Objective To investigate the distribution pattern of genome?wide CpG methylation in the animal model of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with Alzheimer′s disease(AD). Methods This study investigated the genome?wide DNA methylation profiles in the cortex tissues using methylat?ed DNA immunoprecipitation(MeDIP)combined with high?throughput sequencing. Results The analysis revealed 2 346 CpG sites existed only in AD mice,representing 485 unique genes as potentially associated with AD and these methylated DNA fragments distributed in different chromo?somes. Some hyper?methylated genes displayed familial aggregation. Conclusion There is significant difference in DNA methylation sites between APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice and corresponding wild mice,suggesting that DNA methylation may be involved in onset and development of AD.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and applicability of the quality of life (QOL) evaluation scale for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods The IPF-QOL evaluation scales at home and abroad were retrieved and analyzed comprehensively and deeply in terms of fields, number of items, scoring methods, applicability and correlation. Results In the literature area of IPF-QOL evaluation scale, the contents mainly included symptoms,daily activity ability, psychological activity, social activity, economic status, curative effect, etc, and the IPF health-related quality of life, dyspnea, cough and other symptoms were evaluated; the number of related items was between 5-74, and Likert 5 grade scoring method was mostly adopted,with scoring results of 0-100 points; the classical scoring theory such as reliability, validity, responsiveness, feasibility, etc were mainly used to analyze the scale assessment, lacking the application of modern measurement theory; mostly, the studies were concentrated in foreign countries,and relatively few in China, especially lack of the development of the evaluation scale for the combination of disease and symptoms based on Chinese culture. Conclusion The development of IPF-QOL evaluation scale has become a research hotspot, and in clinical application, it is necessary to base on the different characteristics of the scale to improve the accuracy of the evaluation results; in the scale development process, the standardization, comprehensiveness of assessment, and the rationality of scoring results should be strengthened in order to obtain an effective tool which can be provided and suitable for IPF-QOL evaluation.

Objective:To discuss the influence of mindfulness-based stress reduction plus micro-class education on the complications and knowledge mastery rate in surgical patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 105 patients, diagnosed as diabetes mellitus complicated with appendicitis in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College were selected from January 2019 to January 2020. They were hospitalized for laparoscopic appendectomy and were randomly divided into the control group ( n = 52) and the study group ( n = 53) in accordance with the random number table. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing care, and the patients in the study group were given mindfulness decompression therapy combined with micro-classroom education. The blood glucose control and psychological emotion of the two groups before and after operation, and the postoperative complications and the mastery rate of disease knowledge of the two groups were compared. Results:There was no significant difference in blood glucose indexes between the two groups at baseline ( P>0.05); FBG, HbA1c and other indicators in the two groups were improved during operation and 24h after operation, but FBG (7.38±0.54) mmol/L, HbA1c (6.39±0.21)% and FBG (6.90±0.52) mmol/L and HbA1c (6.10±0.39)% in the study group were lower than those in the control group [(8.16±1.21) mmol/L, (7.53±1.05)%, (7.60±0.57) mmol/L, (6.50±0.41)%], the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 6.789-13.264, P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in SAS and SDS scores between the two groups at baseline ( P > 0.05), until discharge, the SAS and SDS scores of the treatment group were 35.81±5.49 and 42.08±4.91 respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group (42.21±5.53, 6.51±4.72) respectively, compared with the corresponding scale scores of the control group, the difference between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant ( t value was 5.386, 4.265, P < 0.05). Compared with 17.31% (9/52) of the control group, the incidence of complications in the study group decreased to 5.66% (3/53), there was significant difference ( χ2 value was 6.789, P < 0.05). The qualified rate of disease knowledge mastery in the study group (98.11%,52/53) was significantly higher than that in the control group (86.53%, 45/52), and the difference was significant ( χ2 value was 5.062, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The mindfulness-based stress reduction plus micro-class education can effectively control the laparoscopic appendectomy patients blood glucose, stabilize the mental emotions, increase the illness knowledge mastery degree, keep in good mood, reduce the postoperative complications and promote the fast recovery.

BACKGROUND:At present, col agen as a material in periodontal tissue engineering has some disadvantages such as poor mechanical strength and rapid degradation speed. Col agen combined with chitosan can improve above-mentioned problems.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel chitosan-col agen scaffold in vitro.
METHODS:Cytotoxicity of the extract of chitosan-col agen scaffold in different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Human periodontal ligament cel s at 4-6 passages were cocultured with the chitosan-col agen scaffold. Cel growth on the scaffold was observed. Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity were detected in periodontal ligament cel s before and after coculture.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The novel chitosan-col agen scaffold was made up of double layers with one dense layer and another loose layer. The grade of the cytotoxicity of the scaffold was from 0 to 1. Scanning electron microscope and histological observation demonstrated that cel s grew wel on the chitosan-col agen scaffold;the dense layer could prevent cel s to migrate into the scaffold. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cel s before and 24 hours after combined culture (P>0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cel s was greatly higher at 48 and 72 hours after combined culture compared with that before culture (P<0.05). Above results indicated that the novel chitosan-col agen scaffold has a good biocompatibility and barrier function, and potential as a scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of CT-guided puncture biopsy combined with serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ) in serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) negative primary liver cancer (PHC).Methods:Eighty patients with AFP negative PHC treatment in Fuyang Women and Children′s Hospital from January 2018 to March 2021 were selected as AFP negative PHC group, and another 85 patients diagnosed with benign liver tumor during the same period were selected as the control group retrospectively. The patients of the two groups underwent CT-guided biopsy and the levels of GGT and PIVKA-Ⅱ were detected. The single diagnostic value and combined diagnostic value of AFP negative PHC were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Seventy-five of the 80 patients in the AFP negative PHC group were confirmed as liver malignant lesions by biopsy, with a coincidence of 93.75%, and 84 of the 85 patients in the control group were confirmed as liver benign lesions by biopsy, with a coincidence of 98.82%. The levels of AFP, GGT and PIVKA-Ⅱ in AFP negative PHC group were significantly higher than those in the control group: (175.67 ± 39.58) μg/L vs. (18.74 ± 7.42) μg/L, (1 245.37 ± 255.41) U/L vs. (486.63 ± 89.05) U/L, (385.49 ± 30.27) AU/L vs. (25.84 ± 7.66) AU/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum AFP was positively correlated with GGT and PIVKA-Ⅱ ( r = 0.858 and 0.429, P<0.05). The results of ROC curve showed that the area under curve of CT-guided biopsy combined with GGT and PIVKA-Ⅱ in the diagnosis of AFP negative PHC was 0.877, the sensitivity was 91.19%, the specificity was 87.34%. Conclusions:CT-guided biopsy combined with GGT and PIVKA-Ⅱ detection of AFP negative PHC can effectively improve the diagnostic value.

This paper summarized the current status of the commonly used quality of life assessment scales of bronchiectasis （BE） at home and abroad， and compared the characteristics and differences of each scale from the basic framework， domain， item pool， application status and quality assessment， so as to provide a basis for the development and application of scales based on the mode of combination of disease and syndrome. There are currently 12 assessment tools for evaluating the quality of life in BE with good reliability， validity， and responsiveness， but only quality of life - bronchiectasis （QOL-B） and bronchiectasis health questionnaire （BHQ） are specifically developed for BE patients. The development process of these scales is mostly rooted in western culture and modern medicine， making it difficult to highlight the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The content of the scales lacks the outcome indicators that BE patients are most concerned about， and cannot fully reflect the subjective feelings of patients. The development and assessment of scales lacks clinical research data and methodological support. Under the guidance of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， the development of scales based on the mode of combination of disease and syndrome can emerge the characteristics of TCM， reflect the true feelings of patients， and make up for the limitations of the existing scales of BE. Therefore， based on domestic and international scales， factors of China's national conditions and cultural characteristics of TCM should be considered to develop the scale suitable for Chinese people， which requires the construction of a theoretical model for the combination of disease and syndrome， by taking patients as the center and evaluating the performance and quality of the scale.

Objective : To evaluate the change of energy metabolism during cisplatin ⁃induced acute kidney injury. Methods : Adult CD⁃1 male mice were intraperitoneally inj ected with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) , and renal function and renal tissue pathology were tested; gene expression was analyzed and signaling pathways were enriched in cisplatin ⁃treated renal tubular epithelial cells using transcriptome; the contents of renal glycolysis and amino acid metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography⁃tandem mass spectrometry ( LC⁃MS/MS) . Results: Serum urea nitrogen and blood creatinine significantly increased in cisplatin ⁃treated mice. Pathological histology ob served swelling and shedding of renal tubular epithelial cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2 632 genes were upregulated and 2 799 genes were downregulated in cisplatin ⁃treated HK⁃2 cells. GO and KEGG analyatin caused an upregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and a downregulation of the glycolysis pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells , further KEGG analysis demonstrated that cisplatin caused changes in the expression of amino acid genes in renal cells. Metabolomics showed that the contents of glycolytic intermediates and several amino acids were altered in the kidney of cisplatin ⁃treated mice. Conclusion Cisplatin ⁃induced acute renal injury is accompanied by modification in renal tubular cell glycolysis and amino acid metabolism.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

AlM: The Chinese medicinal herb Hanfangji is dried roots of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (Family, Menispermaceae). Tetrandrine and fangchinoline are two major constituents of Hanfangji and these bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids possess anti - cancer and other pharmacological activities. To facilitate further pharmacodynamic investigation of these compounds, a pharmacokinetic investigation was performed in rats and in vitro. METHODS: Pharmacokinetics of tetrandrine and fangchinoline were characterized in rats p.o. or i.v. dosing an aqueous extract of Hanfangji or the individual compound. Unbound levels of systemic exposure to these two alkaloids were assessed using in vitro studies of plasma protein binding, blood-plasma partition, and lysosomal trapping. All the study samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTS: We found two pharmacokinetic features of tetrandrine and fangchinoline. First, the two compounds had blood levels of systemic exposure substantially higher than the respective plasma levels of systemic exposure. Second, the two compounds exhibited significantly higher systemic exposure levels after p.o. dosing an aqueous extract of Hanfangji than the respective exposure levels after p.o. dosing the individual compound, at the same compound dose levels and under the same conditions for analytical measurement and the same conditions for animal study. Unbound fractions of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in rat plasma were 2%-5% and the concentrations of the alkaloids in rat erythrocytes were 5-times higher than those in rat plasma. Lysosomal inhibitor could block their trapping in lysosomes and significantly reduce their concentrations in HEK-293 cells. CONCLUSlON: The following pharmacokinetic aspects should be noted in pharmacodynamic investigation of tetrandrine and fangchinoline: extensive binding with plasma proteins, extensive binding with erythrocytes, and trapping by lysosomes of tissue cells substantially reduce the levels of unbound tetrandrine and fangchinoline in the systemic circulation.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated heavy metal exposure could increase the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there are limited data regarding the relationship between cobalt exposure and CHD occurrence in offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between cobalt exposure in mothers and the risk of CHDs in offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to explore the association between cobalt exposure and occurrence of congenital heart defect (CHD), a case-control study with 490 controls and 399 cases with CHDs in China were developed. The concentrations of cobalt in hair of pregnant woman and fetal placental tissue were measured and processed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between cobalt exposure and risk of CHDs. RESULTS: The median concentration of hair cobalt in the control and case group was 0.023 ng/mg and 0.033 ng/mg (aOR, 1.837; 95% CI, 1.468-2.299; P < 0.001), respectively. And the median (5-95% range) fetal placental cobalt concentrations were 19.350 ng/g and 42.500 ng/g (aOR, 2.924; 95% CI, 2.211-3.868; P < 0.001) in the control and case groups, respectively. Significant differences in the middle level of cobalt in hair were found in the different CHD subtypes, including septal defects, conotruncal defects, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P < 0.001). Dramatically, different cobalt concentrations in fetal placental tissue were found in all subtypes of cases with CHDs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The finding suggested that the occurrence of CHDs may be associated with cobalt exposure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Cobalt ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hair ; chemistry ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Placenta ; chemistry ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; chemically induced ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult