Objective To observe the role of mulberry flavone on the expression of insulin receptor substrate(IRS)in HepG2 cells with insulin resistance, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism that mulberry flavone improves insulin resistance. Methods HepG2 cells were cultured to establish insulin-resistance cell model in high concentration of insulin, and then incubated with mulberry flavone. Effect of mulberry flavone on the HepG2 cell model of glucose incorporation rate was observed. Western blot was used to observe the variety of IRS protein expression. Results Mulberry flavone increased the glucose incorporation rate of (33. 9 ± 1.0)higher than that of Conclusions Mulberry flavone can improve insulin resistance. Furthermore, IRS protein expression increasing is the possible molecular mechanism that mulberry flavone improves insulin resistance.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of combined intravenous and intrathecal vancomycin in treatment of patients with intracranial infection after craniotomy. Methods Clinical data of a total of 60 consecutive patients with intracranial infections after cranial operation admitted to Department of Neurosurgery of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 1st 2013 to June 1st 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: intravenous injection only (n = 25) and combined intravenous and intrathecal injection (n = 35). In both groups of patients intravenously given vancomycin hydrochloride 500 kU every 6 hours as well as third or fourth generation of cephalosporins or meropenem. In combined intravenous and intrathecal injection group, in addition to 20 mg vancomycin was slowly injected via lumbar puncture after release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) once a day. The clinical efficacy and complications of the two groups were compared. Results The recovery rate in the combined intravenous and intrathecal injection group was significantly higher than that in the intravenous injection only group (94.3% vs. 76.0%, χ2 = 4.220, P = 0.040). Lowering of white blood cell count in combined intravenous and intrathecal injection group was significantly earlier than that of the intravenous injection only group (time to become normal: 8 days vs. 13 days). The time of recovery in combined intravenous and intrathecal injection group was significantly shorter than that of the intravenous injection only group (days: 9.9±0.7 vs. 13.4±1.1, t = -2.716, P = 0.009). There were 3 patients who experienced nerve root irritation symptoms in combined intravenous and intrathecal injection group. Symptomatic treatment was given and injection speed was slowed down for these patients. There were no severe complications, such as coma, epilepsy or death in both groups. Conclusion Combined intravenous and intrathecal injection of vancomycin could be a safe and effective therapy for intracranial infection after craniotomy.

Objective: To investigate the contamination levels and dietary intakes of seven mycotoxins in Chinese diets. Methods: In Chinese Total Diet Study, food aggregation was based on the food consumption of local residents, thus generating the sampling scheme. According to the sampling scheme, the food items were sampled at three survey points in each province and then mixed in the same proportion. The mixed dietary samples were prepared after being cooked and processed. The samples comprised of 13 categories of food: cereals, beans, potatoes, meat, eggs, aquatic products, milk, vegetables, fruits, saccharides, beverages and drinking water, alcohol, and condiments. Condiments were used in cooking, so there were in total 12 varieties of samples for determination. Altogether, the study included 240 mixed dietary samples from 20 provinces with 12 varieties. The contamination levels of the seven mycotoxins, including sterigmatocystin (SMC), citrinin (CIT), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), moniliformin (MON), gliotoxin (GLIO), mycophenolateacid (MPA) and verruculogen (Verru), were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method, and dietary intakes of residents were estimated as well. Results: Among the detected seven mycotoxins, MPA,GLIO and Verru were not detected. The content range of CPA in beans was 0.47-1.57 μg/kg and in alcohol was 0.19-2.26 μg/kg, and the detection rate of CPA was 7.1% (17/240). The content of SMC in aquatic products of Guangxi, in saccharides of Beijing, and in beverages of Liaoning was 2.88 μg/kg, 0.01 μg/kg, and 0.53 μg/kg, respectively. The content range of SMC in aquatic products was 0.70-1.76 μg/kg, and the detection rate was 2.9% (7/240). In addition, the content of CIT in fruit of Sichuan was 5.31 μg/kg, and the content of MON in milk of Jilin was 3.60 μg/kg. According to the dietary exposure analysis, the exposure levels of the seven mycotoxins in China's general population were low. MPA, GLIO and Verru were not detected, and the exposure range of the other four mycotoxins were 0.000-8.132 (CIT), 0.000-27.448 (SMC), 0.000-3.026 (CPA), and 0.000-62.847 ng·kg^-1·d^-1 (MON), respectively. Conclusion In the detected seven mycotoxins, CPA, SMC, CIT and MON were detected only in the individual diet in some areas with a low dietary exposure level. However, the contamination level of CPA in alcohol merits attention.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of renal transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced end-stage nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 408 cases who underwent renal transplantation in our center from 2009 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into DM group (n =82) and non-DM group (n =326).The postoperative infection,delayed graft function (DGF),adverse events,and the survival rate of patients/kidneys were comparatively analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative infection,DGF and adverse events was significantly higher in DM group than in non-DM group (23.2％ vs.15.6％,P =0.04;17.1％ vs.8.6 ％,P =0.04;13.4％ vs.8.3 ％,P =0.03).No significant difference was found in the 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rate of patients and kidneys between the two groups after operation (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of postoperative infection,DGF and adverse events is higher in DM patients.The DM does not affect the survival rate of patients/kidneys through appropriate treatment.It is important to prevent complications in DM patients after renal transplantation.

Objective To investigate the potential risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population in the community, and to provide a basis for the primary prevention of MCI. Methods A cross-sectional study of elderly population in communities of Shanghai, China was conducted. A total of 368 subjects including both males and females, aged 65-80 years old, were selected to complete the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), basic information questionnaires, and physical examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the potential risk factors of MCI. Results Of the 368 subjects participating in the study, 53 were found to have MCI and the prevalence rate was 14.4%. Univariate analysis found that older age, low education, no folic acid supplementation, stroke, osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia were risk factors of MCI. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age [OR=1.146 (95%CI: 1.052-1.249)] and osteoporosis [OR=2.371 (95%CI: 1.042-5.396)] were the independent risk factors for MCI, while higher education [OR=0.073 (95%CI: 0.011-0.478)] was a protective factor. Age influenced all the aspects of MMSE scores (all P values <0.05). In addition, the analysis of the results suggested that subjects with regular folic acid supplementation got higher MMSE scores, especially in the aspect of language and praxis (P=0.002). On the contrary, patients with osteoporosis had lower attention and computing power scores (P=0.022). Conclusion The prevalence of MCI increased with age. Low education and osteoporosis may be the independent risk factors for MCI in the elderly population. Although no association was observed between folic acid supplementation and MCI, folic acid supplementation could improve the performance of language and praxis.

OBJECTIVE：To prepare Imperatorin ultradeformable liposomes gel （IMP-UDLs-Gel），and to evaluate its quality. METHODS：Based on single factor test ，using 12 h accumulative penetration amount （Q12h）as evaluation index ，the proportion of carbomer 940，glycerol and propyl glycol in formulation of IMP-UDLs-Gel were investigated by orthogonal test. The optimal formulation was screened. The quality of IMP-UDLs-Gel prepared with the optimal formulation was evaluated. RESULTS ：The optimal formulation of IMP-UDLs-Gel included carbomer 940 proportion of 1％，glycerol proportion of 15％ and propyl glycol proportion of 10％. Q12 h of IMP-UDLs-Gel was （11.543±0.241）μg/cm2；the appearance was milky white and translucent ；the particle size was （93.13±1.68）nm，PDI was 0.268±0.012，Zeta potential was （－24.96±1.99）mV；pH was 7.32±0.03； viscosity was （45.37±1.27）g·s；steady flow was （0.727±0.002）μg·h/cm2，lag time was （4.358±0.175）h，apparent permeability coefficient was 1.392×10－3 cm/h，and it has good physical and optical stability. CONCLUSIONS ：The preparation method is stable and feasible ，and the prepared IMP-UDLs-Gel has good adhesion ，stability and transdermal property.