OBJECTIVETo compare shear bond strength (SBS) between composite resin core (CRC) disposed with three different surface treatments and glass ionomer cement (GIC), so that to provide theoretical basis for luting of crowns to CRC.

METHODSAccording to three different surface treatments, thirty blocks of CRC were randomly and equally divided into three groups: Roughening with diamond grit bur(RDB), RDB plus etching with Gluma Etch 35 Gel (RDBE), RDB plus coating with Adper Single Bond2 adhensive (RDBA). All CRC were cemented with GIC. All specimens were preserved in 37 degrees C water for 24 h, then SBS tests for eight specimens in each group were performed using a universal testing machine at a constant crosshead speed of 0.5 mm x min(-1). The surface topography of one CRC of each group was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) at 100 amplification. The interface between CRC and GIC was observed using FE-SEM at 500 amplification. Then the nature of failure was also recorded using FE-SEM at 25 amplification and the data were analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis H test.

RESULTSThe surface topography of each group and the interface between CRC and GIC observed using FE-SEM were significantly different, but significant differences on the nature of failure between groups were not found (P > 0.10). SBS of each group was (4.28 +/- 0.18) MPa for RDB, (4.65 +/- 0.17) MPa for RDBE, (2.39 +/- 0.21) MPa for RDBA, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe SBS between CRC and GIC is affected by the surface treatments of CRC.

Composite Resins ; Crowns ; Dental Bonding ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Materials Testing ; Resin Cements ; Surface Properties

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression level of HBV cccDNA in patients in the convalescence stage of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure （HBV-ACLF） and its correlation with HBV markers and liver histopathological changes. MethodsA total of 30 patients in the convalescence stage of HBV-ACL who were hospitalized in The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang from January 2015 to October 2023 were enrolled as liver failure group， and 9 patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB）， matched for sex and age， were enrolled as control group. The content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue was measured， and its correlation with clinical data and laboratory markers was analyzed. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and a one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups； the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was performed. ResultsThe liver failure group had a significantly lower content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue than the control group （-0.92±0.70 log₁₀ copies/cell vs -0.13±0.91 log₁₀ copies/cell， t=2.761， P=0.009）. In the liver failure group， there was no significant difference in the content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue between the HBeAg-positive patients and the HBeAg-negative patients （P>0.05）； there was no significant difference in the content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue between the patients with different grades （G0-G2， G3， and G4） of liver inflammatory activity （P>0.05）； there was no significant difference in the content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue between the patients with different stages （S0-S2， S3， and S4） of liver fibrosis （P>0.05）； there was no significant difference in the content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue between the patients with negative HBV DNA and those with positive HBV DNA （P>0.05）. For the liver failure group， the content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue was positively correlated with the content of HBV DNA in liver tissue （r=0.426， P=0.043） and was not significantly correlated with the content of HBV DNA in serum （P>0.05）. ConclusionThere is a significant reduction in the content of HBV cccDNA in liver tissue in the convalescence stage of HBV-ACLF. HBV cccDNA exists continuously and stably in liver tissue and can better reflect the persistent infection and replication of HBV than HBV DNA in serum and liver tissue.

In view of the problems of more artificial interventions and segmentation defects in existing two-dimensional segmentation methods and abnormal liver segmentation errors in three-dimensional segmentation methods, this paper presents a semi-automatic liver organ segmentation method based on the image sequence context. The method takes advantage of the existing similarity between the image sequence contexts of the prior knowledge of liver organs, and combines region growing and level set method to carry out semi-automatic segmentation of livers, along with the aid of a small amount of manual intervention to deal with liver mutation situations. The experiment results showed that the liver segmentation algorithm presented in this paper had a high precision, and a good segmentation effect on livers which have greater variability, and can meet clinical application demands quite well.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo understand the possibility of estimating the anti-inflammation effect of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (LWW) in rat by having developed HPLC-UV metabonomic technology.

METHODThe hydrophilic or lipophilic constituent group of LWW was extracted by distilled water or acetic ether respectively. The anti-inflammation effects of different LWW dosages and extractions were measured by traditional method respectively. Then, metabonomic analysis was performed.

RESULTThe high dosage of LWW extraction (16.5 g x kg(-1))could inhibit the swell of rat palm significantly, but there are not statistically significant effect of low dosage group. Nevertheless, the metabonomic study showed that LWW extraction could restore obviously the rat HPLC-UV urinary profiling disturbed by inflammation in low dosage, especially the hydrophilic constituent group.

CONCLUSIONOur study indicated that the developed metabonomic technology based on HPLC-UV might be used as a potentially powerful tool for estimating the anti-inflammation effect of LWW with sensitivity and integrity.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications

Epilepsy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; complications ; congenital

Objective: To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (AP) on cardiac dysfunction in rabbits with severe scald injury. Methods: Sixty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into pure scald group and AP group according to the random number table, with 32 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in the two groups were all inflicted with 30% total body surface area full-thickness scald on the back. Immediately after injury, rabbits in two groups were intraperitoneally injected with lactated Ringer′s solution once for antishock. Rabbits in AP group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL AP solution with the dosage of 200 mg/kg 10 min after injury and the following 6 days respectively, once a day. Rabbits in pure scald group were injected with 10 mL normal saline instead. Eight rabbits of each group were respectively selected before injury hour (BIH) 1 and on post injury day(PID) 1, 3, 7, and 14 to collect blood samples from ear marginal vein, and then sacrificed immediately to collect hearts at each time point post injury. The morphology of myocardium was observed after HE staining. The serum content of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum content of aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), CK isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected by fully automatic chemistry analyzer. The content of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) in serum and myocardium was detected with radioimmunoassay and the content of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in serum and myocardium was detected by ELISA. Another 8 normal rabbits were sacrificed to detect the content of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in the myocardium as the value of the two groups of scalded rabbits at BIH 1. The serum content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by ELISA. The values of whole blood viscosity (ηb), reductive viscosity of whole blood (ηr), plasma viscosity (ηp), hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte rigidity index (TK), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected by fully automatic hematology analyzer. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design, independent sample t test, and Dunnett test. Results: (1) Compared with those in pure scald group, the degrees of cardiomyocyte swelling, steatosis, necrosis and rupture of muscle fiber were significantly alleviated in rabbits of AP group on PID 1 and 3. There was no obvious increase in cell size, no breakage of muscle fiber or infiltration of inflammatory cells in myocardial interstitium on PID 7. The myocardial tissue structure and muscle fiber arrangement returned to normal condition on PID 14, with no interstitial fibroblast hyperplasia or excessive extra cellular matrix deposition. (2) Serum content of cTnI, CK, and LDH of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group on PID 1, 3, and 7 (with t values from 2.69 to 13.99, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the two groups on PID 14 (with t values from -0.32 to 0.68, P values above 0.05). Serum content of AST and CK-MB of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group on PID 1 and 3 (with t values from 2.21 to 12.65, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the two groups on PID 7 and 14 (with t values from 0.03 to 1.67, P values above 0.05). (3) Serum content of Ang Ⅱ of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group from PID 1 to 14 (with t values from 3.38 to 32.58, P values below 0.01). Serum content of ET-1 of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group from PID 3 to 14 (with t values from 3.54 to 11.02, P values below 0.01), while there was no obvious difference on PID 1 (t=0.39, P>0.05). Content of Ang Ⅱ and ET-1 in myocardial tissue of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group from PID 1 to 7 (with t values from 1.27 to 13.79, P values below 0.01), while there was no obvious difference on PID 14 (with t values respectively 0.07 and 0.81, P values above 0.05). (4) Serum content of SOD of rabbits in AP group was respectively (15.65±2.64), (14.67±0.74), and (8.43±0.56) ng/mL on PID 1, 3, and 7, which was significantly higher than (6.35±0.83), (2.62±0.75), and (2.84±0.41) ng/mL in pure scald group (with t values from -29.79 to -9.10, P values below 0.01); while there was no obvious difference on PID 14 [with (4.02±0.26) ng/mL in pure scald group and (4.11±0.52) ng/mL in AP group, t=-0.01, P>0.05]. Serum content of MDA of rabbits in AP group was respectively (1.31±0.61), (1.72±0.64), and (0.65±0.42) μmol /mL on PID 1, 3, and 7, which was significantly lower than (1.68±0.57), (2.34±0.79), and (1.06±0.32) μmol/mL in pure scald group (with t values from 1.63 to 3.16, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there was no obvious difference on PID 14 [with (0.31±0.09) μmol/mL in pure scald group and (0.24±0.08) μmol/mL in AP group, t=2.11, P>0.05]. (5) Values of ηb1 and EAI of rabbits in AP group were significantly lower than those in pure scald group from PID 1 to 7 (with t values from 2.718 to 11.170, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there were no obvious differences on PID 14 (with t values respectively 2.078 and -1.423, P values above 0.05). Values of ηb2 and ηr2 of rabbits in AP group were significantly lower than those in pure scald group on PID 3 and 7 (with t values from 2.178 to 19.205, P<0.05 or P<0.01), while there were no obvious differences on PID 1 and 14 (with t values from -0.730 to 1.320, P values above 0.05 ). Values of ηr1 and ESR of rabbits in AP group were significantly lower than those in pure scald group on PID 3, 7, and 14 (with t values from 3.021 to 8.058, P values below 0.01), while there were no obvious differences on PID 1 (with t values respectively 1.200 and 1.263, P values above 0.05 ). Value of ηp of rabbits in AP group was significantly lower than that in pure scald group on PID 1 (t=2.430, P<0.05), while there were no obvious differences on PID 3, 7, and 14 (with t values from 0.002 to 1.446, P values above 0.05 ). Value of HCT of rabbits in AP group was close to that in pure scald group on PID 1 (t=1.079, P>0.05), and the values were significantly lower than those in pure scald group on PID 3 and 14 (with t values respectively 3.849 and 4.208, P values below 0.01), while the value was significantly higher than that in pure scald group on PID 7 (t=-4.925, P<0.01). Value of TK of rabbits in AP group was lower than that in pure scald group on PID 7 (t=2.847, P<0.05), while there were no obvious differences on PID 1, 3, and 14 (with t values from -1.102 to 0.875, P values above 0.05). Conclusions AP can alleviate the damage of myocardium of rabbits with severe scald by reducing the production of vasoactive substances Ang Ⅱ and ET-1, decreasing oxidative stress injury by increasing the content of SOD and decreasing the production of MDA, improving blood flow performance and microcirculation perfusion.

Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Osteosarcoma/pathology* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Cell Proliferation ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology* ; Cell Movement ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Fermentum Rubrum（FR） is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with dual-use functions of medicine and food， which has been used for more than 1 000 years. By referring to the ancient herbal classics and modern laws and regulations， the author sorted out the origin of FR， sorted out the development of processing， and analyzed the problems existing in the quality standard， aiming to provide a basis for further research and development of FR. There are many theories about the origin of FR. After summarizing and sorting out the relevant literature， three viewpoints are mainly drawn， including Han dynasty origin theory， Wei and Jin origin theory and Tang dynasty origin theory. After synthesizing the views of various schools， it is believed that the origin of FR should be no later than the Eastern Han dynasty. FR is made from rice by fermentation， which has the effect of strengthening the spleen， eliminating food， promoting blood circulation and removing stasis after fermentation. Although the natural fermentation in ancient times has been able to pay attention to the influence of temperature， humidity and strain on the quality of FR， due to the low level of science and technology， there are still problems such as complicated and cumbersome process， large workload and high labor cost. To the pure fermentation in modern times， the fermentation processing method of FR has been evolved， gradually improved and perfected. However， due to the lack of standardized research， there is no unified standard for the fermentation process of FR in various regions， and the quality standard lags behind seriously， which leads to the unstable product quality on the market. Among the 15 specifications for the preparation of FR， only 6 have been published in the past 5 years， and most of them have not been revised in a timely manner， and some of them have not been included in the updated version. Based on this， it is recommended to carry out a systematic study on processing technology of FR， and the best process is selected to accelerate the revision and improvement of its standardization， so as to improve the quality of FR sold in the market and promote its stable and sustainable development.