Objective To observe the effects of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues liraglutide on expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclo-oxygen-ase (COX)2 in renal medulla of type 2 diabetes rats, and the mechanism of its lowering blood pressure and promoting excretion of water and salt in kidney. Methods Type 2 diabetes model rats were generated by high-fat and high-sugar feeding for 8 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Subse?quently, eighteen type 2 diabetes rats were divided into two groups: liraglutide treatment group (DMT) and diabetes group (DM). Twelve normal rats were divided into two groups: liraglutide treatment wild type group (WTT) and wild type group (WT). DMT and WTT groups were given liraglutide (200μg/kg) by subcutaneous injection, DM and WT groups were given equivalent normal saline by the same way. The levels of blood glucose and blood pressure were detected at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment in groups of rats. Samples of urine were collected for detecting ion concentrations (K+, Na+and Cl-) af?ter treatment for six weeks. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for detecting ion concentrations (K+, Na+and Cl-). The expression levels of NOS and COX2 mRNA and protein in renal medulla were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. Results After treating with liraglutide, the values of blood glucose (F=5.933, P<0.05) and blood pres?
sure (F=22.070, P<0.05) were gradually decreased in DMT group. After treatment with liraglutide for 6 weeks, the values of blood glucose (mmol/L:12.78 ± 3.82 vs. 18.75 ± 1.68) and blood pressure (mmHg:119.98 ± 4.43 vs. 136.42 ± 4.48) were signifi?cantly decreased (P<0.05) in DMT group than those of DM group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of K+, Na+and Cl-between the two groups. There were higher levels of K+(mmol/L:46.55 ± 6.43 vs. 33.13 ± 9.71), Na+(mmol/L:56.33±8.83 vs. 41.20±7.25) and Cl-(mmol/L:159.81±25.06 vs. 71.44±12.99) in urine in DMT group than those of DM group (P<0.05). The mRNA levels and protein expressions of NOS and COX2 in renal medulla were significant?ly increased in DMT group than those of DM group (P<0.05). Conclusion GLP-1 analogues liraglutide may enhance the expression of COX2 by increasing the expression of NOS to excrete water and salt, and decrease blood pressure.

Objective To establish small-for-size (SFS) graft injury models in miniature pigs with high standardization, reproducibility and similarity to clinical situation. Methods Ba-Ma miniature pigs were introduced in this study and orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTs) were performed in 12 pigs with 30% liver volume allogeneil grafts (small portion of right paramedian lobe, right lateral lobe and caudate lobe) without veno-venous bypass. The profiles of intra-operational hemodynamics and metabolism were investigated. Animals were observed for 7 days with daily serum biochemistry and coagulation function exam. The survival rate related to operation itself and the SFS grafts were respectively calculated as well as the graft regenerative ratio at post-operational day (POD) 7. Results Graft weight as a percentage of the recipient's native liver weight (GW/RLW) and the total body weight (GW/BW) were (28. 63±4. 42)% and (0. 73±0.06)%. The mean operation time, anhepatic phase, and the time of blockage of infra-hepatic IVC were (191. 7±14. 2) min, (28. 3±3. 6) min, and (45. 0±5. 8) min. The survival rate related to the operation itself and the SFS graft were 83. 33% (10/12) and 40% (4/10), and the graft regenerative ratio at POD7 was (278. 06±42. 95) %. Contrast to the remarkable increase of heart rate and serum potassium during anhepatic phase, the mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, rectal temperature, PH value and buffer excess had a significant decrease (P<0.01) with a gradual recovery after reperfusioa Serum ALT, AST, PT, Cr, and TB were significantly increased with a peak level at POD1 for the former 4 and POD2 for TB, and then began to decrease and favorably recovered at POD7, but TB, PT, and AST levels were still high when compared to those of prereperfusion (P<0. 05). Conclusion This model of OLT performed with 30% liver volume graft without veno-venous bypass was an ideal large animal model for series studies related to SFS graft injury.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Tricuspid Valve Stenosis ; etiology

Background More and more evidences suggest that the interaction of retinal progression of retinal diseases.Objective Present study was to investigate the primarily cultured and digested using explant culture method and trypsas acidic protein(GFAP) staining,S-100 staining and cytokine-18 staining co-cultured under the normoxia and hypoxia using transwell chamber,and the proliferation and migration of cultured RPE cells were examined using MTT and compared with only RPE cells cultured group at 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours.Results Over 90% of primarily cultured RPE cells showed the positive response for S-100.The proliferation and migration of RPE cells were significantly increased in hypoxia condition compared with normoxia condition (P＜0.01).In hypoxia group,amount of proliferation and migration of RPE cells in co-culture group were higher than the only RPE cells cultured group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Hypoxia appear to aggravate the proliferation and migration of RPE cells under the hypoxia status.

Integration of "5+3" training mode is to accelerate the construction of standardization of clinical medical personnel training system,and the establishment of the new training mode.The training goal is to make the students become the high-level clinicians with the ability of clinical thinking and clinical practice,and scientific research and teaching,who can independently and pro-fessionally prevent and treat the related common disease.Therefore,guided by the general training goal of our students,we designed and practiced a teaching mode centered on "immune disease mechanism analysis" in the teaching of medical immunology,aiming at improving students'ability of clinical thinking,self learning and team coorperation.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the surgical patients treated with straight wire appliance for guidelines of clinical using of the appliance.

METHODSTotally 51 patients from Joint Clinic of Orthodontic Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology with dentofacial deformities treated with straight wire appliance were analyzed. The patients were aged from 15 years to 34 years 5 months, average 18 years 9 months. Among whom, 16 are males, while the other 35 are females.

RESULTSEighteen patients were treated with extraction of teeth, while other 33 cases were nonextraction case. The duration of average presurgical orthodontic treatment was 13.3 months, and 10.4 months was for postsurgical orthodontic treatment, totally active treatment time was 25.5 months.

CONCLUSIONSStraight wire appliance would benefit a lot for three dimensional control of teeth when doing pre- and post-surgical orthodontic treatment. Good results could be achieved without wire bending.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; therapy ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; therapy ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; methods ; Postoperative Care ; Preoperative Care ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Female ; Hernia, Inguinal ; surgery ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate a new clinical classification of hepatolithiasis based on biliary anatomy and pathology in order to guide clinical decision-making.Methods The cases of hepatolithiasis admitted to our hospital from Mar 2015 to Aug 2018 were classified into six types and an additional type according to biliary anatomy,stone site and extent,liver pathological changes,and Oddi sphincter function.Results Of the214 cases of hepatolithiasis,5 cases (2.3％) were type Ⅰ;41 cases (19.2％) were type Ⅱ;76 cases (35.5％) were type Ⅲ;17 cases (7.9％) were type Ⅳ;29 cases (13.5％) were type Ⅴ;46 cases (21.5％) of type Ⅵ.The most common complication was incision infection (28 cases,13.1％),liver failure 0,and perioperative death 0.During the follow-up from 3 months to 3 years,there were 14cases of stone recurrence,the recurrence rate was 7.6％.Conclusion This classification scheme and the "individualized precise anatomical combined hepatectomy or segmental hepatectomy" based on this classification is safe and effective while enhancing the cure rate.

OBJECTIVETo observe human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-alpha) expression and secreting level of human embryo myoblasts transfected by hTNF-alpha gene.

METHODSHuman embryo myoblasts were transfected with shuttle plasmid pSV23SHTNF containing hTNF-alpha gene by cationic liposomes DOSPER. The control group was only given equivalent liposomes except plasmid. After culturing for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, hTNF-alpha expression level of human embryo myoblasts was observed with immunocytochemistry staining, and hTNF-alpha secreting of human embryo myoblasts was analyzed by ELISA.

RESULTSAfter transfected by hTNF-alpha gene for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, the human embryo myoblasts displayed significant secretion of hTNF-alpha in the cultural supernatant (P < 0.05), and overexpression in cytoplasma and cell membrane.

CONCLUSIONTransfection of hTNF-alpha gene to human myoblasts made myoblasts secrete high concentration of hTNF-alpha, implying it is feasible that transfecting muscle cells surrounding tongue carcinoma lesion with hTNF-alpha gene can prevent tongue carcinoma from intruding into deeper muscle tissue.

Animals ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Myoblasts ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; prevention & control ; Plasmids ; Tongue Neoplasms ; therapy ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective :To analyze influence of probucol combined atorvastatin on hemodynamics and blood lipids in patients with large artery cerebral infarction (LACI).Methods :A total of 92 LACI patients were randomly and e-qually divided into atorvastatin group and combined treatment group (received atorvastatin combined probucol ) , both groups were treated for six months .Therapeutic effect etc indexes before and after treatment were compared between two groups .Results :Compared with atorvastatin group after six-month treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of TC [ (4.57 ± 0.82) mmol/L vs.(3.23 ± 0.71) mmol/L] ,TG [ (1.37 ± 0.45) mmol/L vs. (1.02 ± 0.34) mmol/L] ,LDL-C [ (2.52 ± 0.83) mmol/L vs .(1.50 ± 0.54) mmol/L] ,oxidized low density lipo-protein [ox-LDL ,(78.36 ± 14.05) mg/L vs.(58.37 ± 12.00) mg/L] ,left and right middle cerebral artery pulsatili-ty index (PI) [left :(0.84 ± 0.25) vs.(0.74 ± 0.14) ,right :(0.84 ± 0.23) vs.(0.74 ± 0.16)] and inflammatory factors ,and significant rise in total effective rate (69.57% vs.89.13% P＝0.020) ,left and right middle cerebral systolic blood flow velocity (Vs) [left :(87.45 ± 15.58) cm/s vs.(95.48 ± 18.34) cm/s ,right :(89.27 ± 14.36) cm/s vs.(96.18 ± 14.03) cm/s] and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) [left :(60.90 ± 16.19) cm/s vs .(76.19 ± 17.40) cm/s ,right :(62.08 ± 17.23) cm/s vs .(91.38 ± 19.26) cm/s] in combined treatment group ,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. There was no significant difference in drug adverse reactions incidence rate between two groups , P＝1. 000 .Conclu-sion :Therapeutic effect of probucol combined atorvastatin is significantly better than that of pure atorvastatin on large artery cerebral infarction .It can more significantly improve blood lipids and intracranial artery hemodynamics with anti-inflammatory effects .