OBJECTIVE:To study inhibitory effects of propofol on PC12 cells injury induced by glutamic acid via mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase/extra-cellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway. METHODS:PC12 cells were randomized into normal control group,model group(10 mmol/L glutamic acid),propofol low-concentrations,medium-concentrations and high-con-centrations groups(12.5,25,50 μmol/L+10 mmol/L glutamic acid). The optical density of cells,cell apoptosis,the phosphoryla-tion of ERK1/2 and the expression of c-fos,Bax,Bcl-2 were detected after treated with relevant medicine for 48 h. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,optical density of cells,the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 decreased in model group (P<0.01);apoptotic rate,the expression of c-fos and Bax increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group,optical density of cells,the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in propofol group (P<0.01);apoptosis rate,the ex-pression of c-fos and Bax decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were statistical significant between the different concentrations (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Propofol can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamic acid,which is associated with the up-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

BACKGROUND:Currently,there are three types of visual prosthesis:retinal prosthesis,optic nerve prosthesis and visual cortical prosthesis.Normal optic nerve fiber is the basis to apply visual prosthesis.Extracellular stimulation of myelinated optic nerve fiber is developed from intracellular stimulation,with feasible selection of stimulation locations and low requirements for operation.OBJECTIVE: Using computer to simulate the response of myelinated rat optic nerve fiber to extracellular point current source and to analyze the effect of the position of the point source on the response of the optic nerve fiber.METHODS:The experiment data of ion channels of rat optic nerve fiber and the characteristic of common ion channels were summarized,and the existing Hodgkin-Huxley like optic nerve fiber models were analyzed.The response of the optic nerve fiber model was simulated by computer,and the differences of action potentials of Ranvier node were compared by changing the position of point source.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Simulated models showed that the response of optic nerve is affected by the position of extracellular exciting electrode.The myelinated rat optic nerve fiber is easier to activate when the distance between point source and the Ranvier node center of the optic nerve fiber is short.

Objective To investigate articulation characteristics and rehabilitation training methods of abnor-mal supradental of patients with dysarthria after lingual frenectomy.Methods A total of 107 patients with dysar-thria after lingual frenectomy were studied for articulation characteristics.Then 32 patients with dysarthria were re-cruited from those 107 patients for further research of the training methods.Results The articulation disorders of/z/and/s/were replaced by/d/when/z/and/s/were combined with/a/,/o/,/e/,/u/or the vowels whose head vowels were them,/z/and/s/were replaced by/j/and/x/when they were combined with/i/.The proportion of these disorders were 32.71%,26.17%,30.84% and 40.19%,respectively.The articulation disorders of/c/was re-placed by/d/or/t/when/c/was combined with/a/,/o/,/e/,/u/or the vowels whose head vowels were them. The proportions were 5.61% and 25.23%,respectively.When/c/was replaced by/q/and/j/.When/c/was com-bined with/i/,the proportions respectively were 42.06% and 14.02%.Then/z/,/c/,/s/were totally replaced to/zh/,/ch/and ,/sh/or lateralization.The proportions of these disorders were 14.02%,15.89%,13.08% and 10.28%,9.35%,11.21%,respectively.After the speech training,the patients made less mistakes about supradental consonant,the number changed from 34.53±6.08 to 7.97±2.52.The differences were statistically significant(t=30.035,P<0.001).Conclusion The main articulation disorders were replacement and lateralization.The training methods that this research has established are significantly effective,and is worth receiving further study and possi-ble clinical application.

The treatment responses to pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFNα)in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)are associated with the genetic polymorphisms,immune status,hepatitis B virus genotype,and viral load of the host.This article reviews the recent studies on influential factors for the responses to PEG-IFNαin CHB patients.The important predictors of the clearance and seroconversion of HB-sAg and HBeAg and sustained virological response include interleukin-28B (IL-28B)gene polymorphism,baseline level of interferon-inducible protein-10,IL-17A,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-α,viral load and genotype,and changes in serum HBsAg and HBeAg levels at weeks 12 and 24 of treatment.

Objective To summarize the experience in pediatric nursing of children with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA) combined with proximal femoral fracture.Methods Two CIPA children with proximal femoral fracture received good treatment of security,plaster casts/braces,body temperature and skin as well as guidance of function exercise and health care education.The nursing experience was summarized.Result After intensive nursing,all patients successfully tided over their perioperative period and discharged.Conclusions The security management,careful observation of skin and body temperature after plaster casts/braces fixation,are of great significance for the decreased complication.Function exercises are equally effective in CIPA children with proximal femoral fracture.

Desmoid tumor of abdominal wall was also known as fibronmatosis of abdominal wall.It is a rare benign fibroblastic tumor, which is characterized by non-enveloped,strong local infiltration, with high recurrence rate after surgery.In December 2011, one patient with huge desmoid tumor of abdominal wall with intestinal tube received surgical resection with single-stage patch repair for the large defect in abdominal wall at the 210th Hospital of PLA, and the result was satisfactory.

[Objective]Through the anatomical observation and measurement on middle and distal humerus and radial nerve,To investigete a new radial nerve transfer operation.[Method]By means of anatomical methods,radial nerve's stretching branch,the relationship between radial nerve and deep brachial vessel in 30 upper climbs were observed and measured on 15 adults fixed in 10% formalin.The anatomical structures of humerus of one hundred specimens were also observed.This data were made by designing and performing the radial transfer operation after statistical analyzing.[Result](1)Length of humerus: The left side was (30.60?1.46)cm and the right side(31.37?1.23)cm.The length of sulcus for radial nerve: the left side was(5.65?1.01)cm and the right side(6.57?0.58)cm.The stretch angle of radial nerve: the left was 13.00??1.08?,the right13.86??0.97?.(2)The stretch angle of radial nerve: the radial nerve in the sulcus for radial nerve went from superomidial region to lateral lower region and the angle open to the inner part was formed.The angle is obvious in 29 sides,that was 96.67%,and not obvious only in 1 side,that was 3.33%.(3)The position of the radial nerve superficial and deep branches: The radial nerve in 17 sides branches were above interepicondylar line,which was 76.67%.Below the line were 10 sides,cover 33.33% and on the line 3 sides,cover 10.00%.(4)The curve distance between the exit of radial nerve and the brarnches was(14.26?1.01)cm.(5)The relationship between radial nerve and deep brachial vessel: the radial nerve lies inside of the deep brachial vessel were 12 sides,lies the outside of the deep brachial vessel were 10 sides and cross the deep brachial vessel were 8 sides.[Conclusion]The design of radial nerve transfer operation is reasonable,it conforms to the radial nerve's anatomy and physiology and provides much wider operation space for the performing of all kinds of internal fixation on fractures of middle and distal humerus.It reduces the injury of the radial nerve in the course of the operation and alter the operation while taking the internal fixation substance out.It doesn't increase the difficulty and injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ulinastatin combined with octreotide in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with acute pancreatitis were retrospectively analyzed.According to different methods of treatment,they were divided into two groups.25 patients in the control group were treated with octreotide alone,while 25 patients in the observation group were treated with ulinastatin combined with octreotide.The clinical treatment effect and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.00％,which was significantly higher than 80.00％ of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.64,P ＜ 0.05).The recovery time of abdominal pain and distension,recovery time of serum amylase,recovery time of urine amylase and the average hospitalization time of the observation group were (4.83 ± 1.21) d,(3.49 ± 1.08) d,(4.26 ± 1.17) d,(15.24 ± 3.16) d,which were significantly shorter than those of the control group (t =6.56,7.30,6.82,7.11,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of complications of the observation group was 12.00％,which was significantly lower than 36.00％ of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =8.56,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin combined with octreotide has significant effect in the treatment of acute pancreatitis,which can improve the symptoms and promote the early recovery,and the incidence rate of complication is low and the safety is high,which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of single center intracavitary isolation procedure for treating elderly Standford type B aortic dissection.Methods 46 consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years with Standford B aortic dissection,who underwent membrane stent intracavitary isolation treatment,in Tianjin Chest Hospital between 2010-2015 were enrolled in this study.All enrolled patients received examinations of echocardiography,contrast-enhanced CT,hepatic and renal functions,and the blood and urine routine tests before the procedure.After the procedure,the contrastenhanced CT of whole aorta was annually rechecked for all patients in the four time points of predischarge,3,6,12 months after operation.Deadline date of the follow up was December 2015.The outcomes of whole aorta CT and survival rate were analyzed.Results Successful stent implantation was performed in all patients (100 ％).Two (4.3 ％) patients died in the perioperative period,and one died due to the new aortic dissection at the last 8 months after operation.Overall survival rate was 89.1％(41 cases)during the follow-up period(95％CI:52.5-63.6 and 32.6-38.9,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The short and long term outcomes of intracavitary isolation procedure for treating Standford B aortic dissection are satisfactory in elderly patients.Perioperative blood pressure control,strict image measure,and carefully selecting the appropriate scaffold model are the keys for successful operation.

Objective:To assess the effects of dental treatment under general anesthesia on the life quality of children and their families.Methods:59 children aged 3 to 6-year-old were included.Parents were required to complete the early childhood oral health impact scales(ECOHIS) before and 1 month after dental treatment under general anesthesia.The questionnaire includes child impact section(CIS) and family impact section(FIS).Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0.Results:55 out of the 59 parents completed the qustionnaire.After treatment the total ECOHIS scores decreased by 51％ (P ＜ 0.001),overall child impact section scores decreased by 50％ (P ＜0.001),and family impact section scores decreased by 53％ (P ＜0.001),revealing a large effect size(ES) for the child(1.4) and family (4.0) sections of the ECOHIS.Conclusion:Dental treatment under general anesthesia for uncooperative young children with extensive dental problems can improve the quality of life of both children and their families.