Objective To observe the effect of several residual adhesive methods on the enamel surface ,and conduct lab evalua-tion .Methods Sixty premolars extracted because of orthodontic treatment .And all the teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups . Group 1:tungsten carbide burs + silicon particles ;Group 2 :ultrasonic scaling + silicon particles ;Group 3:silicon particles ,each with 20 premolars .After underwent several methods ,the surface roughness differences ,operation time were determined and ob-served with the scanning electron microscope .And the result was statistically analyzed .Results There were significant differences in the surface roughness and operation time among the three groups (P<0 .05) ,The scanning electron microscope after polishing showed that the teeth surface had different degrees of injury ,the silica particles group had less superficial scratch .Conclusion The tungsten carbide burs and ultrasonic instrument for debonding before the silica particles had less superficial scratch .

Objective:To study the surface structure and antibacterial property of Ag-containing coating(AgCC)on casting cobalt chromium alloy(Co-Cr).Methods:Plasma spraying technique was adopted to prepare AgCC on Co-Cr.Scanning electron microsco-py,energy dispersive analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate the surface properties.The antibacterial effects of AgCC against staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans were examined by film attachment method.Fluorescence microscope was a-dopted to evaluate the bacteria adhesion property.Results:AgCC surface was uniform and compact,combined perfectly with sub-strate material.The content of the surface was mainly Ag,Cr and a small amount of Ag2 O and Cr2 O3 .The results of antibacterial as-say showed that on AgCC the number of bacterial colony was fewer(P<0.05)and bacterial adhesion was less than those on Co-Cr(P<0.05).Conclusion:AgCC surface was stable and has antibacterial property.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of alendronate on the expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in mouse osteoblasts.

METHODSMouse calvarial osteoblasts cultured in vitro were identified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and immunofluorescence assay of OPG and RANKL expressions. The second passage of the osteoblasts were treated with different concentrations of alendronate (10(-4) to 10(-7) mol/L) for 48 h, and the changes in OPG and RANKL mRNA and protein expressions were examined using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSThe isolated osteoblasts were positive for ALP and expressed OPG and RANKL. Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that at the concentration of 1×10(-4) mol/L, alendronate caused an obvious down-regulation of OPG and RANKL expressions in the cells, whereas at lower concentrations, alendronate increased the expressions of both genes with the highest expressions occurring after treatment with 1×10(-5) mol/L.

CONCLUSIONHigh concentrations of alendronate (>1×10(-4) mol/L) decrease the expressions of OPG and RANKL, whereas low concentrations (1×10(-5) to 1×10(-7) mol/L) increase their expressions in mouse osteoblasts cultured in vitro.

Alendronate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the influence of depression severity, disease course, treatment status, and other factors on cognitive function in adolescents with depressive disorders. Methods: Participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic data of each participant were recorded, including age, sex, and family history of mental disorders. Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to assess depression status in adolescents. Moreover, P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) were used to objectively evaluate the participants’ cognitive function. Results: Only 26.8% of the adolescents with depression received standard antidepressant treatment. The latencies of N2 (267.80±23.34 ms), P3 (357.71±32.09 ms), and MMN (212.10±15.61 ms) in the adolescent depression group were longer than those in the healthy control group (p<0.01). Further analysis revealed that the latency of MMN was extended with increased levels of depression in adolescents.The MMN latency was short in participants with depression receiving standardized treatment. Furthermore, the latency of MMN was positively correlated with the severity and duration of depression (correlation coefficients were 0.465 and 0.479, respectively) (p<0.01). Conclusion Receiving standardized treatment and shortening the course of depression can reduce cognitive impairment in adolescents with depression.

AlM: The Chinese medicinal herb Hanfangji is dried roots of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (Family, Menispermaceae). Tetrandrine and fangchinoline are two major constituents of Hanfangji and these bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids possess anti - cancer and other pharmacological activities. To facilitate further pharmacodynamic investigation of these compounds, a pharmacokinetic investigation was performed in rats and in vitro. METHODS: Pharmacokinetics of tetrandrine and fangchinoline were characterized in rats p.o. or i.v. dosing an aqueous extract of Hanfangji or the individual compound. Unbound levels of systemic exposure to these two alkaloids were assessed using in vitro studies of plasma protein binding, blood-plasma partition, and lysosomal trapping. All the study samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTS: We found two pharmacokinetic features of tetrandrine and fangchinoline. First, the two compounds had blood levels of systemic exposure substantially higher than the respective plasma levels of systemic exposure. Second, the two compounds exhibited significantly higher systemic exposure levels after p.o. dosing an aqueous extract of Hanfangji than the respective exposure levels after p.o. dosing the individual compound, at the same compound dose levels and under the same conditions for analytical measurement and the same conditions for animal study. Unbound fractions of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in rat plasma were 2%-5% and the concentrations of the alkaloids in rat erythrocytes were 5-times higher than those in rat plasma. Lysosomal inhibitor could block their trapping in lysosomes and significantly reduce their concentrations in HEK-293 cells. CONCLUSlON: The following pharmacokinetic aspects should be noted in pharmacodynamic investigation of tetrandrine and fangchinoline: extensive binding with plasma proteins, extensive binding with erythrocytes, and trapping by lysosomes of tissue cells substantially reduce the levels of unbound tetrandrine and fangchinoline in the systemic circulation.