. Pituicytoma exhibits strong1y positive for S-100 and vimentin. Genera11y,this tumor behaves indo1ent1y,but some may re-cur.

Humans ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of 22 cases of central neurocytoma (CNC), representing 0.48% of a series of 4 528 patients undergoing biopsy for central nervous system tumors.

METHODSThe histopathological, ultrastructral, immunohistochemical and clinical features of CNC were studied by electron microscopic examination and immunohistochemical stain for Synaptophysin (Syn), neuron special enolase (NSE), Leu-7, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), MBP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).

RESULTSThe age of the cases ranged from 4 to 44 (average 27.9 years) with all tumors localized in the ventricles. In the 18 patients followed up, 14 were alive for 8 months to 14 years and 11 months after the operation, and 4 died. The average survival period was 70.7 months. Histologically, the tumor in all 22 cases had the oligodendroglioma-like pattern with honeycomb appearance and cell-free islands of eosinophilic matrix. Cellular anaplasia, mitosis and necrotic areas were rarely seen in the tumors. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated strong positivity for Syn, NSE and Leu-7, and negative for GFAP and MBP. Ultrastructural features showed presence of round tumor cells with abundant cell processes containing microtubules, neurosecretory granules, clear vesicles and lysosome-like structures.

CONCLUSIONSThe differential diagnosis between CNC and oligodendroglioma could not be established by routine light microscopy. The importance of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies for making a correct diagnosis is emphasized. The prognosis of patients is usually favorable, even if the tumor was resected subtotally. The relationship between the presence of anaplastic histological features in CNC and patient outcome remains unclear.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; CD57 Antigens ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; methods ; Neurocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is a rare, low-grade neoplasm, which is newly categorized into the neuronal and mixed neuro-glial tumor in 2016. The most characteristic imaging findings are diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement with multiple minor cysts. This article described a case with DLGNT mimicking meningitis, whose cystic lesions were not obvious, with swollen multiple lobes cortex, gyri form cortical calcification and enhanced meninges. Meningeal irritation sign repeated attacks and the clinical symptoms gradually improved after steroid pulse therapy. The biopsy and immunohistochemistry staining were diagnosed as DLGNT. The imaging features and clinical data of this case were analyzed to improve the understanding of the disease in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, imaging features, histopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC) and ultrastructure features of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID).Methods:HE, IHC staining and EM were performed in cases of NIID diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital from 2018 to 2019.Results:Two cases were identified, including one male and one female; both patients were 76 years old. They were hospitalized because of nervous system dysfunction. MRI showed abnormal high signal intensity in corticomedullary junction of bilateral frontal lobes (male patient) and bilateral cerebral hemispheres (female patient). Light eosinophilic transparent inclusion bodies were seen in the nuclei of neurons in both rectal mucosa and cutaneous sweat glands, and these were positive for p62 by IHC. By scanning EM, the inclusion bodies in the sweat gland cells nuclei were round membranous structures consisting of 8-18 nm microfilaments.Conclusions:NIID is a rare, multi-system and slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Its clinical manifestations are highly diverse and easily misdiagnosed or missed. Neuroimaging can make a preliminary diagnosis. In the past, NIID can only be diagnosed through autopsy, and this study demonstrates that NIID can be confirmed through skin or rectal mucosal biopsy.

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome