Objective To examine the effects of formaldehyde on the process of sperm development and reproductive capacity in male mice and the micronucleus rate of liver cells from offspring.Methods The mice were randomly divided into negative control group(NC),formaldehyde exposed group and positive control group (PC).The exposed dose was 21 mg?m-3 (1/24 LC50),42 mg?m-3 (1/12 LC50) and 84 mg?m-3 (1/6 LC50),respectively. 12 male mice were included in each group.Male mice from different formaldehyde exposed groups were inhaled with formaldehyde for 2 h one day,6 d each week,lasted for 13 weeks.The aberration rate of sperm in male mice and the micronucleus rate of liver cells from offspring were observed,and the reproductive capacity of male mice was detected by dominant lethal test.Results The aberration rates of sperm in mice from different formaldehyde exposed groups were significantly higher than that in negative control (P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for investigating the nutrition situation of the inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery and promoting the clinical rational use of nutritional support drugs. METHODS:Des-ignated continuous sampling was used to select the inpatients that fit the conditions in the departments of spinal surgery and mini-mally invasive spinal surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2013,and the nutritional risk screening 2002 was used to investigate the patients’nutritional risk at admission and upon discharge,the nutritional support during hospitalization were recorded. RE-SULTS:In the 432 enrolled patients,the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 11.57% at admission,12.40% in spinal surgery and 10.44% in minimally invasive spinal surgery;and the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 19.44% upon discharge, 23.60% in spinal surgery,with statistical significance when compared with admission(P<0.05),while 13.74% in minimally inva-sive spinal surgery,with no statistical significance when compared with admission(P>0.05). The nutritional support rate of 50 pa-tients with nutritional risk at admission was 88.00%,14.14% of 382 non-risk patients still received a redundant nutritional support. The 44 patients with nutritional risk who received nutritional support had the average calories intake of(9.84±8.10)kJ/(kg·d),in-cluding 10.16% lipids and 9.55% protein;all patients who received nutritional support found no patients with enteral nutrition sup-port. CONCLUSIONS:Inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery suffer a lower incidence of nutritional risk at admission,and a higher incidence of nutritional risk in the former one upon discharge. While some patients who received nutritional support show no indication,and administrations of nutritional support are still debatable,the use of drug is irrational.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Rome III criteria separated chronic constipation into functional constipation (FC) and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), but some researchers questioned the partitioning and treated both as distinct parts of a continuum. The study aims to explore the similarity and diversity of brain white matter between FC and IBS-C. METHODS: The voxel-wise analysis of the diffusion parameters was used to quantify the white matter changes of female brains in 18 FC patients and 20 IBS-C patients compared with a comparison group with 19 healthy controls by tract-based spatial statistics. The correlations between diffusive parameters and clinical symptoms were evaluated using a Pearson’s correlation. RESULTS: In comparison to healthy controls, FC patients showed a decrease of fractional anisotropy (FA) and an increase of radial diffusivity (RD) in multiple major fibers encompassing the corpus callosum (CC, P = 0.001 at peak), external capsule (P = 0.002 at peak), corona radiata (CR, P = 0.001 at peak), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF, P = 0.002 at peak). In contrast, IBS-C patients showed FA and RD aberrations in the CC (P = 0.048 at peak). Moreover, the direct comparison between FC and IBS-C showed only RD differences in the CR and SLF. In addition, FA and RD in the CC were significantly associated with abdominal pain for all patients, whereas FA in CR (P = 0.016) and SLF (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with the length of time per attempt and incomplete evacuation separately for FC patients. CONCLUSION: These results may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying different types of constipation.
Abdominal Pain ; Anisotropy ; Brain ; Constipation ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; External Capsule ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; White Matter

The diagnosis of food allergy in children is one hotspot attracting people′s attention in recent years.The incidence of it shows an increasing trend which exposes problems in the understanding of children′s food allergy in China, especially in the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.To further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy in children, based on the current domestic, foreign guidelines and relevant research evidence, the guideline recommends 16 clinical hot-button issues in the 4 aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention.Finally, a diagnosis flowchart has been formulated.The guideline aims to improve the standard diagnosis and treatment of food allergies in children in China.

ObjectiveTo find the different metabolites of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus fresh fruits dried in different ways by proton nuclear magnetic resonance （¹H-NMR） metabonomics technology， and to explore the possible effect of green removing on its metabolic profile. MethodFifteen samples of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus fresh fruits were used， and each 3 samples was divided into one group. The samples were processed by five methods， including drying， drying in the sun， microwave， blanching and steaming. These samples were extracted with 50% methanol and analyzed by ¹H-NMR. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis， the differences of the metabolic profile between green removing samples and dried samples， sun-dried samples were compared. ResultA total of 27 chemical components were identified by ¹H-NMR and Chenomx database， mainly including amino acids， alkaloids， carbohydrates and organic acids. These metabolites were mainly involved in the energy metabolism of fruit postharvest physiology. The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among the 5 groups. The dried and sun-dried samples were used as the controls， 17 differential metabolites （asparagine， citric acid， glucose， sucrose， choline glycerophosphate， trigonelline， alanine， lysine， glycerol， leucine， isoleucine， valine， uridine， threonine， methionine， phenylalanine and fructose） were screened by variable importance in the projection （VIP） value and S-plot. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups， the results showed that compared with dried and sun-dried samples， the contents of sucrose and choline glycerophosphate increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01） in samples treated with green removing， but the contents of valine， leucine， isoleucine， threonine， phenylalanine and methionine decreased significantly （P<0.01）， the content of asparagine increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01） in samples treated by microwave， while the contents of trigonelline and uridine decreased significantly （P<0.01） in samples treated by blanching. ConclusionThe consumption， decomposition and/or transformation of active ingredients may be inhibited by interfering with its energy metabolism after the green removing of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus fresh fruits.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.