Biochemistry is a very important basic course for biology and medical disciplines, and it is one of the most rapidly developing and dynamic disciplines since the 21st century. Since theoretical teaching of biochemistry is very abstract, experiment teaching is an important part of understanding relevant theories and mastering practical skills. In the process of experiment teaching, it is always a key concern for teachers to keep abreast of new teaching concepts, new teaching methods, new teaching hotspots, and keep up with teaching trends. To this end, in this paper, the annual number of published papers, periodical distribution, research keywords, current status of research, hotspots and development trends of biochemical experiment teaching and research in China from 2011. 1. 1 to 2020. 12. 31 were visualized and analyzed by using CiteSpace with China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as the data source. It was found that the number of articles published in each year remained basically stable, and the high frequency words were " biochemistry", " experimental teaching", " teaching reform", " biochemistry experiment", " reform", " teaching method", " innovation ability" and " teaching mode". The words with higher intensity are " flipped classroom" and " microlearning". Through timeline analysis, we found that the identities of " teaching" and " learning" are being exchanged, and improving students' independent learning ability has become the mainstream. The teaching mode combining advanced technology such as " virtual simulation" and " online teaching" has become the development trend and frontier of biochemistry experiment teaching. This paper aims to provide reference for the sustainable development of biochemistry experiment teaching in China through the above analysis.

BACKGROUND: With the wide application of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric neoplasms, metachronous gastric neoplasms (MGN) have gradually become a concern. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of MGN and evaluate the treatment and follow-up outcomes of MGN patients. METHODS: A total of 814 patients were retrospectively enrolled. All these patients were treated by ESD for early gastric cancer or gastric dysplasia between November 2006 and September 2019 at The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. The risk factors for MGN were analyzed using Cox hazard proportional model. Moreover, the cumulative incidence, the correlation of initial lesions and MGN lesions, and the treatment and follow-up outcomes of MGN patients were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 4.5% (37/814) of patients had MGN after curative ESD. The 3-, 5-, and 7-year cumulative incidences of MGN were 3.5%, 5.1%, and 6.9%, respectively, and ultimately reaching a plateau of 11.3% at 99 months after ESD. There was no significant correlation between initial lesions and MGN lesions in terms of gross type (P = 0.178), location (long axis: P = 0.470; short axis: P = 0.125), and histological type (P = 0.832). Cox multivariable analysis found that initial multiplicity was the only independent risk factor of MGN (hazard ratio: 4.3, 95% confidence interval: 2.0-9.4, P < 0.001). Seventy-three percent of patients with MGN were treated by endoscopic resection. During follow-up, two patients with MGN died of gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis. The disease-specific survival rate was significantly lower in patients with MGN than that in patients without MGN (94.6% vs. 99.6%, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The MGN rate gradually increased with follow-up time within 99 months after curative gastric ESD. Thus, regular and long-term surveillance endoscopy may be helpful, especially for patients with initial multiple neoplasms.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ; Gastric Mucosa/surgery* ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveTo study the changes of body composition indexes reflecting muscle condition for stroke hemiplegic patients after isokinetic strength training. MethodsFrom January, 2021 to April, 2022, 30 stroke inpatients with hemiplegia in Beichen Hospital of Nankai University were randomly divided into control group (n = 15) and isokinetic group (n = 15). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation training, while the isokinetic group accepted isokinetic strength training of shoulder and elbow on the affected side in addition. All patients were tested the lean body mass, affected upper arm muscle circumference, affected upper limb muscle mass, edema index, skeletal muscle index before, and two weeks and four weeks after training. ResultsCompared with the control group, the edema index decreased in isokinetic group after training (t > 2.536, P < 0.05); the affected upper limb muscle mass increased more in the isokinetic group four weeks after training (t = -2.750, P = 0.010). ConclusionIsokinetic training can reduce edema and muscular disuse atrophy of the affected side for stroke patients with hemiplegia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of acupuncture combined with early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients with postoperative laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with postoperative laparoscopic bile duct exploration was randomized using sealed envelopes and assigned to the convenitional, EEN, acupuncture plus convenitional and acupuncture plus EEN groups, 50 cases in each group. Twelve hours after operation, the patients in EEN groups began to receive oral enteral nutrition, and the acupuncture approach was performed by acupuncturist in acupuncture plus conventional and acupuncture plus EEN groups. Acupuncture was given at Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37) and Xiajuxu (ST 39) with a depth of 15-20 mm, using the lifting-thrusting and twisting method to obtain Deqi sensation. The needles were maintained for 30 min. Treatment was given once daily, 3 times per section. After the intervention, the patients' characteristics, operation time, bleeding volume, postoperative time to first anal exhaust, postoperative complications including abdominal distension, diarrhea, gastric dilatation, intestinal obstruction, pharyngodynia, incision, abdominal and pulmonary infection and postoperative hospitalization days were assessed and compared in patients among 4 groups. RESULTS: Postoperative time to first anal exhaust in the convenitional group was longer compared with the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and was shorter in the acupuncture plus EEN group than those of the convenitional, acupuncture plus convenitional and EEN groups (P<0.01). The acupuncture plus EEN group showed significant decrease in the incidence of complications and less postoperative hospitalization days compared with the other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no readmission. CONCLUSION After laparoscopic bile duct exploration, acupuncture combined with EEN treatment significantly improves the patients' gastrointestinal function, reduces complications, and shortens postoperative hospitalization days.

Aim To construct a drug delivery system of osthole loaded by exosomes. Methods Osthole could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by literature. SKOV3 cells were treated with 80 (µnol • L

Transpapillary biliary drainage is important for the endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis and its complications. The benefits of various drainage approaches are worth considering. This article discusses the benefits and drawbacks of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) in endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis under different pathological conditions. According to research, although both drainage methods are equally safe and effective, ENBD plays an important role in emergency biliary drainage, while ERBD has advantages in the medium-and long-term treatment of refractory choledocholithiasis. With the ongoing evolution of biliary drainage in endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis, ERBD has a promising future due to its small diameter, pigtail type, self-shedding or biodegradable characteristics.

Objective　We used proteomics technologies in an attempt to differentiate and identify histological proteins that were associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaques and further understanding of the pathogenesis. Methods　Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were obtained from the patients who undergo carotid endarterectomy in the Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. Plaques divided into two groups：stable group and unstable group. We comparatively analyzed the proteome of 10 unstable plaques and 10 stable plaques. The differentially expressed proteins were visualized by two dimensional electrophoresis（2DE）and were analyzed by a coupled label-free and mass spectrometry approach. The protein identification program was used to search the Uniprot. Results　A total of 1240 different proteins were identified by label-free and mass spectrometry. A total of 808 proteins were upregulated，and 432 proteins were downregulated in unstable plaques group compared to stable plaques group. They are referring to signal transduction，lipid transport and metabolism，posttranslational modification，cytoskeleton and Proteolysis. Conclusion　Proteomics analysis can be used to investigated differentially expressed proteins. However，Additional confirmatory studies are required to elucidated their role in the atherosclerotic process.

Objective : This study ai ms to evaluate the expression of autophagy-related protein cancer phosphatase and tensinhomology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3) and investigate its significance in tongue squamous cell carcin oma (TSCC). Methods : About 46 TSCC samples, 13 cases of precancerous lesion and 13 cases of adjacent tissues were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the expression of PTEN, MAP1LC3. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the associations among clinic pathologic parameters. Results : The positive expression rate of PTEN (34.78%) in TSCC was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (69.23%, χ2 = 4.926, P = 0.026) and precancerous lesions (76.92%, χ2 = 7.302, P = 0.007). The positive expression rate of MAP1LC3 (28.26%) in TSCC was significantly lower than that of adjacent tissues (61.53%, χ2 = 4.896, P = 0.027) and precancerous lesions (69.23%, χ2 = 7.275, P = 0.007), the difference was statistically significant. The expression of PTEN and MAP1LC3 was not correlated with age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption and cell differentiation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of PTEN and MAP1LC3 in subgroup with different clinical stage and in subgroup with or without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). There is a significant difference in the tumor recurrence between PTEN protein expression positive subgroup and PTEN protein expression negative subgroup (χ2 = 4.629,P = 0.039), and there was no significant difference in the tumor recurrence between MAP1LC3 protein expression positive subgroup and MAP1LC3 protein expression negative subgroup (χ2 = 0.343,P = 0.453). There was a positive correlation between PTEN and MAP1LC3. Conclusion The expression of PTEN and MAP1LC3 suggested that autophagy associated proteins play a pivotal role in the progression, diagnosis and prognosis of TSCC. Down-regulation of PTEN and MAP1LC3 was observed in TSCC.

Lysine acetylation has emerged as one of the most important post-translational modifications that participates in various biological and pathological processes. Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) as the first identified protein ε-amino lysine acetyltransferase is able to regulate the acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. However‚ the acetylation substrates and sites mediated by HAT1 in liver cancer are poorly understood. In this study‚ we demonstrated that HAT1 was highly expressed in the liver cancer tissues‚ which was negatively associated with the prognosis of patients. Based on the establishment of the HAT1-knockout HepG2 cell line‚ we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to study the profiling of acetylation mediated by HAT1 in HepG2 cells. Interestingly‚ we identified a total of 858 Kac sites on 547 proteins in the HepG2 cell line‚ in which HAT1 mediated the levels of Kac of 74 sites on 68 proteins. The pathways and metabolic processes that were affected by HAT1-dependent acetylation modification were analyzed by bioinformatics. The results show that Kac regulates disease development‚ RNA biology‚ spliceosome and nucleosome assembly‚ oxidative stress‚ various signaling pathways and metabolic pathways‚ etc.. Moreover‚ we verified that the HAT1-mediated acetylation modification could promote abnormal lipid metabolism. CCK8 assays‚ clone formation and Edu assays revealed that HAT1 could remarkably enhance the cell proliferation of liver cancer in vitro. Thus‚ our finding explored the profiling of HAT1-mediated protein acetylation in HepG2 cells‚ which provides new insights into the underlying mechanism by which HAT1 mediates the development of liver cancer. Clinically‚ the HAT1-mediated acetylation sites could be used for the precise targets of drug development.

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study is to investigate with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) the tooth length of permanent upper canines near the cleft area in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip palate (UCLP) and to compare the findings with its contralateral tooth, including full length, crown length, root length and top root ratio. Meanwhile, the teeth near the cleft area having anomalies are also recorded.

METHODSA sample of 20 patients with complete UCLP who accepted the CBCT scan were selected. The raw data were constructed along the longitudinal axis of the upper canines, and the full lengths, crown lengths, root lengths of upper canines of all patients were measured using 3 -D measurement software associated to CBCT. The fall lengths, crown lengths, root lengths and top root ratios of the upper canines accepted paired-t test. The anterior teeth near the cleft area having anomalies and positions of the clefts were also recorded.

RESULTSThe fall lengths, root lengths and top root ratios of the upper canines had statistical difference between the cleft side and non-cleft side (P < 0.01), except the crown lengths (P > 0.05). 20 lateral incisors near the cleft area had anomalies (100%).

CONCLUSIONThe lengths of upper canines on the cleft side are shorter than those of the non-cleft side, and the root lengths are affected more. The teeth near the cleft side prove to be abnormal, especially the lateral incisors.