Objective To investigate the neutrophil elastase (NE) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods Thirty-six patients of ALI/ARDS and 16 healthy volunteers(control group)were involved in the study.The patients of ALI/ARDS were divided into three groups:group A (the oxygenation index was 201-300 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),group B (150-200 mm Hg),and group C (<150 mm Hg).The NE in serum and bronchoalveolar Lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.Results The NE in the serum and BALF in group A [(1.76±0.63)nmol/L and (1.67±0.59)nmol/L],group B [(3.26±0.51)nmol/L and (3.64±0.56)nmol/L] and group C [(4.56 ±0.68)nmol/L and (4.62±0.39)nmol/L] were much higher than that in control group [(0.67±0.54)nmol/L and (0.62±0.48)nmol/L].The NE in the serum and BALF of dead patients were higher than that in patients who were alive.Moreover,the NE in the patients of ALI/ARDS was inversely related to the oxygenation index (r=-0.901,P＜0.01). Conclusion The NE in patients of ALI/ARDS is higher than that in healthy people,and it is significantly related to the severity and the prognosis of ALI/ARDS.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Ursodeoxycholi acid on the treatment of liver cirrhosis with hepatitis B. Methods Eighty-four patients with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into 2 groups:42 to the treatment group who were given oral capsules of Ursodeoxycholi acid combined with reduced glutathione,and the other 42 to the control group who received Yinzhihuang intravenously, combined with reduced glutathione. Therapeutic efficacy,liver function and its normalization rate,and score of Child-pugh-Turcotte (CPT)were observed after 4 week treatment and 8 week treatment. Results The therapeutic efficacy had no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the values of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and globulin(GLO) of the treatment group decreased more significantly (P<0.05), and the normalization rates of γ-GT and AKP in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 8 week. The decreased levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin(DBIL) were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P>0.05). At 4 week the decrease level of ALT in the 2 groups was similar (P>0.05), while at 8 week the values of ALT reduced more significantly than that of the control group(P<0.05). The score of CPT of the 2 groups were not different after 4 week and 8 week treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion Ursodeoxycholi acid can obviously decrease the values of γ-GT, AKP and GLO in liver cirrhosis with hepatitis B, which may be related to Ursodeoxycholi acid relieving the injury of bile duct and enhancing biliary transport.

Background Endophthalmitis is a serious infectious eye disease.Efficient drug therapy plays a key role in the early stage.There have been few researches on teicoplanin treating endophthalmitis and pharmacokinetics in ocular tissue.Objective The present study was to investigate the intraocular pharmacokinetic course and feature of intravitreal administration of teicoplanin.Methods Thirty-three Japanese white rabbits were included in this study and randomized into 6 groups.The right eyes of the rabbits were used in experiment.5 g/L of teicoplanin was injected into the vitreous cavity,and vitreous and aqueous humor samples were extracted after 15 minutes,30 minutes,1,2,4,6,12,24,48,96 and 192 hours,and the concentration of teicoplanin was determined by bioassay.Results The logarithmic value of the concentration of teicoplanin was raised with the increase in the bacterial inhibition zone diameters,of which the equation of the regression curve was Y =0.174X-0.813(R2=0.999).A good linear relationship was presented within 1.0-80.0 mg/L.Single intravitreal injection of teicoplanin was compliant with the two-compartment model.Moreover,the distribution phase Tα1/2 and elimination phase Tβ1/2 of vitreous were 1.68 and 152.15 hours,separately.And Tα1/2 and Tβ1/2 of the aqueous humor were 2.83 hours and 70.56 hours,individually.The peak teicoplanin concentrations in the vitreous and aqueous humor were(358.47±21.53)mg/L and(102.17±9.54)mg/L at 1 hour,respectively and remained at(4.38±0.68)mg/L and(2.38±0.38)mg/L,respectively 192 hours later.Conclusions Intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg of teicoplanin can remain therapeutic concentration for a long time in the vitreous and aqueous humor.

Thermogravimetry (TG), TG-MS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were adopted to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of calamina. According to the findings of the qualitative and quantitative studies on the changes in the content of relevant elements, the whole shape, the functional groups, and the volatile components of calamina before and after being pyrolyzed, the 200-360, 580-750 degrees C were two sensitive temperature ranges related to the changes in effective component during calamina processing. Thermal weight loss was observed for ZnCO3, Zn(OH)2 and ZnCO3-2Zn(OH)2-H2O under 200-360 degrees C and for CaCO3 under 580-750 degrees C. The results of studies on chemical reaction kinetics showed good linear relations. This experiment integrated relevant methods and theories of physical chemistry and science of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and interpretes calamina processing techniques and mechanism, in order to provide a good example for modem studies on other traditional Chinese medicine processing.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Temperature ; Zinc Oxide ; chemistry

This study aims to perform a survey of genetic variation in neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/H3N2 virus, as well as related resistance to NA inhibitors, in Qinghai Province of China, 2010 to 2012. Strains of influenza A/H3N2 isolated during an influenza survey from 2010 to 2012 in Qinghai were enrolled by random sampling. Viral RNA was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were sequenced thereafter. Genetic analysis of nucleic acid and the derived amino acid sequences was performed by MEGA 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were also constructed. Strains isolated during 2010-2011 in this study clustered closely with World Health Organization (WHO) 2010-2012 reference vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009 and 2008-2010 reference vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007 on the phylogenetic tree, while the 2012 isolates were located on another branch. In analysis of derived amino acid sequences, the 2010 isolates mutated at K81T, the 2011 isolates mutated at I26V and D127N, while the 2012 isolates mutated at E41K, P46A, I58V, T71N, L81P, D93G, D127N, D151N, and I307M. The D151N mutation added a glycosylation site to the activity center of NA. No significant variation was discovered in H3N2 NA gene of 2010-2011 isolates in Qinghai, China. Isolates of 2012 were found with significant mutation, which has the potential of inducing minor resistance to NA inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Astrocytoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Prognosis

Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; diagnosis ; therapy

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Rheumatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Objective To explore the effects of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor(pHGF) on renal function and cell apoptosis in kidney of rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:sham-operated control group(groupⅠ),renal ischemia reperfusion control group(groupⅡ),one experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) before renal IRI(group Ⅲ),and another experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) after renal IRI(group Ⅳ).The animals with renal IRI exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping.All ischemia reperfusion rats in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were intraabdomially injected equal volume of physiological saline(0.8 mL) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 50 mg/kg pHGF.Twelve hours after IRI,samples for serum and the left renal tissue of each animal were taken.The serum sample was used to detect expression of serum creatinine(Scr),and the renal tissue sample for evaluation of apoptosis.Results Compared with the level of Scr in groupⅠ(22.775?6.508) ?mol/L,Scr was markedly higher in groupⅡ(120.850?22.237) ?mol/L(P0.05).Conclusions The laboratory investigation suggests that pHGF might be an effective pharmacological agent against renal IRI according to the findings of the evaluated parameters,and protective effect by pHGF against renal IRI might involved in the mechanisms decreasing tubular cells apoptosis.It is likely that pHGF is a potential therapentic agent in clinical renal IRI circumstances.

Objective To study feasibility in extraction of calcific sign within pulmonary nodules with pattern classification.Meth-ods 49 cases with pulmonary nodules (benign in 16 and malignant in 33)confirmed by pathology or clinical follow-up were included in this study and all cases underwent chest CT examinations.CT images were interpreted double-blind by two associate chief radiolo-gists to draw a conclusion that there were any calcification within pulmonary nodules.Meanwhile,the calcifications in the regions of interest(ROI)on CT images were estimated with extraction of the sign of gray value,geometric and lung markings in ROI,and based on pattern classification algorithm at supporting vector machine(SVM).Results According to the results assessed by senior radiologists for classification within pulmonary nodules,the area under ROC curve was 0.95 which was extracted by automatic pat-tern classification algorithm,the extraction performance was stable(k=1),and was goodness fit with visual observation by doctors (k=0.939).Conclusion The ability of automatic pattern classification in detecting calcification within pulmonary nodules is about the same as that of visual assessment by senior doctors.