A digital system for bioimpedance and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement controlled by an ATmega16 microcontroller was constructed in our laboratory. There are eight digital electrodes using AD5933 to measure the impedance of the targets, and the data is transmitted to the computer wirelessly through nRF24L01. The structure of the system, circuit design, system testing, vitro measurements of animals' tissues and electrical impedance tomography are introduced specifically in this paper. The experimental results showed that the system relative error was 0.42%, and the signal noise ratio was 76.3 dB. The system not only can be used to measure the impedance by any two electrodes within the frequency of 1-100 kHz in a sweep scanning, but also can reconstruct the images of EIT. The animal experiments showed that the data was valid and plots were fitting with Cole-Cole theory. The testing verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the system. The images reconstructed of a salt-water tank are satisfactory and match with the actual distribution of the tank. The system improves the effectiveness of the front-end measuring signal and the stability of the system greatly.
Animals ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Tomography ; methods

AIM:To observe the characteristics of estrous cycle of female ICR mice and ovariectomized mice that had reached sexual maturity stage .METHODS:ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, normal group, sham operation group and ovariectomized group .After ovariectomy and sham operating , at the 8th day, the mice were taken vagi-nal smears twice daily (09:00 and 16:00) for 12 consecutive days.The feature of vulva in the mice and vaginal smear cy-tology, occurrence rate of regular estrous cycle , duration of estrous cycle and each stage duration of estrous cycle were re -corded and observed .RESULTS:The characteristics of estrous cycle in normal group and sham operation group were simi-lar.Nearly 85%of the ICR mice in sexual maturity stage showed regular estrous cycle .The majority manifested 6-day cy-cle (83%), and only a small number exhibited 5-day cycle (17%).Compared with 5-day group, the duration of oestrus was significantly increased in 6-day group (P<0.05).The number and kind of the cells in vaginal smear were a little dif-ferent between 5-day and 6-day groups.The ovariectomized mice which showed irregular estrous cycle (76%) were charac-terized by continuous diestrus .CONCLUSION:Female ICR mice have the strain characteristics of estrus cycle .

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cisplatin resistance in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 . Methods Single cell gel electrophoresis ( SCGE ) was used to measure the level of DNA damage and repair in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and gastric cancer cisplatin resistance cell line SGC-7901/DDP by ob-serving the tail length. Morphological changes of SGC-7901 and SGC-7901/DDP were recorded to evalutate the differences between the two lines. The degree of migration of SGC-7901/DDP and SGC-7901 measured by cell wound scratch assay was used to estimate the ability of invasion. MTT assay was performed to determine the drug sensitivity, IC50 values and cross-resistance of SGC-7901/DDP treated with 5-FU, VP-16, ADM, TAX and LOHP separately. Results The level of DNA damage and repair in SGC-7901/DDP was higher than that in SGC-7901 ac-cording to the tail length of SCGE tests ,suggesting the relationship between cisplatin resistance and the abiity of DNA damage and repair. There was a much smaller volume in SGC-7901/DDP compared with SGC-7901,and clone aggregation always appeared in SGC-7901/DDP. Cell wound scratch assay showed that the migration of SGC-7901/DDP was weaker than that of SGC-7901. MTT showed the significant increase of IC50 and cross resitance in SGC-7901/DDP compared with SGC-7901 treated with 5-FU, VP-16, ADM, TAX and LOHP simultaneously. Conclu-sion The ability of DNA damage and repair in gastric cancer cisplatin resistance cell line SGC-7901 is enhanced significantly. The SGC-7901/DDP shows a notable promotion on multidrug resistance in vivo, and the migration of SGC-7901/DDP is weaker than that of SGC-7901 .

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture therapy to support yang and consolidate the constitution for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA). Methods:A total of 72 patients with CSA were randomly divided upon the random digital table into an acupuncture- moxibustion group and an acupuncture group, 36 cases in each group. The acupuncture-moxibustion group was treated by electroacupuncture (EA) at bilateral Fengchi (GB 20) and C4-6 Jiaji (EX-B 2), in combination of moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20), Shenshu (BL 23) and Mingmen (GV 4) to support yang and consolidate constitution. The acupuncture group was given by routine EA at bilateral Fengchi (GB 20), cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2), Tianzhu (BL 10), Jianjing (GB 21), Houxi (SI 3), Hegu (LI 4) and Waiguan (TE 5). The treatment was given once every day and continuous six sessions made one course. After 2-course treatment, the improved situation of clinical symptoms and clinical effect were observed in the two groups. Results:The total effective rate was 91.7% in the acupuncture-moxibustion group and 61.1% in the acupuncture group. The difference of the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of the clinical symptoms in the two groups were obviously decreased than those of the same group before treatment (P<0.01). The differences in the scores between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture-moxibustion treatment to support yang and consolidate constitution is better than the routine acupuncture therapy in the therapeutic effect for CSA.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of functional training on the improvement of Cobb Angle, ATR and quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Database of CNKI, WanFang, WeiPu, Web of Science, PubMed were reconnoitered for the purpose of research articles of Interest. Literature was screened according to the inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were collected and Cochrane risk bias assessment methodology quality was used, and Revman 5.3 software was used to conduct combined effector subgroup analysis on outcome indicators (Cobb Angle, ATR, SRS-22 patient questionnaire). Results: A total of 10 RCT (398 AIS patients) were included in the study. There were two high , five moderate and three low quality studies, respectively. Compared with other non operative treatments, functional training could reduce Cobb horn in patients, MD = -6.56 (95% CI =-7.30--5.83, P <0.01, I 2=0). Further subgroup analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in effect size between the subgroups of Cobb Angle, age, intervention period and control method at the time of inclusion ( P >0.05). Compared with the non intervention blank group, the functional training group could reduce the Cobb Angle of patients ( MD = -5.25 , 95% CI =-8.27- -2.98 , P < 0.01 ), with high heterogeneity ( I 2=61%). Effect on angle of trunk rotation(ATR):functional training group could reduce patients ATR, MD =-1.91 (95% CI =-2.25--1.57, P <0.01, I 2=0). The impact on the quality of life:functional training of patients with SRS-22 questionnaire function, pain had no statistical significance ( P >0.05), and self image ( MD =0.64, 95% CI =0.53- 0.75 , P <0.01), mental health ( MD =0.44, 95% CI =0.15-0.74, P <0.01), satisfaction ( MD = 0.58 , 95% CI =0.11- 1.06 , P = 0.02 ) were statistically significant. Conclusion Functional training can not only reduce the Cobb Angle and ATR of AIS patients, but also improve the quality of life in terms of self image, mental health and satisfaction of the patients. However, due to heterogeneity and bias, more high quality studies are needed to verify.

Objective:To investigate the body composition and sarcopenia in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 220 patients with stable COPD were enrolled in the study from China-Japan Friendship Hospital during July 2018 to December 2019; 220 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group 1) and 220 healthy young adults aged 20-40 years (control group 2) were enrolled from the community. The body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance method. The demographic characteristics, disease conditions, living background and other related factors were collected by questionnaire. T test or one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between groups, and non parametric test was used for non normal distribution data.Results:Compared with the control group 1 and control group 2, the body fat rate ( Z=-10.037, t=-8.411), the fat free mass index ( Z=-8.165, t=-7.856), and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) ( t=-7.158, t=-11.989) were significantly lower in stable COPD patients ( P<0.05). Among 220 patients with stable COPD, 51 (23.2%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia; the prevalence of sarcopenia was 18.3% (24/131) in men and 30.3% (27/89) in women (χ2=4.297, P=0.038). The decreased ASMI and grip strength in COPD patients with sarcopenia were significantly associated with age≥75 (χ2= 15.746, F= 14.048), female sex ( Z=5.805, t=2.672), low income ( Z=-4.291, t=-4.789), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade Ⅳ (χ2=22.644, F=3.905), Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale grade 4 (χ2=12.475, F=4.369), not receiving systematic health education ( Z=-4.239, Z=-2.474), no exercise (χ2=14.786, F=3.402), insufficient nutrition intake (χ2=40.531, F=10.529). The range of 6-min walking distance was (110-268) m, that was even shorter for patients with mMRC dyspnea scale grade 4 ( F=3.468, P<0.05). Conclusion:The impairment of body composition is common in COPD patients, which will further affect the body function. It is suggested that the routine evaluation of COPD should include the measurement of body composition.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of enhanced magnetic resonance pulmonary perfusion imaging(MRPP) in the diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary embolism(PE). Methods Sixty patients suspected of PE underwent MRPP. Twenty-seven patients also underwent radionuclide perfusion imaging. 22 patients repeated MRPP examination after 3 day to 1 month anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy. The feasibility and accuracy of MRPP in the diagnosis and follow-up of PE were evaluated according to the transformation rate of signal (TROS), time-signal curve and some parameters of main pulmonary artery(such as peak value of flow,mean flow velocity and flow rate). The t test and rank sum test were used for the statistics. Results MRPP showed a high agreement with radionuclide perfusion imaging. TROS was (2. 86 ± 2. 48 ) vs ( 6. 72 ± 2. 54) ( t = 3. 370, P ＜ 0. 01 ), the peak time was ( 13.98 ±5.60) vs ( 12. 33 ± 3.63 ) s ( t = 3. 930, P ＜ 0. 01 ), the peak value of main pulmonary blood flow was (60.39 ± 15. 17) vs (69.93±13.22) cm/s(t=2.930, P＜0. 01) and mean flow velocity (11.68±5.46) vs ( 13.54 ± 4. 18 ) cm/s ( t = 2. 380, P ＜ 0. 05 ) before and after anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy. The flow rate per unit was (80. 57 ± 24. 87) vs ( 85.48 ± 11.81 ) ml/s ( t = 0. 86,P ＞ 0. 05 ) . Conclusion MRPP shows a high agreement with radionuclide perfusion imaging and is a useful method for the diagnosis and follow-up of PE.

Objective To observe the effect of acupoint application of Chinese medicine on preventing constipation after stroke. Methods By means of randomized, double-blind, controlled study design, 96 patients of yang-syndrome stroke were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 48 cases in each group. Both groups were given conventional treatment for stroke and routine nursing for preventing constipation, and additionally, the control group was given acupoint application of placebo while the observation group was given acupoint application of self-made umbilical paste of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei(Dahuang) and Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao). The incidence of constipation, frequency of laxative usage and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed. Results (1) The incidence of constipation of the observation group was lower than the control group on treatment day 7 and 14 , the difference being statistical significant(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).(2)On treatment day 7 and 14, the Bristol scores of stool properties of observation group were increased compared with those before treatment(P < 0.05), but the changes of scores in the control group were insignificant(P > 0.05). The observation group had better effect on improving stool properties(P < 0.05).(3) The frequency of use of laxatives was reduced in the observation group compared with the control group, the difference being significant(P<0.05).(4) The incidence of adverse reaction was 6.25%in the control group and was 8.333%in the observation group, the difference being insignificant (P>0.05). The adverse reaction of both groups was mild, and had no effect on the accomplishment of the treatment. Conclusion Acupoint application of Chinese medicine is effective and safe on preventing constipation after stroke, showing good prospects for clinical application.

The pathogenesis of brain injury in fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses is likely associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. This article mainly reviews the anatomical alterations, potential pathophysiological processes, and the specific molecular mechanisms involving various types of brain cells in FGR.

Objective:To explore and discuss the differences of pregnancy contents and inform formats in in-formed consent form ( ICF) for the drug clinical trial between China and foreign countries. Methods:We collected Chinese and foreign ICFs for drug clinical trial that had been audited by the Ethics Committee of the third Xiangya Hospital for the past five years. Based on the relevant domestic and foreign law, we concluded the element stand-ards and inform formats about pregnancy inform. By analyzing the integrity of the whole elements, the inform rate of every element and the using rate of every inform format, we compared the differences of pregnancy contents and in-form formats between Chinese ICFs and foreign ICFs. Results:The total number of ICFs was 177 in this study, in-cluding 107 Chinese ICFs and 70 foreign ICFs. The integrity rate of pregnancy in Chinese ICFs was statistically lower than them in foreign ICFs (19% vs. 56%, P=0. 000). Compared with foreign ICFs, the low informed ele-ments were the study of the pregnancy risk (32% vs. 73%, P=0. 000), the pregnancy test during the following-up period (33% vs. 56%, P=0. 002) and the measurements for contraception (22% vs. 53%, P=0. 000). Conclusion:The integrity level of pregnancy content in Chinese ICFs was lower than that of the foreign ICFs. And the three elements including pregnancy risk study, pregnancy test during the following-up period and measure-ments for contraception was obviously defected. Pregnancy informing forms of informed consent in China was inferi-or to abroad.