Livin,a novel member of human inhibitor of apoptosis protein family,is highly expressed in various malignant tumors. It plays an important role in the initiation,development,treatment and prognosis of tumors.Many studies have proved that down-regulation of Livin expression using RNA interference technique can reduce tumor growth,increase the apoptotic rate,and sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemo therapy.Full-length Livin is cleaved by the effector caspases to produce a truncated form (tLivin) with apoptosis-promotion activity.tLivin provides a new direction for the treatment of the malignant tumors.

Objective:To observe the change of periphery and centra lymphocyte subsets at the crest-time of MOG_(35-55) induced EAE disease in mice,and to explore the alteration of cellular immunity and humoral immunity in the invasion process in EAE.Methods:MOG_(35-55) was used to establish EAE model in femina C57BL/6 mice.The behavioral changes and the histological scores were recorded after the mice were immuned .The changes of CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+,CD4~+CD25~+ and B220~+ on periphery and centra lymphocytes in spleen,brain and spinal cord were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+,CD4~+CD25~+ and B220~+ lymphocytes were detected in the brain and spinal cord of EAE group mice,but they were not detected in CFA control group.The CD3~+CD4~+ and CD3+CD8+lymphocytes in the spleen of EAE crest-time group were lower than those in CFA control group(P＜0.05).The B220~+ lymphocytes were obviously higher than in the CFA control group (P＜0.01).And CD4~+CD25~+ lymphocytes were slight higher than the CFA control group.Conclusion:At the crest-time during EAE,the CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+lymphocytes of spleen reduced obviously,B220~+ lymphocytes increased markedly,and the CD4~+CD25~+ lymphocytes just have the increasing trend.It indicates that cellular immunity and humoral immunity coregulated the patho-process at the crest-time of EAE,T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes all played important roles in the pathogenesy of EAE.

Objective:To explore the effects of the γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) neurons and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc)-lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) neural pathway on the rewarding feeding(palatable food sweat condensed milk) in the obesity rats.Methods:Total 142 male Wistar rats of SPF grade were divided into normal diet (ND) group ( n=68) and high-fat diet induced obesity (DIO) group ( n=74) according to the principle of body mass matching. The rats in the two groups were given normal diet and high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Eight weeks later, 6 DIO rats were randomly selected to observe the nerve projection from GABA neurons in NAc to MCH neurons in LHA by fluorogold retrograde tracing combined fluorescence immunohistochemistry. And the expressions of c-Fos and MCH in LHA after ingestion of sweet condensed milk(rewarding feeding) were observed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry (6 rats in each group). GABA receptor agonist Musimol or GABA receptor antagonist Bicuculine was microinjected into the nucleus of LHA to observe the effect of GABA on rewarding food intake in ND and DIO rats ( n=8 in each group), and the changes of rewarding food intake after blocking MCH signal ( n=8 in each group). SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for comparison among multiple groups, and t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results:After 8 weeks of high-fat diet modeling, the intake of delicious food in DIO rats was significantly higher than that in ND rats((12.52±2.29) mL, (7.45±1.23) mL, t=4.778, P<0.01) after satiety.The results of fluorogold retrograde tracing combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that GABA neurons in NAc projected nerve fibers to neurons in LHA, and GABA A receptors in some neurons in LHA coexisted with MCH.The results of NAc-LHA pathway on delicious food intake showed that the interaction between rat group and drug intervention was significant( F=9.869, P<0.01). Simple effect analysis showed that the intake of delicious food after microinjection of Musimol into LHA nucleus of ND rats was significantly lower than that of microinjection normal saline ((4.25±1.38) mL, (7.29±1.49) mL, P<0.01), while the intake of delicious food after injection of Bicuculine was significantly higher than that of microinjection normal saline((10.72±2.11) mL, (7.29±1.49) mL, P<0.05). The intake of delicious food after microinjection of Musimol into LHA nucleus in DIO group was significantly lower than that of microinjection normal saline((3.51±1.77)mL, (13.68±2.95) mL, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between microinjection Bicuculine and microinjection normal saline ((14.83±3.44) mL, (13.68±2.95) mL, P>0.05). The results of blocking MCH signal on delicious food intake showed that the interaction effect between SNAP-94847 and Bicuculine intervention was not significant ( F=1.468, P>0.05). The main effect of SNAP-94847 intervention was significant ( F=15.880, P<0.01)and the main effect of Bicuculine intervention was significant ( F=6.930, P<0.05). After intracerebroventricular injection of MCH receptor blocker SNAP-94847, the delicious food intake of ND rats was significantly less than that of injection normal saline((4.78±1.72) mL, (7.63±2.77) mL, P<0.05), and it was not affected by pre injection of Bicuculine in LHA ((6.24±2.18) mL, (4.78±1.72) mL, P>0.05). In the DIO rats, the interaction effect between SNAP-94847 and Bicuculine intervention was not significant( F=0.006, P>0.05). The main effect of SNAP-94847 intervention was significant ( F=18.46, P<0.01) and the main effect of Bicuculine intervention was not significant ( F=2.059, P>0.05). After intracerebroventricular injection of MCH receptor blocker SNAP-94847, the delicious food intake of DIO rats was significantly lower than that of injection normal saline((6.89±2.11) mL, (12.19±4.36) mL, P<0.05), and it was not affected by pre injection of Bicuculine in LHA ((8.72±2.26) mL, (6.89±2.11) mL, P>0.05). Conclusion:GABAergic signal in NAc can regulate the expression of MCH in neurons of LHA. In the DIO rats, the sensitivity of MCH neurons in LHA to satiety signal decreases and the hedonic feeding increases.

Objective:To evaluate the distribution characteristics of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in macula among normal children using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and to investigate the influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Sixty-three children aged 6 to 12 years were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2021 to November 2021.Spherical equivalent refraction, axial length (AL) and other ocular biological parameters were measured.Macula-centered CVI and choroidal thickness (ChT) were measured by SS-OCT angiography.According to the ETDRS partition, the obtained image was divided into macular central fovea (0-1 mm diameter), inner ring (1-3 mm diameter) and outer ring (3-6 mm diameter) zones.Data from the right eye were selected for statistical analysis.CVI in the three rings and four zones (superior, temporal, inferior and nasal zones) of the inner and outer rings were compared.Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the correlation between CVI and sex, AL, anterior chamber depth (ACD), ChT and pupil diameter.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2021-KY-0399-003). Written informed consent was obtained from each guardian.Results:The average CVI in the macular central fovea, inner ring and outer ring were 0.35±0.12, 0.32±0.10 and 0.27±0.08, respectively, with a significant difference ( F=10.96, P<0.001), and significant differences in CVI were found in pairwise comparisons of the three ring zones (all at P<0.05). Significant differences in CVI were found among superior, temporal, inferior and nasal zones in inner and outer rings ( Fring=11.60, P=0.001; Fzone=12.02, P<0.05). The CVI was smaller in superior and nasal zones in inner ring than in temporal zone, greater in superior, temporal and inferior zones in outer ring than in nasal zone, smaller in superior zone of outer ring than that of the inner ring, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001). The single factor linear regression analysis showed that ChT in the fovea, inner ring and outer ring were the influencing factors of CVI in the three ring zones (all at β=0.001, P<0.001). Pupil diameter ( β=0.034, P=0.038; β=0.040, P=0.003; β=0.024, P=0.011) and ACD ( β=0.097, P=0.034; β=0.097, P=0.013; β=0.061, P=0.032) were the influencing factors of CVI in fovea, inner ring and outer ring.After multiple linear regression analysis, the regression equations were established as follows: CVI in the macular fovea=0.001×ChT in the macular fovea + 0.001×ChT in the inner ring+ 0.001×ChT in the outer ring-0.301 ( R2=0.514, F=6.875, P<0.001); CVI in the inner ring=0.001×ChT in the macular fovea+ 0.001×ChT in the inner ring+ 0.001×ChT in the outer ring+ 0.088×AL-0.307 ( R2=0.603, F=9.870, P<0.001); CVI in the outer ring=0.001×ChT in the macular fovea+ 0.001×ChT in the inner ring+ 0.001×ChT in the outer ring-0.135 ( R2=0.601, F=9.781, P<0.001). Conclusions:In children aged 6-12 years old, the CVI is higher in the macular central fovea than in inner and outer rings, and the CVI in nasal zone is the smallest in both inner and outer rings.The thicker the ChT, the higher the CVI in all zones in the macular area; the deeper the anterior chamber, the higher the CVI in the inner ring.