Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most serious arrhythmias with high morbidity and mortality in clinic,which usually results in stroke,heart failure and peripheral vascular embolization,etc.Its prevalence is set to increase with widespread population ageing,causing enormous economic and social burden.Currently,medication is the common treatment method for atrial fibrillation.However,there is inefficient with a risk of arrhythmia.In recent years,noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) play an important role in ontogenesis and the development of many diseases.More and more studies show that noncoding RNAs are closely related to the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation.Investigating the molecular mechanisms and interactive networks of noncoding RNAs have important significance on providing early prediction of AF susceptibility,evaluating the prognosis of patients and finding new therapeutic targets.The purpose of this report is to systematically review the molecular mechanisms of noncoding RNAs in the development and maintenance of AF.

BACKGROUNDImmunostimulating agents made from bacterial extracts represent a class of medications that contains antigens derived from several bacterial strains and their potential ability to prevent bacterial infections results from the stimulation of the nonspecific component of the immune system. The present study investigated the effect of the oral immunostimulant Broncho-Vaxom, which includes material from eight different species of bacteria that are frequently present in the lower respiratory tract, on the frequency and severity of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic bronchitis accompanied by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODSNinety patients with chronic bronchitis complicated with COPD were randomly divided into groups A and B. Forty-nine subjects in group A received oral capsules containing 7 mg Broncho-Vaxom, while 41 patients in group B received similar placebo capsules. Both groups took one capsule daily for the first 10 days of each month for 3 consecutive months. The frequency of acute exacerbation, symptom scores, and lung function were recorded for the following one year period.

RESULTSThere was a significant decrease in the incidence, duration, and severity of acute exacerbation, as well as a reduction in the course of antibiotics administered and in the dosage of bronchodilator and mucolytic agent in group A, as compared to group B (P < 0.05, respectively). Symptom scores for cough, sputum, dyspnea, as well as symptoms observed upon auscultation of the chest also improved significantly in group A as compared to group B (P < 0.05, respectively). The bacterial clearance rate in sputum cultures from patients who received no antibiotics for the first 3 months was also significantly higher in group A compared to group B (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSOrally administered Broncho-Vaxom is associated with a decrease in the incidence of acute exacerbation and a decrease in the need for antibiotics and symptomatic relief medications in patients with chronic bronchitis accompanied by COPD. Broncho-Vaxom is also associated with a decrease in symptom scores. Without causing any apparent adverse effects, this drug may also help to eradicate pathogenic bacteria in the airways.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteria ; Bronchitis ; complications ; Cell Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVEIn order to study the effect of the polymorphism at the exon2 region of the (3-LG allele gene on milk composition and yield.

METHODSThe single-strand conformation polymorphism method (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze for polymorphism the exon2 region of the 3-LG gene (NCBI accession number: DQ489319) in Chinese Holstein.

RESULTSEight SSCP patterns were detected in the fragments: ab, abc, abd, abe, abcd, abce, abde and abcde, and the patterns frequencies as follows: 0.14, 0.10, 0.27, 0.23, 0.05, 0.04, 0.11 and 0.06 (P < 0.05); Six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were detected in this study: sitel C>T, site2 T>C, site3 C>T, site4 C>C, site5 C> A, site6 A>T or C, and the polymorphism infonnation content (PIC) of these SNPs were in median or high polymorphism (PIC > 0.25).

CONCLUSIONThese SNPs at the exon2 region of the beta-LG gene were remarkably and affected milk performance traits (milk yield, protein and fat contents) in Chinese Holstein.

Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; classification ; genetics ; China ; Exons ; Female ; Lactoglobulins ; genetics ; Milk ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational

Objective To explore the correlation of the polymorphism of gene IL-13 Intron 3 + 1923and IL-13 and total IgE with pediatric asthma.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms was used to analyze the polymorphism of gene IL-13 lntron 3 + 1923 in 50 normal children (healthy control group) and 77 asthma children (asthma group); enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum IL-13 and total IgE,and used the SPSS 18.0 software to analyze the serum IL-13 and total IgE in 2 groups.Results 1.The gene type and allele gene frequency distribution of gene IL-13 site Intron 3 + 1923 in asthma group and healthy control group had statistical significance(genotype:x2 =7.239,P ＜ 0.05 ; allele frequency:x2 =6.731,P ＜ 0.01),Allele T had a relationship with asthma.(2) The serum IgE concentration in asthma group was (50.98-± 27.97) mg/L,and in normal control group was (42.85 ± 27.19) mg/L,contrast difference had statistical significant (t =3.067,P ＜ 0.01).(3) The serum IgE in asthma group was (197.13 ±94.7) ng/L and in healthy control group was (159.06 ± 107.65) ng/L,contrast difference had statistical significant (t =2.079,P ＜ 0.05).(4) Different genotype of gene IL-13 Intron 3 + 1923 in asthma group had distinguishing level of IgE:CC was (30.25 ± 19.75) mg/L,CT was (57.50 ± 27.64) mg/L,TT was (65.09 ± 21.14) mg/L,group contrast had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) ; Different genotype of gene IL-13 Intron 3 + 1923 in asthma group had distinguishing level of IL-13,CC:(105.59 ± 57.32) ng/L,CT:(222.45 ± 74.00) ng/L,TT:(274.38 ±86.12) ng/L,group contrast had significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusions Polymorphism of gene IL-13 Tntron 3 + 1923 is relevant with children asthma,allele T gene is the correlative gene of children asthma.Allele IL-13 Intron 3 + 1923T has an influence on the level of IL-13,IgE,which makes them higher.Increasing total IL-13 and IgE in serum has a relationship with children asthma.

AIM To optimize the extraction process for uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,uridine,thymine,inosine,guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine from Pheretima guillelmi(Michaelsen),and to determine their contents.METHODS With solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature as influencing factors,contents of hypoxanthine and total nucleosides as evaluation indices,the extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test.HPLC was adopted in the content determination of varioud nucleosides,the analysis was performed on a 30℃thermostatic Agilent C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-water flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 260 nm.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 1∶250 for solid-liquid ratio,60 min for ultrasonic time,and 60℃for ultrasonic temperature.Eight nucleosides showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 99.11%-103.27%with the RSDs of 0.85%-2.89%.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the extraction and content determination of nucleosides from P.guillelmi.

In this study, the texture analyzer acupuncture pressure sensor was used to objectively characterize the "herb soaking with exact amount of water" for moistening process of ginseng. The single factor rotation experiment was used to investigate the effects of puncture speed, puncture depth and puncture site on puncture force and work. According to ginseng processing method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, ginseng medicinal materials with diameters of about 1 cm and 2 cm were selected, and puncture experiments were carried out at the set measurement time to determine the hardness, work and water absorption of the ginseng moistening process. The endpoint threshold for the ginseng softening process was determined and verified. To reflect the actual internal conditions of the ginseng softening process, the puncture depth was preferably 70%, and the puncture speed was 30 mm·min~(-1). In the ginseng moistening process, the softening hardness and the puncture work were in accordance with the first-order kinetic equation y=a×exp(-k×x). The 0 h initial hardness a of 1 cm and 2 cm ginseng herbs were 289.8 N and 1 227 N, and the rate constants K were 0.149 4 N·h~(-1) and 0.100 7 N·h~(-1), respectively. After the ginseng was completely softened, the force required for puncture was 10 N, which can be used as the standard for "drug penetration". At this time, the water absorption rate of ginseng was 70%-100%. The softening time of ginseng with a diameter of 1 cm was about 20-22 h, and the softening time of ginseng with a diameter of 2 cm was about 40-46 h. A needle-type pressure sensor was used to accurately determine the end point of the softening process of ginseng and reduce the loss of active ingredients. The study results provide reference for the softening process kinetics and the process intelligent monitoring of other dried roots and rhizomes.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Panax ; Plant Roots ; Rhizome ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Water

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the classification criteria of early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and compare the sensitivity and specificity with the criteria of 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 2010 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). METHODS: Patients from 4 hospitals, aged more than 16 years, with arthritis, whose disease duration was ≤1 year, and with ≥1 joint pain and swelling were enrolled in the study. The indicators including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations were observed. The ERA patients were dignosed by two experienced rheumatologists based on the clinical features, drug therapy information and radiography features. RESULTS: (1) A total of 325 patients with arthritis were enrolled, including 98 males (30.15%) and 227 females (69.85%), The average age was (47.53±14.44) years, and the median disease duration was 5 (2, 8) months. Finally, 236 patients were dignosed with ERA, and 89 patients were dignosed with other diseases (Non-ERA, including osteoarthritis, reactive arthritis, undifferentiated arthritis, spondyloarthritis, etc). (2) The sensitivity of ERA criteria was 87.29%, and the specificity was 84.37%. The sensitivity was higher than that of 1987 ACR criteria (χ²=43.641, P < 0.001), and had no significant difference compared with 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (χ²=0.446, P=0.593). But the specificity of ERA criteria was lower than that of 1987 ACR criteria (χ²=4.891, P=0.027), which was not statistically significant compared with 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (χ²=0.044, P=1.000). (3) In the patients with arthritis whose disease duration was ≤3 months and ≤6 months, the sensitivity of ERA criteria was 81.71% and 86.79%, respectively, both were higher than the 1987 ACR criteria (χ²=7.131, P=0.008; χ²=22.015, P < 0.001) and had no statistically difference compared with the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (χ²=0.220, P=0.755; χ²=0.473, P=0.491). The differences of the three criteria in specificity were not statistically significant. (4) The three different classification criteria were consistent with the clinical diagnosis, among which the ERA criteria and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were slightly higher (Kappa>0.6). The results of the consistency comparison between the three criteria showed that the ERA criteria and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria had a better consistency (Kappa=0.836). CONCLUSION The sensitivity of ERA classification criteria in the diagnosis of ERA was higher than that of 1987 ACR criteria, and was equivalent to that of 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. There is no significant difference in specificity between these three criteria. The ERA criteria can also identify patients with RA at a very early stage in arthritis with disease duration ≤3 months.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis ; Radiography ; Rheumatology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; United States

Objective: To investigate current use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy and influencing factors among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in China. Methods: Results of this study derived from "China Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study", the study prospectively enrolled atrial fibrillation (AF) patients from 31 hospitals, and patients with valvular AF or treated with catheter ablation were excluded. Baseline data such as age, sex and type of atrial fibrillation were collected, and drug history, history of concomitant diseases, laboratory results and echocardiography results were recorded. CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and HAS-BLED score were calculated. The patients were followed up at the 3rd and 6th months after enrollment and every 6 months thereafter. Patients were divided according to whether they had coronary artery disease and whether they took OAC. Results: 11 067 NVAF patients fulfilling guideline criteria for OAC treatment were included in this study, including 1 837 patients with CAD. 95.4% of NVAF patients with CAD had CHA₂DS₂-VASc score≥2, and 59.7% of patients had HAS-BLED≥3, which was significantly higher than NVAF patients without CAD (P<0.001). Only 34.6% of NVAF patients with CAD were treated with OAC at enrollment. The proportion of HAS-BLED≥3 in the OAC group was significantly lower than in the no-OAC group (36.7% vs. 71.8%, P<0.001). After adjustment with multivariable logistic regression analysis, thromboembolism(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.50-4.10,P<0.001), left atrial diameter≥40 mm(OR=1.89,95%CI 1.23-2.91,P=0.004), stain use (OR=1.83,95%CI 1.01-3.03, P=0.020) and β blocker use (OR=1.74,95%CI 1.13-2.68,P=0.012)were influence factors of OAC treatment. However, the influence factors of no-OAC use were female(OR=0.54,95%CI 0.34-0.86,P=0.001), HAS-BLED≥3 (OR=0.33,95%CI 0.19-0.57,P<0.001), and antiplatelet drug(OR=0.04,95%CI 0.03-0.07,P<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of OAC treatment in NVAF patients with CAD is still low and needs to be further improved. The training and assessment of medical personnel should be strengthened to improve the utilization rate of OAC in these patients.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Risk Factors ; China ; Administration, Oral ; Stroke

With the widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the integration of TCM and western medicine, drug-drug interaction(DDI) is considered as a major cause of therapeutic failures and side effects. Cytochrome P450 enzymes(CYPs) are responsible for large number of drug metabolism. CYP3 A4 and CYP2 D6, two important CYP isoforms, are responsible for about 80% drug metabolism of CYPs super family. The inhibition of CYPs is likely to be the most common factor leading to adverse DDI. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict potential CYP3 A4 and CYP2 D6 inhibitors to prevent the DDI. A fast and low-cost me-thod for calculating and predicting CYP inhibiting components was established in this paper, namely support vector machine(SVM) and molecular docking technology which are used to predict and screen drugs. Firstly, 12 qualitative models of two targets were established by using SVM, and the optimal model was selected to predict the compounds in traditional Chinese medicine database(TCMD). Then, molecular docking technology was used to establish docking model. By analyzing the key amino acids involved in drug-target interactions and combining with SVM model, potential inhibitors of CYP3 A4 and CYP2 D6 were found. From the computational results, astin D and epiberberine exhibited inhibition effect on CYP3 A4 and CYP2 D6, respectively. Astin D was only found in astins family from Aster tataricus, while epiberberine was considered to be the active constituent of Coptidis Rhizoma. Therefore, for the risk of DDI, extra attention should be paid to the source of these potential inhibitors, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma. This computational method provides technical support for discovering potential natural inhibitors of CYPs from Chinese herbs by using SVM and molecular docking model, and it is also helpful to recognize the CYPs-mediated DDI existing in TCM, providing research ideas for further pharmacovigilance of integrated therapy.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/analysis* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*