Objective:To study feasibility of preparing artificial antigen by membrane coated with hapten-carrier.To compare the Emodin-BSA membrane antigen immunogenicity and specificity against the liquid antigen.Methods:Emodin-BSA-PVDF membrane was prepared by the method that BSA was coated on PVDF membrane and the BSA was coupled with Emodin-couplint agent derivative.Rats were immunized by subcutaneous implantation.The immunogenicity and antibody specificity were characterized using Emodin-CA or Chrysophanol-CA or Physcion-CA membrane immunoassay. Results: The immunogenicity of Emodin-BSA coated membrane antigen was higher than Emodin-BSA liquid antigen;the specificity for three anthraquinones was almost the same(P>0.05). Conclusion:Emodin antiserum generated using Emodin-BSA coated membrane antigen has a high immunogenicity and specificity to Emodin.The results show it is feasible that membrane coated with hapten-carrier is used as artificial antigen.

Abdominal Injuries ; Antithrombins/adverse effects* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Dabigatran/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Thoracic Injuries

BACKGROUND: Decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms and over-generated free radicals by either normal or aberrant metabolism play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer. And the life style and diet including antioxidant vitamin A and E have been thought an important factor in antioxidant systems. Recently, Total Antioxidant Status kit (TAS; Randox, UK) has been developed for measuring the total antioxidant capacity of blood. So we evaluated the association of life style and total antioxidant capacity in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Sixty six cases of chronic cardiovascular disease and sixty three normal controls were evaluated. Serum total antioxidant capacity was measured by Hitachi 747 (Hitachi Ltd, Japan) with TAS kit, vitamin A and E were measured by high performance liquid chromatography method, and serum lipid profile by Hitachi 7060 (Hitachi Ltd, Japan). RESULTS: The mean total antioxidant capacity did not show difference between patients and controls. After 3 months, we detected significant increase of total antioxidant capacity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild increase of antioxidant vitamins and significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein (a). The heavy alcohol consumption group showed significant difference with other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of total antioxidant capacity for the cardiovascular disease patients was thought to be useful to evaluate oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Alcohol consumption and supplementation with antioxidant vitamins could have an effect on total antioxidant capacity.
Alcohol Drinking ; Antioxidants ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Cholesterol ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Defense Mechanisms ; Diet* ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

BACKGROUND: Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is one of the intravenous anesthetic drugs used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia as well as for sedation in ICU patients and one-day surgery. The monitoring of propofol in blood helps to maintain anesthetic state and promote earlier recovery. So we attempted to find the rapid and simple method for blood propofol determination. METHODS: We compared the precipitation method with extraction one using whole blood, plasma and deionized water added a fixed amount of propofol. According to the extraction method, propofol was extracted from 500 microliter sample adding KH2PO4, ethyl acetate, and tetra-ethylammonium hydroxide using thymol as an internal standard. For the precipitation method, the precipitating solution (500 microliter) containing thymol was added to a 500 microliter sample, then mixed. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into HPLC system. A Waters 2690 separations module, Waters 474 fluorescence and 486 UV detector and a Symmetry column were used. We used Millennium software to control analyzing process and quantify propofol. RESULTS: The precipitation method using thymol as an internal standard and Waters 474 fluorescence detector showed the most excellent results. For the calibration curves, we found very good linearity in whole blood, plasma and deionized water (r> or =9976). Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) values of propofol for the precipitation method were 4.4% and 8.9% at 2 microgram/mL of propofol and 2.0% and 6.2% at 8 microgram/mL, respectively. The recovery rates of propofol for plasma and whole blood were 104.1% and 92.7% at 2 microgram/mL and 99.4% and 91.6% at 7 microgram/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For the measurement of the blood propofol level, the precipitation method using thymol as an internal standard and fluorescence detector seemed to be the rapid and simple method to apply for the clinical purpose.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Calibration ; Centrifugation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid* ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Plasma ; Propofol* ; Thymol ; Water

OBJECTIVEStudy the effects of β-glucan in highland barley on blood glucose and serum lipid in high fat diet induced C57 mouse.

METHODSUsing table of random number, 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group) by weight: high dosage group (4% β-glucan and high fat diet), low dosage group (2% β-glucan and high fat diet), high fat diet group and normal control group. Food-intake and body weight of C57 mouse were observed. Glucose tolerance tests and examinations of fasting blood glucose were performed at the end of 11 weeks of intervention. Mice were sacrificed after 12 wk of treatment, and serum specimens were obtained to test relevant biochemical indicators.

RESULTSAfter 12 weeks raise, among high dosage group, low dosage group, high fat diet group and normal control group, the weight was (32.8 ± 1.5), (40.4 ± 1.9), (40.7 ± 2.1) and (33.5 ± 1.3) g, respectively (F = 55.26, P < 0.05); average food intake was (3.48 ± 0.56), (3.69 ± 0.76), (3.66 ± 0.81) and (3.54 ± 0.61) g/d respectively (F = 0.26, P > 0.05); fasting blood-glucose was (5.29 ± 1.59), (6.13 ± 1.75), (7.63 ± 1.09) and (4.24 ± 0.98) mmol/L respectively (F = 9.54, P < 0.01); serum insulin level was (1.97 ± 0.10), (2.44 ± 0.24), (3.02 ± 0.36) and (1.48 ± 0.28) ng/ml respectively (F = 47.58, P < 0.01); the area under blood glucose concentration curve was (25.81 ± 1.44), (30.42 ± 2.01), (35.17 ± 1.20) and (21.03 ± 1.24) mmol×L(-1)×h(-1), respectively (F = 64.98, P < 0.05); insulin resistance index was (9.84 ± 3.78), (13.69 ± 4.48), (21.54 ± 3.27) and (5.81 ± 1.59) respectively (F = 30.18, P < 0.01); serum total cholesterol (TC) level was (4.05 ± 0.88), (4.30 ± 0.48), (4.73 ± 0.66) and (3.37 ± 0.40) mmol/L respectively (F = 6.70, P < 0.01); serum triglyceride (TG) level was (0.90 ± 0.09), (0.98 ± 0.09), (1.05 ± 0.06) and (0.76 ± 0.26) mmol/L respectively (F = 6.75, P < 0.01); serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was (2.91 ± 0.59), (3.34 ± 0.46), (4.89 ± 0.42) and (3.24 ± 0.37) mmol/L respectively (F = 31.73, P < 0.01); serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was (0.25 ± 0.15), (0.42 ± 0.19), (0.72 ± 0.12) and (0.32 ± 0.11) mmol/L, respectively (F = 17.27, P < 0.01); free fatty acids (FFA) level was (1.06 ± 0.03), (1.05 ± 0.05), (1.18 ± 0.32) and (1.04 ± 0.02) mmol/L, respectively (F = 1.36, P > 0.05); HDL-C/LDL-C was (13.77 ± 5.51), (9.11 ± 3.53), (7.04 ± 1.65) and (11.21 ± 3.31), respectively (F = 5.24, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe β-glucan in highland barley reduced the serum glucose and serum lipid, as well as insulin resistance and the risk of arterial sclerosis in high-fat induced C57 mouse.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hordeum ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Triglycerides ; blood ; beta-Glucans ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in the efficacy on the symptoms of bronchial asthma at the chronic persistent stage between acupoint heat-sensitive moxibustion and western medicine with Seretide.

METHODSSixty-four cases were randomly divided into a heat-sensitive moxibustion group (32 cases) and a western medication group (32 cases). In the heat-sensitive moxibustion group, the sensitized points located between Feishu (BL 13) and Geshu (BL 17) or in the region 6-cun lateral from the 1st and the 2nd intercostal spaces of the chest were selected. The heat-sensitive moxibustion was adopted, continuously for 8 days, once per day. In the later 22 days of the 1st month, 12 treatments should be ensured. Two months later, 15 treatments should be guaranteed each month. The time of each treatment was 30 to 90 min. Totally 50 treatments were required. In the western medication group, Seretide inhaler was adopted, one inhalation each time, twice per day, for 3 months totally. The asthmatic symptoms were scored for the patients in two groups and the comparison was made between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter 3 months of treatment, the asthmatic symptom scores were all improved for the patients in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the western medication group as compared with those before treatment (both P < 0.05). In 6 months of follow-up visit, the asthmatic symptom scores in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group were stable, but those in the western medication group were reduced, there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint heat-sensitive moxibustion effectively relieves the clinical symptoms for the patients with bronchial asthma at the chronic persistent stage. Its efficacy is similar to that of Seretide inhaler. But the long-term efficacy of the heat-sensitive moxibustion is much better.

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Albuterol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Androstadienes ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; therapy ; Chronic Disease ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods

OBJECTIVESTo examine the anti-oncogenic effects of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) on bladder cancer and to explore its molecular mechanisms of growth suppression.

METHODSWild-type PML was transfected into bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) and expressed in a replication-deficient adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system and introduced into human bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) in vitro and in vivo. The effect and mechanisms of the PML gene in cell growth, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells were studied using in vitro and in vivo growth assays, soft agar colony-forming assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay.

RESULTSOverexpression of PML in 5637 cells significantly reduced their growth rate and clonogenicity on soft agar. PML suppressed bladder cancer cell growth by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated PML (Ad-PML) significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity and growth of bladder cancer cells. Intratumoral injection of Ad-PML into tumors induced by 5637 cells dramatically suppressed their growth.

CONCLUSIONSThe results indicated that overexpression of PML protein may promote efficient growth inhibition of human bladder cancer cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and adenovirus-mediated PML (Ad-PML) expression efficiently suppresses human bladder cancer growth.

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein ; Transcription Factors ; analysis ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; pathology

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(SPJ)on cancer cach-exia in mice with colon adenocarcinoma. Methods BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with mu-rine colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells to induce ca-chexia. The model animals were randomly divided into three groups: model group, SPJ low dose group and high dose group. Gavage started on the 4th day after inoculation, and the dosage regimen was as follows:the normal and model groups were given 10 mL·kg-1 saline, qd ×27; the low dose and high dose groups were treated with 20 and 60 mg·kg-1SPJ respective-ly, qd ×27. After treatment, the effects of SPJ on body weight, tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle,spleen and epididymal fat changes of cachexia mice were observed. HE and Western blot were used to measure the changes of cross section of gastrocnemius muscle fibers and the expression of NF-κB,PAX7 and MuRF1 protein level in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle. Results Compared with model group, the administration of SPJ could effectively re-duce the weight loss (P <0.05), increase muscle mass (P<0.05) and decrease muscle tissue degrada-tion in cachexia mice. Meanwhile,SPJ significantly re-duced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum (P <0.05) and decreased the expression of NF-κB. Con-clusion SPJ can improve cancer cachexia in mice in a dose-dependent manner. The potential mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB mediated in-flammatory factor expression.

BACKGROUNDSevoflurane is currently used as a volatile inhalation anesthetic with many clinical advantages. A representative degradation product, compound A, was quantitatively measured to investigate whether there are different reactions between two kinds of water content sevoflurane formulations with different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents.

METHODSA closed-circle breathe bag with the Dräger Fabius GS anesthesia apparatus was used as an artificial rubber lung. The experiments were grouped according to different sevoflurane formulations: group A: higher-water sevoflurane (Ultane); group B: lower-water sevoflurane (Sevoness). During the experiment, CO2 (200 ml/min) was continually perfused to keep the end-tidal pressure of CO2 (P(ET)CO2) at 35 - 45 mmHg. The artificial ventilation was set to 6 L/min, and the breathing rate at 12 breaths/min. The circuit was operated with constant fresh gas flow rate (1 L/min) and the sevoflurane concentration was kept at 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 240 minutes. At 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes, gas was collected from the Y-piece. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to quantify the major degradation product, compound A, with different water content sevoflurane. PETCO2 and sevoflurane concentration, and the temperature of the canister were continuously monitored during the experiment.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in P(ET)CO2 and sevoflurane concentrations between the two groups. Drägersorb 800 plus produced the highest concentrations of compound A compared with other sodalimes, and Sevoness in Drägersorb 800 plus generated more compound A than Ultane (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the peak and average compound A concentrations between Ultane and Sevoness with Drägersorb 800 plus (P < 0.05), while the compound A concentration produced by Sodasorb grase and sofonolime in the two groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the same group, the peak and average of compound A concentration produced by Sodasorb grase and sofonolime showed significant difference with Drägersorb 800 plus (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe water content of sevoflurane and potassium hydroxide in CO2 absorbent can influence compound A production.

Absorption ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Ethers ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated ; chemistry ; Methyl Ethers ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine the outcome of anatomically corrective repair and traditional repair of corrected transposition of great arteries (c-TGA) with heart anomaly.

METHODSFrom April 2002 to December 2006, nineteen patients including fourteen male and five female with c-TGA, underwent operations, age ranged from 2 to 22 years old and weight ranged from 10 to 48 kg. Fifteen of them received anatomically corrective repair and the other four received traditional repair. Eighteen patients were referred to SLL (segmental anatomy) in situs solitus while fifteen of them with levocardia and three with dextrocardia. One patient was referred to IDD (segmental anatomy) in situs inversus with levocardia. Associated cardiac lesions included ventricular defect in eighteen patients, double outlet of right ventricle in one patient, pulmonary stenosis in seventeen patients and pulmonary hypertension in two patients. The operative procedures to anatomically correct atrioventricular discordance included an atrial switch plus a ventricle-arterial switch. The atrial switch was performed using the modified Senning procedure (n=13), Senning procedure (n=1) and Mustard procedure (n=1). The ventricle-arterial switch was performed using a Rastelli procedure (n=13) or an arterial switch (n=2). The patients underwent Mustard and Rastelli procedure had received bi-direct Gleen shunt due to postoperative high pressure of superior vena cava. Three patients underwent traditional cardiac repair because of small ventricular septal defect and one patient was reoperated to undergo traditional cardiac repair because of left ventricular failure after received anatomically corrective repair.

RESULTSIn the patients received anatomically corrective repair, there was one early operative death received a modified Senning atrial switch and an arterial switch. The cause of death was acute myocardial failure due to imperfect coronary transfer. The postoperative complications included severe low cardiac output syndrome (n=1), temporary atrioventricular block (n=1) and thorax cavity fluidify (n=1). The survivors were followed up for 6 months to 4 years. All were sinus cardiac rhythm and in NYHA class I or II. There was no death in the patients received traditional repair. Four patients were followed up for 1 year. Three patients were in NYHA I or II class and one patient in class II.

CONCLUSIONSAnatomically corrective repair of c-TGA can be performed with good operative survival and intermediate-term outcome. The patients with good right ventricular function and well developed tricuspid valve who were difficult to undergo anatomically corrective repair might be fit to receive traditional repair.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Transposition of Great Vessels ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome