Objective To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional support and interventions in geriatric inpatients.Methods The elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years)from the geriatric demonstration ward were consecutively enrolled from July 2010 to January 2012.MiniNutritional Assessment-short form (MNA-SF) was performed after admission,and data of nutritional support were collected.Results A total of 179 patients were enrolled in this study.According to MNA-SF,42 cases (23.5％)were rated as malnutrition,and 55 cases (30.7％) were rated as at risk of malnutrition.Totally,45 patients received nutritional support.50.0％ (21/42) patients with malnutrition,and 29.1％ (16/55) patients at risk of malnutrition received nutritional support.As to the route of nutrition therapy,the ratio of the enteral to parenteral to combination of enteral and parental nutrition was 4.4 ∶ 1.0 ∶ 1.0.Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition is high in the geriatric inpatients,and routine nutritional risk screening and assessment are essential for the elderly patients.Nutritional support and other comprehensive treatment are in great need,and the enteral nutrition is appropriate and preferred.

Objective To explore the effects of amniotic lacrimal duct stenting on the prevention of dry eye in castrated rabbits.Methods Thirtysix healthy male rabbits were selected,the third eyelid were cut off and antiinfection treatment were given,which were randomly divided into 3 groups (12 cases in each group),the castrated male rabbits models were made.Among them,group A was negative control group,group B was dry eye model group,group C was group of lacrimal amniotic membrane group.At 2 weeks before implantation of amniotic lacrimal duct stent,2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks after implantation,the fluorescent (FL) examination,Western blot,Schirmer I examination,immunofluorescence staining and corneal confocal microscopy were performed.Results The levels of tear secretion and FL in the three groups among different time points were significantly different (F=7.126,P =0.009;F =9.658,P =0.016),and there were significant differences among three groups (F =12.582,P =0.005;F =13.187,P =0.013).The tendency of tear secretion and FL in the three groups were also significantly changed (F =8.531,P =0.007;F =10.652,P =0.019).The epithelial basal cells at 6 weeks after implantation in three groups were 3811 ±414,3820 ± 314,2789 ± 353,and the density of inflammatory cells was 266 ±28,266 ± 29,67 ± 13,there were significant differences among three groups (F =13.442,P =0.012;F =9.231,P =0.021).The K1 6 staining in the duct epithelium were negative,and the expression of α-SMA in the lacrimal duct tissue of group A,B and C was not changed at all time points after implantation of amniotic lacrimal stent,and there was no significant difference (F =14.681,P =0.002).Conclusion The amniotic lacrimal stent implantation has certain effect on the prevention of dry eye in rabbit.

Objective To explore the distribution of the liquid food in the stomach of patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS)-predominated functional dyspepsia (FD)and the mechanism of its gastric dynamic dysfunction.Methods Fifty-two patients with PDS and 18 healthy volunteers underwent gastric emptying examination with ultrasound scanner provided.The proximal and distal gastric area and volume,area and volume ratio of proximal and distal gastric as well as emptying rate of proximal and distal gastric were calculated at fasting,maximum satiety,30 min,60 min,90 min and 120 min after meal. Student′s t test andχ2 test were performed for statistical analysis.Results Proximal gastric volume of PDS group at the time of fasting and 120 min after meal were (9.06±7.88)and (24.72±24.02)cm3 ,which were larger than those of healthy control group ((5 .96 ± 2.13 )cm3 ,(19.48 ± 12.32 )cm3 ),and the differences were statistically significant (t=-1 .637 and -0.875 ,both P <0.05).Ratio of proximal and distal gastric area at maximum satiety in PDS group was 1 .63±0.42 and that in healthy control group was 2.33±0.63,and the difference was statistically significant (t =5 .044,P <0.05 ).Ratio of proximal and
distal gastric volume in PDS group and healthy group at fasting was 0.60 ± 0.38 and 0.46 ± 0.19, respectively,that at maximum satiety was in PDS group and healthy group 0.91 ±0.27,1 .30 ±0.48, respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (t = - 1 .505 and 3.970,both P <0.05). The emptying rates of proximal stomach of PDS group at 30 min and 90 min postprandial were (28.10 ± 25 .03)% and (68.80±16.14)%,respectively,those of healthy control group were (34.97 ±14.41 )%and (75 .86 ±9.86)%,and the differences were statistically significant (t =1 .087 and 1 .718,both P <0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in emptying rate of distal stomach between two groups (all P > 0.05 ).Conclusions The volume of distal stomach was larger than that of proximal stomach in PDS patients at maximum satiety in liquid food distribution,which may be the cause of decreasing emptying rate of proximal stomach.And proximal stomach dominated gastric motility in PDS patients.

OBJECTIVESTo further investigate the effects of cisapride on intestinal bacterial overgrowth (IBO), bacterial and endotoxin translocation, intestinal transit and permeability in cirrhotic rats.

METHODS25 normal control rats, 25 cirrhotic rats, 20 cirrhotic rats received saline, and 20 cirrhotic rats treated with cisapride were included in the study. All animals were assessed with many variables including bacterial and endotoxin translocation, IBO, intestinal transit and permeability.

RESULTSBacterial translocation was found in 48%(12/25) cirrhotic rats and none of control rats. Among the 20 rats with IBO, there were 11 rats with bacterial translocation (BT) while only one rats occurred BT out of the 5 rats without IBO. Cirrhotic rats with IBO had a significantly higher rate of endotoxin translocation, higher intestinal permeability and longer intestinal transit than those without IBO. BT of a specific organism was always associated with IBO of that organism. Compared with the placebo group, cisapride-treated rats had lower rates of bacterial and endotoxin translocation and IBO, which had close relationship with shorter intestinal transit and lower permeability.

CONCLUSIONEndotoxin and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats may be the result of IBO and higher permeability. IBO may be the result of longer transit. Cisapride which can accelerate intestinal transit and improve intestinal permeability is helpful in preventing and treating intestinal bacterial and endotoxin translocation.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; drug effects ; Biological Transport ; Cisapride ; pharmacology ; Endotoxins ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; microbiology ; Male ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effects of blue light on the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in mice by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Totally 40 mice were collected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 20 mice in each group,and the experimental mice were raised in the blue light environment from 8 to 16 hours per day,while the controls were reared in normal environment.Then the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in both groups were measured by OCTA before irradiation and one week,two weeks,one month,two months and three months after irradiation,respectively.Results Compared with pre-irradiation,the thickness of corneal epithelium of all regions did not change significantly in both groups at 1 week,2 weeks,and 1 month after irradiation,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with before irradiation,the corneal epithelium thickness of the control group at 2 months and 3 months after irradiation did not change significantly,and there was no significant difference (both P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the corneal epithelium at central,nasal 5 mm,inferior 5 mm,and temporal 5 mm regions in the experimental group were significantly thickened,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Three months after irradiation,compared with the control group,the thickness of corneal epithelium in the central and inner regions of the cornea and nasal 6 mm and temporal 6 mm regions of the experimental group were significantly thickened,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant change in the corneal full thickness between the experimental group and the control group before irradiation and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months,and 3 months after irradiation,and the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Furthermore,the difference in the extremum value of corneal epithelial thickness,namely the maximum and the minimum,was significantly different in both groups (P ＜ 0.05),but the difference in the extremum value of the full-thickness of the cornea was not significant in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The blue light can change the thickness of corneal epithelium in mice,and the change of the central region is obvious,but the full-thickness of the cornea do not significantly change in a short term.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current smoking regulations and their impacts on the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) levels inside restaurants and bars in Beijing.

METHODSTelephone survey was used to investigate the smoking regulations. TSI Sidepak AM510 was used to measure the level of fine particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) in restaurants and bars. Analysis of variance and non-parametric rank tests were used to examine the association between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels and (1) smoking regulations; and (2) types of restaurants and bars.

RESULTSOf the 305 restaurants and bars surveyed, 27.9% had complete or partial smoking prohibiting rules. The average indoor PM2.5, level of the 92 restaurants and bars was 253.08 microg/m3 , 102.37% higher than the outdoor level. The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels in the restaurants and bars with smoking ban regulations were 93.10 microg/m3 and 110.33 microg/m3 whole 289.34 microg/m3 and 128.40 microg/m3 in those without, respectively. The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels of bars were 413.46 microg/m3 and 190.62 microg/m3, respectively, while in the western fast-food restaurants, they were 83.86 microg/m3 and 104.77 microg/m3, respectively. The outdoor PM2.5 levels were higher than the indoor levels in different classes of restaurants and bars. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5 levels and the number of smokers per cube meters (r = 0.47, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSmoking regulations could effectively reduce the ETS level in restaurants and bars.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; legislation & jurisprudence ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; Particulate Matter ; analysis ; Restaurants ; Smoking ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; analysis ; legislation & jurisprudence

Objective: To review the application of ileostomy combined with perioperative nutrition support therapy in the treatment of chronic radiation intestinal injury. Methods: The clinical data of patients with chronic radiation intestinal injury who received ileostomy combined with perioperative nutrition support therapy in the department of general surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The short-term complications and perioperative nutrition process were recorded, and the long-term prognoses were followed up. Results: Forty-six patients were included in the study. The overall postoperative complication rate was 36. 96％. All the patients restored total enteral nutrition at the time of discharge (18±15) days. There was no post-operative mortality. Thirty-six patients were followed up (follow-up rate of 78. 26％), and the follow-up time was (25 ± 17) months. Tumor recurrence was occurred in 7 patients (19. 44％) during follow-up and 6 deaths (16. 67％). All of the 30 (83. 33％) survived patients maintained total enteral feeding, 27 of whom (75％) returned to normal diet. Twenty-one patients (58. 33％) underwent a second staging ostomy surgery in our hospital and recovered well. Conclusion: For selected patients with chronic radiation intestinal injury, ileostomy combined with perioperative nutrition support therapy could effectively restore intestinal patency and total enteral nutrition, and reduce the mortality.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for pterygium among people aged 50 years and above in Funing County,Jiangsu Province.Methods A cluster random sampling method was performed,the subjects aged 50 years or above were randomly selected from 30 survey sites in Funing County,Jiangsu Province.Questionnaires,visual acuity tests,the examinations of eye surface,anterior segment,fundus examinations were conducted.Pterygium was diagnosed and graded clinically by slit lamp examination.The risk factors were acquired from questionnaires and analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (NO.2010-05).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering study cohort.Results A total of 6 145 persons aged 50 years and above were enumerated,and actually 5 947 (96.8％) participants were examined.Among them,1 950 cases were diagnosed as pterygium in either eye and 1 228 cases were diagnosed as pterygium in binoculus,which was equivalent to the 32.79％ [95％ confidence interval(CI):31.60％-33.98％] of pterygium in either eye and 20.65％ (95％ CI:19.62％-21.68％) in bilateral pterygium.Among 2467 male subjects,838 were diagnosed as pterygium (33.97％,95％ CI:32.10％-35.84％).Among 3480 female subjects,1 112 were diagnosed as pterygium (31.95％,95％ CI:30.40％-33.51％).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pterygium between genders (P =0.135).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that,older age (50 ～ ＜60 years:odds ratio [OR] =1.00;60 ～ ＜70 years:OR=1.54,P＜0.001;70 ～ ＜80 years,OR=1.83,P＜0.001;≥80 years:OR=1.99,P＜0.001),low educational level (no education:OR =1.00;＜primary:OR =0.87,P =0.031;primary education:OR =0.72,P =0.002;≥ secondary education:OR =0.63,P =0.002),farmer occupations (OR =1.34,P =0.020),and long outdoor work time (OR =1.13,P =0.026) were independent risk factors for pterygium.Gender,marriage,income,hypertension,diabetes,smoking and alcohol use history were not associated with pterygium (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of pterygium in Funing County is 32.79％ in people aged 50 years and above.The high prevalence of pterygium may be associated with older age,low education level and long outdoor work time.

Objective To explore the effects of benzalkonium bromide and citalopram on the corneal epithelium and corneal thickness of mice using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods Together 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (group A,B,C,D and E;n =12),with group A left untreated,group B receiving PBS eye drops,group C given benzalkonium bromide eye drops,group D undergoing intraperitoneal administration of citalopram suspension,and group E treated with combination of benzalkonium bromide eye drops and citalopram suspension.After 2 weeks,OCTA was applied for corneal subarea,followed by measurement of the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea of all mice,and then the mean values were calculated.Results The thickness of corneal epithelium and fullthickness of the cornea was (66 ±7) μm and (141 ± 11) μm in the group A,(66 ± 8) μm and (140 ± 12) μm in the group B and D,(73 ± 10) μm and (141 ± 14) μm in the group C,(76 ± 12) μm and (141 ± 15) μm in the E group,respectively.And there was no significant difference in the thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment in the group A,B and D (all P ＞ 0.05),but both variables were markedly thickened in group C and E 2 weeks after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Moreover,the increased levels on the both variables in the group E was higher than those in the group C 2 weeks after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).The average thickness of corneal epithelium and full-thickness of the cornea in the group C and E were significantly thickened after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The average values of both variables in the group C and E were obviously larger than those in the group A,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Citalopram alone has no significant effects on the corneal thickness by OCTA,whereas both the thickness of corneal epithelium and fullthickness of the cornea tend to thicken by benzalkonium bromide treatment,which has a synergistic effect on corneal thickening with citalopram.

Objective:To observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound Siwu decoction (SW) on radiation injury of zebra fish blood system, and to clarify whether zebra fish is a suitable model for this study. Methods:Totally 72 of 4-month-old adult male zebra fish ( Danio Rerio) with body weight ranging from 0.14 to 0.20 g were used in all the experiments, where 36 zebra fish were taken to observe the hemodynamic changes after radiation, and the other 36 zebra fish were used to study the intervention effect of Siwu decoction on the blood injury after radiation. Zebra fish was irradiated with 20 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays at a dose rate of 97.33 cGy/min. For the hemodynamic study, the peripheral blood and whole kidney marrow cells (WKMCs)of irradiated zebra fish and non irradiated control were collected on days 7, 14 and 30 after irradiation, respectively, and the cell number was detected by flow cytometry. For the Siwu decoction treatment, 36 zebra fish were randomly divided into non-irradiation group, irradiation group, SW2 000 group ( Siwu decoction was diluted by 2 000-fold) and SW5 000 group ( Siwu decoction was diluted by 5 000-fold). Siwu decoction was given on the second day after irradiation. Then the peripheral blood and WKM cells of zebra fish were collected at 7 d after irradiation for further analysis. Results:After irradiation, the dynamic of blood development of zebra fish were obviously changed with the most blood cell ablation at 7 d post-irradiation. The total number of peripheral blood cells and WKM cells decreased by 26% and 52%( t=4.535, 28.987, P<0.05), the number of myeloid monocytes, lymphocytes, and red blood cells in the WKM decreased by 46%, 79% and 33%( t=18.457, 66.900, 9.872, P<0.05), and the number of precursor cells decreased by 49% ( P>0.05). The numbers of these blood cells were partly recovered at 14 d after irradiation and returned to the normal level at 30 d after irradiation. In comparison with irradiation alone group, the numbers of WKM cells, myeloid monocytes, progenitor cells, lymphocytes and red blood cells increased by 57%, 125%, 81% and 35%, respectively ( t=12.128, 21.594, 15.473, 4.594, P<0.05), and peripheral red cells did not increase significantly in the SW5 000 group after irradiation. However, SW2 000 had no significant influence on radiation injury of zebra fish blood cells ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Radiation injury of the blood system of zebra fish could be recovered at a month after irradiation, and this radiation damage could be partly intervened by Siwu decoction at a suitable concentration, which provides a reference for the study of blood system regulation of traditional Chinese medicine.