A Review] CD4+ T cells can be divided into Th1/Th2 subsets. Th1/Th2 imbalance participates many disease processes. A stable surface marker distinguishing Th1 and Th2 will greatly facilitate the investigation of Th1/Th2 interaction.Several surface molecules have been reported to be differentialy expressed between Th1 and Th2 cells.LAG-3,active ligands for P- and E-selectin ,IL-18R, IL-12R?2,CC chemokine receptor (CCR5) were shown to be dominantly expressed on Th1 cells,whereas expression of CD30,ST2L,CRTH2,CCR3,CCR4 was reported to be preferential to Th2 cells. In this review, several surface molecules were mainly discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of the decoction of tartary buckwheat flavonoids on focal cerebral is-chemia-reperfusion injury of rats. MEHTODS: Fifty male SD rats will be randomly divided into normal group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (model group), high dose of tartary buckwheat flavonoids group, middle dose of tartary buckwheat flavonoids group and low dose of tartary buckwheat flavonoids group, each groups of 10 rats. A rat model of the right middle cerebral artery occlusion/reper-fusion(MCAO) was established by the filament method. After being operated, treatment-group rats will be administered 100,75 and 50 mg · kg-1 of the decoction of tartary buckwheat flavonoids three times a day for 7 consecutive days, after administrated for 7 d, rats in each group will undergo neurobehavioral tests. Expressions of cerebral inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured by SP immunohistochemistry. The optical density value (OD) was measured by imaging analysis, and the percentage of cells with iNOS and eNOS positive expression was analyzed under light microscope. RESULTS: Compared with ischemia-reperfusion group, neurological function score increased in the decoction of tartary buckwheat flavonoids groups. Treatment groups had lower expression level of iNOS but higher expression level of eNOS than those in the model groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The number of neurons of Hippocampal CA1 was increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tartary buckwheat flavonoids can improve neurological function and decrease the expression of iNOS and increase the expression of eNOS in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, which may contribute to the protection of neural function.

Objective To summarize and analyze the prevention and control model of colorectal cancer in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, and to provide references for other regions. Methods Based on the three-level prevention and control network in Nanshan District, top specialists from across the country and abroad were brought in serving as a technical support team to explore scientific and feasible early screening techniques and management models for colorectal cancer. Results Through a series of measures, such as government leadership, departmental cooperation, closed-loop management of the prevention and control services, health education and so on, the residents^' participation increased and health literacy was also improved. More than 20,000 residents participated in the risk assessment of colorectal cancer, and the positive detection rate was nearly 50% in people at a high risk. Conclusion The public health institution-community-hospital three-level prevention and control network was conducive to improving the compliance of residents with cancer screening, early detection and early intervention to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.

Objective To study the molecular characteristic of the epidemic plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-15 in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 38 strains of E. coli and 47 strains of K. pneumoniae both producing CTX-M-15 ESBLs were collected from nine hospitals in Guangzhou from 2007 to 2008. The clonal relationship of isolates carrying blaCTX-M-15 was determined by PFGE and MLST. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by microdilution test for all isolates. Conjugative plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-15 were obtained by mating and were subject to restriction analysis. PCR was used to determine phylogenetic groups of E. coli,and to study replicon type and the genetic contexts of the plasmids harboring blaCTX-M-15. Serum agglutination test was used to detect the serotype of E. coli. Results The 37 strains of E. coli were classified into 28 genotypes, while the 47 strains of K. pneumoniae were divided into 30 genotypes. ST131 was found in E. coli but not O25 serotype. Two novel-alleles of tonB and new ST were determined in K. pneumoniae. Forty out of 58 isolates represented independent genotypes have been succeeded to transfer the plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-15 to the E. coli C600(Rif) by conjugation. The sizes of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-15 are 65 kb in 57.9% isolates of E. coli and 92 kb in 87.5% isolates of K. pneumoniae. Two epidemic plasmids were detected in E.coli and K. pneumoniae by restriction enzyme, designated p15-e and p15-k respectively. The blaCTX-M-15 and ISEcpI were identified on p15-e, and the blaCTX-M-15 ,ISEcpI,aac(6')- Ⅰ b,aac(3')-Ⅲ ,blaOXA-1 ,qnrB,qnrS,blaDHA-1 , blaTEM-1 were determined on p15-k. The p15-k also was identified to belong to the incompatible group FⅡ. Conclusion The local dissemination of blaCTX-M-15 appears to be due to the spread of epidemic plasmids harboring blaCTX-M-15. No evidence supports the dissemination of clone strains which carried blaCTX-M-15.

Objective To investigate the impact on the resistance of carbapenem with the expression of OprD2 or OprD2 mutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods One hundred and one clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC for imipenem ≥8 μg/ml were studied. MIC were determined by the broth microdilution method, and the antibiotics tested were imipenem(IPM ), biapenem( BPM), meropenem(MEM) and panipenem(PEM). The expression of the oprD2 gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR(RT-PCR). For the Pseudomonas aeruginosa with normal expression of OprD2 and resistance to imipenem, full-length oprD2 gene was amplified by PCR and the products were sequenced. Results According to the result of the expression of oprD2 gene, 101 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were divided into two groups: group1 with diminished expression of OprD2, and group2 with normal expression of OprD2. Comparing isolates with MIC of 4 kinds of carbepenem agents ≥ 16 μg/ml in two groups. Data showed the amount of OprD2 expression were different between two groups(P ＜0.01 or P ＜ 0.05). In group1, there are 28 isolates with MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml of all the 4 kinds of carbapenems, among which 25 isolates have obviously diminished expression of OprD2 ( ＜ 0.4). Negative correlations tendency appeared between the level of OprD2 transcription and MICs of 4 kinds of carbepenem agents in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In group2, 16 strains with OprD2 mutation divided into 4 types according to the pattern of alteration. Compared with PAO1, these strains have increased MIC with different degree to IPM,BPM, MEM and PEM. Conclusion The deletion or diminished expression of OprD2 resulted in resistance to imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The level of OprD2 transcription and antimicrobial activities for carbapenem agents proved to be highly correlated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mutation of OprD2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa probably decreased the sensitivity of carbapenem agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

AIM: To investigate the application of phrenic nerve conduction time(PNCT) in the recovery of general anaesthesia. METHODS: Pdi (t) and PNCT were measured by cervical magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves in 8 patients before and after the administration of muscle relaxant. RESULTS: Pdi (t) was reduced from (23.7?2.4) cmH 2O to (11.5?3.4) cmH 2O (reduction rate: 51.5%, P

OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence rate and the relativity of allergic rhinitis and recurring respiratory infection of preschool children in Shenzhen, and to investigate and analyse the prevalence rate, predisposing factor, allergen, therapy, turnover on allergic rhinitis and recurring respiratory infection of preschool children. METHOD: The ENT doctors examined the investigated children and recorded them, then delivered questionnaires to the children's parents and explained to them. The result was analyzed statistically. RESULT: The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis of preschool children in Shenzhen was 20.1%, the prevalence rate of recurring respiratory infection was 13.7%, the prevalence rate (18.0%) of allergic rhinitis combined recurring respiratory infection was higher than that (7.80) of cases with non-allergic rhinitis combined recurring respiratory infection. The difference had a statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We initially understood the epidemiologic situation of allergic rhinitis and recurring respiratory infection of preschool children in Shenzhen, providing epidemiologic datas for the standardization of prevention and cure for allergic rhinitis.
Allergens ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

AIM: To examine the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) on experimental asthma in guinea pigs. METHODS: Guinea pigs were sensitized with BCG and then with ovalbumin (ip). Two weeks later, guinea pigs were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol inhalation. Thirty one Guinea pigs were divided into three groups at random control group,OVA-treated group, BCG and OVA-treated group.RESULTS: Ovalbumin inhalation caused a marked airway infiltration of eosinophils and all the animals exhibit asthmatic symptoms. Pretreatment with BCG induced typical increase in lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). BCG markedly inhibited eosinophil infiltration and attenuated the asthmatic symptoms. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that BCG exerts an inhibitory effect on asthmatic inflammation.

AIM: The effect of urotensin II (U-II) on proliferation of cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of rabbits and its mechanism are investigated. METHODS: PASMCs were isolated using explant technique. RPASMCs were incubated in serum-free medium with different concentrations of nicardipine, calcimodulin antagonist W 7, PKC inhibitor H 7 or MAPK inhibitor (PD 98059 ), with or without U-II. RPASMC proliferation was examined by MTT [3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and by the increase in [ 3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. RESULTS: U-II (10 -9 mol/L-10 -7 mol/L) increased A value of PASMCs by MTT assay and [ 3H]-thymidine incorporation in PASMCs in a dose-dependent manner. U-II induced a maximal effect at a concentration of 10 -7 mol/L. A value and [ 3H]-thymidine incorporation rose 42 9% and 68 5% ( P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of intralesional bleomycin-A5 with dexamethasone injection under pedestal laryngoscope for huge laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangiomas. METHOD: Intralesional bleomycin-A5 with dexamethasone injection under pedestal laryngoscope was performed in huge laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangiomas. RESULT: The injection frequencies were 3 times in 4 cases, 4 times in 3 cases, and 5 times in 9 cases. Twelve cases (75%) were cured, and 4 cases (25%) were improved. CONCLUSION Intralesional bleomycin-A5 with dexamethasone injection under pedestal laryngoscope is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapeutic method for huge laryngopharyngeal and laryngeal hemangiomas.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemangioma ; therapy ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Laryngoscopes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult