Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the inulinase gene (inu) from Kluyveromyces marxianus was investigated. The inu native and pgk promoters were used to drive the expression of the inu gene, and the inulinase was expressed as an extracellular enzyme. All positive clones (confirmed by PCR) were able to express inulinase as measured by enzyme activity in the culture supernatant, among which two clones HI6/6 and HPI6/3 were selected, and their inulinase activity and ethanol fermentation performance were compared with their wild type. The inulinase activities of 86 and 23.8 U/mL were achieved, which were 4.6-fold and 1.5-fold higher than that of the wild type. Furthermore, ethanol fermentation was carried out with the recombinants and medium containing 200 g/L raw Jerusalem artichoke meal, and ethanol concentrations of 55 g/L and 52 g/L were obtained, with ethanol yields of 0.495 and 0.453, respectively, equivalent to 96.9% and 88.6% of the theoretical value.
Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glycoside Hydrolases ; genetics ; secretion ; Helianthus ; metabolism ; Kluyveromyces ; genetics ; Metabolic Engineering ; methods ; Plant Tubers ; metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; enzymology ; genetics

Objective:To observe the changes of rapidly activated delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKs) and slowly activated delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKs) in cardiac hypertrophy and to evaluate the effects of IKs and IKs blocker on the incidence ofventricular arrhythmias in guinea pigs with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).Methods:Guinea pigs were divided into a sham operation group and a left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) group.LVH model was prepared.Whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKr and IKs tail currents in a guinea pig model with LVH.The changes of QTc and the incidence rate of ventricular arrhythmias in LVH guinea pigs were observed by using the IKr and IKs blockers.Results:Compared with cardiac cells in the control group,the interventricular septal thickness at end systole (IVSs),left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end systole (LVPWs),QTc interval and cell capacitance in guinea pigs with LVH were significantly increased (P＜0.05);while IKs densities were significantly reduced [+60 mV:(0.36±0.03) pA/pF vs (0.58±0.05) pA/pF,P＜0.01].However,LVH exerted no significant effect on IKr densities.IKr blocker markedly prolonged the QTc interval (P＜0.01) and increased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in guinea pigs with LVH compared with the control guinea pigs.In contrast,IKs blocker produced modest increase in QTc interval in guinea pigs of control group with no increase in LVH animals.IKs blocker did not induce ventricular arrhythmias incidence in either control or LVH animals.Conclusion:The cardiac hypertrophy-induced arrhythmogenesis is due to the down-regulation of IKs.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.