The quiescence of radial neural stem cells (rNSCs) in adult brain is regulated by environmental stimuli. However, little is known about how the neurogenic niche couples the external signal to regulate activation and transition of quiescent rNSCs. Here, we reveal that long-term excitation of hippocampal dentate granule cells (GCs) upon voluntary running leads to activation of adult rNSCs in the subgranular zone and thereby generation of newborn neurons. Unexpectedly, the role of these excited GC neurons in NSCs depends on direct GC-rNSC interaction in the local niche, which is through down-regulated ephrin-B3, a GC membranebound ligand, and attenuated transcellular EphB2 kinase-dependent signaling in the adjacent rNSCs. Furthermore, constitutively active EphB2 kinase sustains the quiescence of rNSCs during running. These findings thus elucidate the physiological significance of GC excitability on adult rNSCs under external environments and indicate a key-lock switch regulation via cellcell contact for functional transition of rNSCs.

A anaerobic hydrogen-producing strain HR-1 was isolated from compost. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence similarity indicates that strain HR-1 is the closest relative to Clostridium ace- tobutylicum ATCC 824, with the similarity of 96%. Biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene indicate that HR-1 is a new species named Clostridium sp. HR-1. Cells are Gram-positive, mobile rod-shaped. Spores and flagellums were no observed. Temperature range for growth is 10?C to 45?C (optimum temperature 37?C~39?C), and range pH for growth is 4.0 to 10.0 (optimum pH 7.5~8.0). H2, CO2, acetate, butyrate and a little ethanol are the end products of PYG fermentation. Strain HR-1 has the ability to use organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources for growth and hydrogen production, and yeast extract is the optimum nitrogen source for hydrogen production. Strain HR-1 produces hydrogen from xylose (3 g/L) at 37?C and initial pH 6.5, the hydrogen yields and maximal hydrogen production rate are 1.84 mol-H2/mol-xylose and 10.52 mmol-H2/h?g-cdw, respectively. Strain HR-1 is able to utilize glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose and cellobiose for hydrogen production and the hydrogen yields from glucose is 2.36 mol-H2/mol-glucose.

Objective To explore the efficacy of transurethral resection of bladder neck(female)and urinary sphincter(male)to treat neurogenic urinary dysfunction. Methods Forty-one patients(28 women and 13 men)with neurogenic urinary dysfunction(dysuria)were retrospectively analyzed.All patients had sacral neurological damage.The mean patient age was 27(12-43)years.All patients had urinary retention and ureter dilation.Twenty-nine patients had renal function damage.Residual urine volume was 151-700 ml(mean 420 m1).MFR was 4-14 ml/s.After local anesthesia,bladder neck(female)was incised at 5,6,7 o'clock to the circle fiber.Urinary sphincter(male) was cut off at 11,1 o'clock and was dilated using sound(F24-F27).The catheterization time was 1-2 weeks. Results All 41 patients were followed up,from 2 months to 252 months,average 85 months.Thirty-six patients(88%)were completely recovered with no residual urine,no dilation of ureter and pelvis,no renal function damage.of these 36 cases,surgery was carried out once for 1 patient,twice for 20 and 3 times for 15.Five patients(12%)were not improved. Conclusion Transurethral resection of bladder neck(female)and urinary sphincter(reale)to treat neurogenic urinary dysfunction could be an effective method.

The CO I gene sequences of Qianghuoyu, Pachytriton labiatus and Gehyra mutilata were achieved by PCR amplification and bi-directional sequencing. Furthermore, a pair of specific primers SJYW1 and SJYW2 in the non-conservative district were designed through sequence alignment. The PCR reaction condition was established by changing the annealing temperature and cycle numbers. The results showed that 350 bp DNA fragment was amplified from Qianghuoyu in PCR with annealed temperature at 54 °C and the cycle number was 25 cycles, whereas not any DNA fragment was amplified from P. labiatus and G. mutilata under the same reaction condition. This method is well-performed in the identification of Qianghuoyu for its excellent specificity and repeatability.
Animals ; Drug Contamination ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Objective To study the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy and the quasi-latent Keshan disease in villages of non-endemic areas of six Keshan disease endemic provinces in China,and to provide reference values for proposing a elimination standard of keshan disease.Methods County,township and village was selected as the study area by using multi-stage sampling in non-Keshan disease areas of Sichuan,Shanxi,Henan,Shandong and in Keshan disease areas of Chongqing and Yunnan.In each county two townships were selected and in each township one village was chosen.The residents of the villages sampled were surveyed by questionnaire,physical examination,electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac echocardiography.Suspected dilated cardiomyopathy patients had chest X-ray.Dilated cardiomyopathy patients were diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by 2006 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (WHO/ISFC).Results The number of investigated villages was 126 and 54 139 people were surveyed by questionnaire and clinical examination.Ten patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were found,the prevalence was 18.47/100 000(10/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 18.11/100 000-18.84/100 000.A total of 197 patients with quasi-latent Keshan disease were found,the prevalence was 363.88/100 000 (197/54 139),and its 95％ confidence interval was 362.27/100 000-365.49/ 100 000.The prevalence of male quasi-latent Keshan disease was 353.34/100 000(83/23 490) and of female was 372.07/100 000(114/30 639).The number of subjects with normal and abnormal ECG was 45 222 and 8917,respectively,and the rate of abnormal ECG was 16.47％.The highest rate of abnormal ECG was 38.28％ (1585/4141) in Chongqing.The lowest rate of abnormal ECG was 8.10％ (1175/14 507) in Yunnan.The highest detection rate of T wave and ST segment changes was 4.67％ (2528/54 139).In abnormal ECG indices,the detection rate of Henan,Shandong and Chongqing was higher,and all of them were higher than 10.0％.Conclusions We suggest that the reference baselines of dilated cardiomyopathy and quasi-latent Keshan disease in Keshan disease areas of the six provinces in the south of China be 18.47/100 000 and 363.88/100 000,respectively.

Objective: To understand the consumption of nutritional supplements among the residents aged eighteen years and below in Tongzhou District of Beijing,so as to provide reference for supplements exposure assessment and health education. Methods: A hundred people aged 18 years and below were selected from each of the eight neighborhood committees of Tongzhou Town,Tongzhou District,Beijing. The questionnaire for the Nutritional Supplements Guidelines for Chinese Residents Study was used to collect the rate of taking nutritional supplements,influencing factors,types and frequency. Results: The rate of taking nutritional supplements was 44.16%. The rates of taking nutritional supplements in people aged 0-5 years,6-12 years and 13-18 years were 45.56%,42.86% and 41.00%,respectively,without statistically significant difference among them （P>0.05）. The rates of taking nutritional supplements in males and females were 44.82% and 43.49%,without statistically significant difference between them （P>0.05）. The Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that annual per capita household income of more than 50 000 yuan （OR=1.688,95%CI: 1.171-2.435） and parents taking nutritional supplements （OR=4.104,95%CI: 3.023-5.573） were the promoting factors for the intake of nutritional supplements in people aged 18 years and below. The rates of taking calcium,vitamin D and multivitamin were 26.10%,21.56% and 8.31%,respectively. There were 272 （80.00%） people taking 1-2 kinds of supplements,and 200 （58.82%） people taking them daily. Conclusions In Tongzhou District,44.16% of the population aged 18 years and below takes nutritional supplements,mainly calcium and vitamin D. Family income and whether their parents taking or not are determinants.

To study the cognitive effects of diterpene ginkgolides (DG), transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced rats were established. tMCAO-rats induced by suture method were divided into sham operation group, solvent control group, NBP group, DG group. The animal experiments in the present study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College (00000646, 00000635). The effects of DG on tMCAO rats were evaluated by neurological severity score, cerebral infarction volume measurement, step-down and Morris water maze test. In the acute tMCAO rat model, 100 mg·kg^-1 DG improved the neural score and infarction volume. In the chronic tMCAO rat model, DG 100 mg·kg^-1 significantly improved the survival rate of tMCAO-induced rats. The Morris water maze results showed 100 mg·kg^-1 DG decreased the latency of tMCAO-induced rats to find the platform, while the effect was weaker than the NBP. However, DG 30 mg·kg^-1 did not show a significant effect. In conclusion, DG exerted a therapeutic effect on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Objective To determine the prognosis and staging non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that extends across the fissure into adjacent lobe after surgery.Methods 3752 patients with histopathologically confirmed non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received surgical reeessetion from January,1997 to April,2007.Among them,163 patients have a tumor invasion beyond fissure.After matching by pathologic TNM staging (7th),326 patients whose tumor defined in a single lobe were eligible for analysis.Results Histopatholngic staging of matched patients was I a:10 patiens(6.1％ ),I b:79 patients (48.5％),Ⅱa:5 patients (3.1％ ),111:44 patients (27.0％) and Ⅲa:25 patients( 15.3％ ).5 years survival in patients with stage 1 tumors crossing the interlobar fissure was 51％,while in patients not cross the interlobar fissure was 63％ ( P ＜0.05 ).There was no difference in survival for tumors stage Ⅱa and above with regard to importance of interlobar extension.The T2 tumor extending across a lung fissure had a reduction in survival compared with T2 tumor not cross the lung fissure and similar to the T3 tumor without the fissure invasion.Conclusion Our results suggest that TNM staging should be modified for tumor extends the fissure into adjacent lobe.

Objective To explore the role of dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) in the tubulointerstitial lesions of immune-mediated nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) and the intervention regulation by anti-P-selectin lectin-EGF domain monoclonal antibody (PsL-EGFmAb). Methods WKY rats were randomly divided into control,NTN and PsL-EGFmAb-treated groups. The mrs in NTN group were injected with 1 ml nephrotoxic rabbit serum per kilogram of rat body weight; the ones in PsL-EGFmAb-treated group were injected with 2 mg PsL-EGFmAb per kilogram of rat body weight simultaneously and 2 h later after nephrotoxic rabbit serum injection; and those in control group were injected with equal volume of 0.9% saline. Renal function and pathology were observed at day 4, 7 and 14 after the induction of NTN. Distribution of DC-SIGN + dendritic cells (DCs) in renal tissues was measured by immunofluorescence. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of P-selectin,RANTES, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-4. Expression of MHC Ⅱ , CD80 and DC-SIGN on dendritic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Transendothelial migration was used to detect the ability of DCs migration. DCs ability to activate T cells was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). ELISA was used to detect the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatant of MLR. Results At day 4, immature DC-SIGN+ DCs infiltrated the rat renal tubulointerstium of NTN group, matured at day 14, and enhanced the ability to migrate and activate T cells. The distribution of DC-SIGN + DCs was significantly related to the form of crescent, tubulointerstial lesions and renal function. In addition, expression of chemokine RANTES and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α continuously augmented since day 4, while anti-inflammatory eytokine IL-10 decreased after markedly increased at day 4. At day 14, IFN-γ/IL-4 mRNA increased, which was obviously related to DCs maturation. The intervention of PsL-EGFmAb supressed the expression of DC-SIGN and CD80 on DCs, depressed DCs maturation, migration and ability to activate T cells,down-regulated proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines in kidney,and thus regulated Th1/Th2 bias. At the same time, kidneys showed the decrease of crescents,improvement of tnbulointerstium damage and renal function. Conclusions DC-SIGN may mediate DCs tubulointerstitial infiltration. It may be also a potent regulator of local immune reaction imbalance and pathology of tubulointerstium. PsL-EGFmAb may depress DCs migration and downregulate DCs maturation and function through DC-SIGN, and thus having a role in prevention and treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of IL-6,S100β,NT-3 and the cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia characterized by positive or negative symptoms.Methods44 first-episode schizophrenic patients characterized by positive symptoms (positive group),36 first-episode schizophrenic patients characterized by negative symptoms (negative group) and 50 healthy controls (controls) were collected.The serum levels of IL-6,S100β and NT-3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The systematic evaluation tool-MCCB was applied to assess cognitive function in patients and controls.ResultsNT-3 serum levels in positive or negative groups were lower than those in controls and the differences were significant((118.39±37.50) ng/L,(112.55±32.29) ng/L vs (141.18±29.67) ng/L) (P<0.01).IL-6 and S100β serum levels in positive or negative groups were higher than those in controls and the differences were statistically significant((5.74±1.00)ng/L,(5.07±1.17)ng/L vs (4.23±0.91)ng/L),((132.98±46.71)ng/L,(124.99±43.14)ng/L vs (103.63±31.57)ng/L)(P<0.01).IL-6 serum levels in the positive group ((5.07±1.17)ng/L) were lower than those in the negative group ((5.74±0.99)ng/L) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).In MCCB test,the TMT scores in patients characterize by positive symptoms or patients characterize by negative symptoms were higher than those in healthy control group (P<0.01).BACS SC,HVLT-R WMS-Ⅲ,SS,NAB,BVMT-R,CF in patients characterize by positive symptoms or by negative symptoms were lower than those in healthy control group(P<0.01).There were no statistical difference in the MCCB scores between the patients with positive symptoms and negative symptoms.In positive group,there was a positive correlation between the IL-6 serum concentration and the general symptom scores in PANSS (P<0.05).In positive group,NT-3 serum concentration was positively correlated with the general symptom scores or total scores of PANSS (P<0.05).BVMT-R scores in MCCB were also positively correlated with IL-6 or NT-3 serum concentration in positive group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe impairment of part of cognitive functions for schizophrenic patients may be related to the serum protein factors.There may be different in pathophysiology between the first-episode schizophrenic patients characterized by positive symptoms and those characterized by negative symptoms.