The traditional view that vitamin D is mainly involved in bone metabolism and calcium and phosphorus homeostasis,and bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis related.However,some recent studies have shown that vitamin D plays a key role in obstetrics and gynecology diseases,particularly,endometriosis and ovarian cancer,preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in polycystic ovary syndrome influence (PCOS).Advances in vitamin D article and on the relationship between gynecological and obstetrical diseases were reviewed.

The effects of linking loop structure between guanine ( G) repeats on G-quadruplex formation were investigated. The results show that the unfavorable effects of long linking loops on G-quadruplex formation can be overcome by introducing double-stranded structures in linking loop regions. This finding provides a new way for sensor design. The activity of G-quadruplex DNAzyme can be tuned by utilizing target-mediated formation of double-stranded structures in loops. As an example, T-T mismatches are introduced in loops to destroy double-stranded structures. The stabilization of Hg2+ to T-T mismatches promotes the reformation of double-stranded structures. Correspondingly, the oligonucleotide folds into G-quadruplex, which binds with hemin to form peroxidase-like G-quadruplex DNAzyme. Hg2+ sensor is designed based on this principle. Using this method, Hg2+ quantitation is achieved in the concentration range of 10-700 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 8. 7 nmol/L. Cysteine will compete with T bases to bind with Hg2+, releasing Hg2+from T-Hg2+-T base pairs. Thus cysteine can also be quantified with this system in the concentration range of 20-700 nmol/L, with a detection limit of 14 nmol/L.

AIM:To explore the protective effect of fasudil hydrochloride against cisplatin (CP)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition .METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into control group , CP group and CP+fasudil group .All animals were sacrificed 96 h after in-jection of 0.9%saline or CP .Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr) and morphological alteration of the kidneys , respectively.The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelium cells was detected by TUNEL.Protein levels of Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), PTEN and Akt were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry .The protein level of p-Akt was analyzed by Western blotting . RESULTS:Compared with control group , the sCr and BUN levels , the expression of ROCK 1 and PTEN and TUNEL-posi-tive cells were increased , while the level of p-Akt was decreased in CP group and CP +fasudil group .The histological structure of the kidneys observed by PAS staining was developed marked structural damage in CP group (P<0.05).Com-pared with CP group, sCr level, the expression of ROCK1 and PTEN and TUNEL-positive cells were decreased, while the level of p-Akt was increased in CP+fasudil group (P<0.05).Very little structural damage was detected in fasudil-treated groups .CONCLUSION:Fasudil hydrochloride has a protective effect on CP-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via Akt activation and PTEN inhibition 1.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D PDUS) in diagnosing cervical cancers.Methods 162 patients with cervical lesions were enrolled.All the cases were confirmed by autopsy or surgery.Vascularization index (VI),flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index(VFI) were all measured and compared.The pathological findings was taken as golden standard.ROC curve was used to find the best cut-off value.Results 3D PDUS indices of benign and malignant lesions were statistically different (P ＜0.0001).The best cut-off value of VI was 4.63 using ROC curves,the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.94,the sensitivity and specificity were 89.10％ and 86.30％,respectively.The best cut-off value of FI was 34.39 using ROC curves,AUC was 0.76,the sensitivity and specificity were 73.40％ and 76.70％,respectively.The best cut-off value of VFI was 1.60 using ROC curves,AUC was 0.93,the sensitivity and specificity were 87.50 ％ and 86.30 ％,respectively.Conclusions 3D PDUS was a new and noninvasive way for the clinical to differentiate benign and malignant cervical lesions.

Objective:To observe the effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with electroacupuncture on neurological function and limb motor function in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods:A total of 106 eligible subjects were divided into a treatment group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional rehabilitation.The treatment group was treated with wrist-ankle acupuncture and electroacupuncture in addition to the treatment used in the control group.The National Institute of Heath stroke scale(NIHSS)score,Fugl-Meyer assessment scale score,Berg balance scale score,lower limb main nerve conduction velocity,and total response rate were compared between the two groups. Results:The total response rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the NIHSS score,Fugl-Meyer assessment scale score,and Berg balance scale score of the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the treatment group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,only the conduction velocity of femoral nerve in the control group was better than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the conduction velocity of femoral nerve,tibial nerve,sural nerve,and common peroneal nerve in the treatment group was better than that before treatment(P<0.05),and was better than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Wrist-ankle acupuncture and electroacupuncture combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve nerve and muscle function and the motor and living ability of patients with ischemic stroke,and its therapeutic effect is superior to that of conventional rehabilitation therapy alone.

Objective:To explore the distribution of integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from community patients with urinary tract infections and their relationship with the phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial resistance. Methods:From November 2015 to December 2018, 152 isolates of E. coli that collected without repetition from the urine samples of outpatients in nephrology of Fengxian District Central Hospital in Shanghai, were studied retrospectively. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was carried out by Phoenix 100 automatic microbiological analyzer. Class 1, 2 integron integrase genes, variable regions of integrons and the phylogenetic groups of isolated E.coli were screened by PCR. The type of promoters and gene cassette arrays of variable regions were determined by sequencing. The relationship of intergon with the phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial resistance was also analyzed. Results:The resistance rate of 152 E. coli to ampicillin was 70.39% (107/152), and the resistance rates to other antibacterial drugs were all less than 40.00%. Among the 152 E. coli isolates, class 1 integron integrase gene intI1 was detected in 65 isolates (42.76%), 8 gene cassette arrays and 14 antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes were detected in 68 class 1 integrons. The most popular gene cassette array was dfrA17-aadA5 (51.47%, 35/68), while the variable regions of class 1 integrons were failed to detected in 12 intI1-positive isolates. Five variable region promoters were detected in 68 class 1 integrons, with the relative weak promoter PcH1 to be the most popular type (77.94%, 53/68). The gene cassette array arr- 2-cmlA5-bla OXA-10-aadA1 was also detected in this study. 65 intI1-positive isolates were mainly belonged to group B2 and D. The class 2 integron integrase gene intI2 was detected in 4 isolates (2.63%,4/152), and their variable region gene cassette arrays were all dfrA1-sat2-aadA1. Conclusions:Class 1 integrons were closely related to antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from community patients with urinary tract infection. Most of the variable region promoters of class 1 integrons were relatively weak promoters. The distribution of each phylogenetic group in the intI1-positive isolates was consistent with the distribution of the overall isolates. The gene cassette array arr-2-cmlA5-bla OXA-10-aadA1 was detected in E. coli.

Objective To investigate the distribution of integrons in clinical isolates of carbapen-em-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and their relationships to bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.Methods A total of 115 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients from January to October, 2017. Phoenix 100 automatic microbiological analyzer was used for antimicrobial sensitivity analysis. Classes 1 and 2 integrase genes and carbapenemase-encoding genes, bla IMP , blaVIM , blaKPC , blaNDM and blaOXA-23 , were screened by PCR. The variable regions of integrons were amplified by long fragment PCR. The types of promoters and gene cassette arrays of variable regions were de-termined by sequencing and overlap PCR. Relationships between integrons and antimicrobial resistance were analyzed. Results The 115 isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to most commonly used antimicrobial agents, but sensitive to polymyxin E. All of the isolates carried blaOXA-23 gene and none of them were positive for blaIMP , blaVIM , blaKPC or blaNDM gene. Class 1 integrase gene intI1 was de-tected in 40 isolates (34. 8％ ), while class 2 integrase gene intI2 was not detected. Two gene cassette ar-rays of variable regions, aacA4-catB8-aadA1 (39 isolates) and aacC1-gacP-gacQ-aadA1a (23 isolates), were detected in intI1-positive isolates. Twenty-two isolates carried both aacA4-catB8-aadA1 and aacC1-gacP-gacQ-aadA1a. The upstream promoters of the variable regions were relatively strong promoters, PcH2 and PcS. The gene cassettes of the variable regions endowed bacteria with resistance to chloramphenicol and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The resistance rate of class 1 integron-positive isolates to compound sulfamethox-azole was higher than that of negative strains. However, their resistance rate to ampicillin/sulbactam was lower than that of negative strains. Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acineto-bacter baumannii was serious. Carbapenem resistance was associated with blaOXA-23 gene. The types of pro-moters of variable regions in class 1 integrons were all relatively strong promoters. Class 1 integrons were closely related to sulfonamides resistance.

Objective:To explore the effects of the γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) neurons and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc)-lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) neural pathway on the rewarding feeding(palatable food sweat condensed milk) in the obesity rats.Methods:Total 142 male Wistar rats of SPF grade were divided into normal diet (ND) group ( n=68) and high-fat diet induced obesity (DIO) group ( n=74) according to the principle of body mass matching. The rats in the two groups were given normal diet and high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Eight weeks later, 6 DIO rats were randomly selected to observe the nerve projection from GABA neurons in NAc to MCH neurons in LHA by fluorogold retrograde tracing combined fluorescence immunohistochemistry. And the expressions of c-Fos and MCH in LHA after ingestion of sweet condensed milk(rewarding feeding) were observed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry (6 rats in each group). GABA receptor agonist Musimol or GABA receptor antagonist Bicuculine was microinjected into the nucleus of LHA to observe the effect of GABA on rewarding food intake in ND and DIO rats ( n=8 in each group), and the changes of rewarding food intake after blocking MCH signal ( n=8 in each group). SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for comparison among multiple groups, and t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results:After 8 weeks of high-fat diet modeling, the intake of delicious food in DIO rats was significantly higher than that in ND rats((12.52±2.29) mL, (7.45±1.23) mL, t=4.778, P<0.01) after satiety.The results of fluorogold retrograde tracing combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that GABA neurons in NAc projected nerve fibers to neurons in LHA, and GABA A receptors in some neurons in LHA coexisted with MCH.The results of NAc-LHA pathway on delicious food intake showed that the interaction between rat group and drug intervention was significant( F=9.869, P<0.01). Simple effect analysis showed that the intake of delicious food after microinjection of Musimol into LHA nucleus of ND rats was significantly lower than that of microinjection normal saline ((4.25±1.38) mL, (7.29±1.49) mL, P<0.01), while the intake of delicious food after injection of Bicuculine was significantly higher than that of microinjection normal saline((10.72±2.11) mL, (7.29±1.49) mL, P<0.05). The intake of delicious food after microinjection of Musimol into LHA nucleus in DIO group was significantly lower than that of microinjection normal saline((3.51±1.77)mL, (13.68±2.95) mL, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between microinjection Bicuculine and microinjection normal saline ((14.83±3.44) mL, (13.68±2.95) mL, P>0.05). The results of blocking MCH signal on delicious food intake showed that the interaction effect between SNAP-94847 and Bicuculine intervention was not significant ( F=1.468, P>0.05). The main effect of SNAP-94847 intervention was significant ( F=15.880, P<0.01)and the main effect of Bicuculine intervention was significant ( F=6.930, P<0.05). After intracerebroventricular injection of MCH receptor blocker SNAP-94847, the delicious food intake of ND rats was significantly less than that of injection normal saline((4.78±1.72) mL, (7.63±2.77) mL, P<0.05), and it was not affected by pre injection of Bicuculine in LHA ((6.24±2.18) mL, (4.78±1.72) mL, P>0.05). In the DIO rats, the interaction effect between SNAP-94847 and Bicuculine intervention was not significant( F=0.006, P>0.05). The main effect of SNAP-94847 intervention was significant ( F=18.46, P<0.01) and the main effect of Bicuculine intervention was not significant ( F=2.059, P>0.05). After intracerebroventricular injection of MCH receptor blocker SNAP-94847, the delicious food intake of DIO rats was significantly lower than that of injection normal saline((6.89±2.11) mL, (12.19±4.36) mL, P<0.05), and it was not affected by pre injection of Bicuculine in LHA ((8.72±2.26) mL, (6.89±2.11) mL, P>0.05). Conclusion:GABAergic signal in NAc can regulate the expression of MCH in neurons of LHA. In the DIO rats, the sensitivity of MCH neurons in LHA to satiety signal decreases and the hedonic feeding increases.

Objective To investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on the expression of NKG2D ligand on the surface of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC25 and its cytotoxicity to tumor cells.Methods When SCC25 cells were cultured into logarithmic growth phase,they were randomly designed as control (without treatment) and experimental group (2 Gy ionizing radiation treatment) by drawing lots.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expressions of NKG2D ligands major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ chainrelated molecule (MIC)A,MICB,UL16 binding protein (ULBP)1 on the surface of SCC25 in the control group and the experimental group cultured for 24 h.Real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the changes of NKG2D ligand mRNA expression on SCC25 cell surface after 24 h culture in the experimental group and the control group.The cells were prepared and divided into blank control group (NC),2 Gy ionizing radiation group (R),NK1 group (target ratio was 5 ∶ 1),NK2 group (target ratio was 20 ∶ 1),NK1 + R group (target ratio was 5 ∶ 1,2 Gy ionizing radiation),NK2 + R group (target ratio was 20 ∶ 1,2 Gy ionizing radiation).After each group was cultured for 24 h,the killing abilities of ionizing radiation and natural killer (NK) cells to oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC25 cells were detected by CCK8.Results Flow cytometry experiment showed that,among the NKG2D ligands,the MICA fluorescence values of experimental group and control group were respectively 21.04 ± 0.39,22.90 ± 0.40 (t =2.465,P =0.069),MICB fluorescence values were 27.58 ± 0.50,29.83 ± 1.05 (t =1.936,P =0.125),and ULBP1 fluorescence values were 21.04 ± 0.40,21.78 ± 0.50 (t =1.154,P =0.313).This indicated that after ionizing radiation on SCC25,the NKG2D ligand MICA,MICB,ULBP1 expression increased slightly,but the differences were not statistically significant.RT-PCR indicated that mRNA expressions of MICB,ULBP1 were significantly different between the control group and the experimental group (t =18.334,P =0.000;t =6.381,P =0.008).The expressions of the experimental group were respectively 6.49,1.64 times as those of the control group.The results of CCK8 showed that,there was a significant difference in cell killing ability among NK1 group,NK2 group and NC group (F =344.600,P =0.000),suggesting that NK cells could kill tumor cells,and the higher ratio of NK cells and SCC25,the stronger killing effect.The comparison between R group and NC group showed that the difference in cell killing ability was not statistically significant (P =0.567).NK1 + R group and NK1 group were compared and the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.915).There was no significant difference between NK2 + R group and NK2 group (P =0.678).This showed that the killing effect of ionizing radiation was weak.Conclusion Ionizing radiation can increase the mRNA expression of NKG2D ligands MICB and ULBP1.This may provide a new way for tumor immunotherapy.The killing effect of ionizing radiation on cells is not obvious.It may be related to low radiation dose and only 24 h for cell culture.

This paper focused on the research progress of the assessment methods of carers′ fall concern for the elderly. The content of this review included the definition of carers′ fall concern, and the advantages and disadvantages of various assessment method of carers′ fall concern for the caregivers to the elderly, such as qualitative interviews, questionnaires, and scales. Through this review, the authors hoped to provide a reference for selecting or developing a localized carers′ fall concern assessment tool.