Objective Perioperative fluid therapy has always been the most basic and important measure to maintain the stability of patients'cyclic system.Colloid and crystalloid,as common perioperative fluid,play different roles in clinical application due to the different molecular sizes.In the recent years,besides their contribution to maintain the stability of cyclic system,scientists have begun to pay attention to the effect on coagulation,especially their comparison.This paper mainly discusses the study status of the influence on coagulation produced by different liquids.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of the intratracheal instillation of sodium nitroprusside for treating persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) .Methods The intratracheal instillation of sodium nitroprusside was used to 19 cases of PPHN under the mechanical ventilation ,and the pulmonary arterial mean pressure(PAMP) ,arterial mean pressure(AMP) ,transcutaneous oxygen saturation(TcSaO2 ) of the right upper and left lower limb at the basic state ,30 ,60 ,120min after intratracheal instillation of sodium nitroprusside were respectively measured and compared .Results Among 19 cases of PPHN ,17 cases had the primary lung disease .Of 17 cases ,14 cases(82 .35% ) had significant decrease of PAMP after intratracheal instillation of sodium nitroprusside ,which was most significant at 30min after therapy and the difference was statistically significant compared with before therapy [(21 .30 ± 4 .200)mm Hg vs .(30 .30 ± 4 .20)mm Hg ,P<0 .05] ,but AMP between before and after therapy had no statistical difference [(56 .00 ± 3 .00)mm Hg vs .(55 .00 ± 6 .00)mm Hg ,P>0 .05] .Conclusion The intratracheal instillation of sodium nitroprusside is the safe ,effective and economic method for treating PPHN .

Books ; Language ; Linguistics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Objective To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in bladder urothelial carcinoma(BUC) and its clinical significance, and to evaluate its prognostic value, thus to help predict the prognosis and choose therapy protocal. Methods The expression of TS was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 54 BUC and 15 normal bladder specimens, and all these clinical data were retrospectively analyzed after surgery. Expression of TS,clinicopathologic findings and two prognostic variances (relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS)) were determined. The prognostic value of TS was estimated by survival curve and Cox proportional hazards model. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that 25 of 54 BUC cases (46. 30%) had high TS expression. In these cases,there was 29. 41%o (5/17) for G1 ,46. 43% (13/28) for G2,77. 78% (7/9) for G3 ;21.43% (3/14) for Ta, 26. 32% (5/19) for T1, 86. 67% ( 13/15 ) for T2,66.67% (2/3) for T3,66.67% (2/3) for T4. Expression of TS was positively associated with the grade and stage of carcinorma ( Kruskal - Wallis H, P = 0. 0 3 and P ＜ 0. 0 0 1 ). The recurrence and case - fatality of patients with high TS expression was 60. 00% (15/25) and 44. 00% (11/25) ,respectively. The survival analysis and Cox regression analysis showed that expression of TS were independent predictor for recurrence ( RR = 2. 65,95% CI was 0.80～8.81,P＜0.05) anddeath (RR=1.42,95%CIwas0. 36～5.58,P＜0. 05). Conclusions The probability of BUC progress and recurrence increases with the increasing of TS expression. Detection of TS expressing level can contribute to select appropriate treatment and follow-up schema.

Objective To explore the effect of swallowing training on dysphagia in patients with head and neck neoplasm receiving ra-diotherapy. Methods 60 patients with head and neck neoplasm receiving radiotherapy from March, 2014 to August, 2015 were divided into intervention group (n=30) and control group (n=30) randomly. The control group received routine nursing and relevant health education, while the intervention group received swallowing training from 2 weeks before to 3 months after radiotherapy. They were assessed with Functional Oral Intake Scale and M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory 1 week, 3 months after radiotherapy. Results The scores of Function-al Oral Intake Scale (Z=-3.195, P<0.01), the total score of M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and the subscores (t>4.385, P<0.01) were better in the intervention group than in the control group 1 week after radiotherapy, as well as 3 months after radiotherapy (Z=-4.436, P<0.01;t>5.361, P<0.01). Conclusion Swallowing training could improve the condition of dysphagia of head and neck neoplasm patients after radiotherapy.

Objective To study the dosimetric characteristics of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD).Methods A total of 350 pieces of TLD 2000 type TLDs having the same sensitivity within ± 3.0％ were selected.The TLDs were irradiated to study the repeatability and dosage effect of TLDs by using 6 MV X-rays and 125I seeds.In order to study the dose response,the TLDs were irradiated at different dosages by using 137Cs (662 keV γ-rays),125I seeds and 6 MV X-rays.In order to study the energy response,the TLDs were exposed to the same dose,from 125I seeds,137Cs and X-rays(48,65,83,118,250 keV and 6 MV).Results The maximum deviations of the repeatability were 2.7％ and 4.0％ for 6 MV X-rays and 125I seeds,respectively,and there was no effect of dose rate observed.The dose response of TLDs to 137Cs and 125I seeds were linear.For 6 MV X-rays,the linear response was within the range of 0.74-10 Gy and non-linear range was beyond 10 Gy.The energy response to 125I seeds,48,65,83,118,250 keV and6 MV X-rays,relative to the energy response of 137Cs,were 1.70,1.25,1.08,0.99,0.91,0.96 and 1.22,respectively.Conclusions TLD 2000 has a good repeatability and linear dose response for 137Cs,125I seeds and 6 MV X-rays with no dose rate effects,but the dose response is energy dependent.

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) which can effectively control the disease.Oral cavity,anatomically near nasopharyngeal region is the main area for the occurrence of complication of radiotherapy.Second primary malignancy (SPM) in oral cavity is an important factor interferencing NPC patients survival rate.The etiology of oral SPM is unclear and,the prognosis is poor.The research of it is still in exploration.

Objective To observe the effect of memantine on NR1 ,NR2A ,NR2B of N‐methyl‐das‐partate receptor and learning or memory ability in vascular dementia (VaD) rats .Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ,VaD model group and me‐mantine treatment group (10 in each group) .A rat VaD model was established by permanent liga‐tion of bilateral common carotid arteries .Rats in memantine treatment group received gastric me‐mantine 10 mg/(kg · d) 1 week after operation while those in model group received normal sa‐line .Five weeks after operation ,their learning or memory ability was tested by Morris water maze test ,expressions of NR1 ,NR2A and NR2B were detected by Western blot .Results The escape latency was significantly longer whereas the percentage of target quadrant and expression levels of NR1 ,NR2A and NR2B were significantly lower in model group than in sham operation group (P=0 .001 ,P=0 .002 ,P<0 .05) .The learning or memory ability and the expression levels of NR1 ,NR2A and NR2B were significantly higher in memantine treatment group than in model group but still lower in memantine treatment group than in sham operation group ( P< 0 .05) . Conclusion Memantine can improve the learning or memory ability of VaD rats by upregulating the expression of NR1 ,NR2A and NR2B in their hippocampus .

Objective To establish and stabilize a new HLA-B locus typing strategy, reference strand mediated conformation analysis(RSCA)system and to conform its advantages.Methods Of 27 hematopoitic stem cell transplant patients and 63 potential donors DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood cells and HLA-B loci were both typed by RSCA and PCR-SSP methods. The (ambi)-(guous) results were identified by using DNA sequencing. Results Among 90 samples, 87/90 ((96.7) %) cases could be designated definitely, but one of them was disagreement with the SSP result which was confirmed by sequencing, and 67/90 ((74.4) %) cases could be typed to allelic level. 1/90 ((1.1) %) case could not be identified by RSCA for its bad PCR results. Only one allele of each 2 samples could be designated and the other could not be identified by RSCA, which were further confirmed by sequencing method, and the results confessed which were known as alleles, but there were no corresponding data in RSCA database. Twenty samples were randomly selected to identify the replication rate of RSCA, and the results demonstrated that the replication rate was 100 %. Among PCR-SSP typing results, about 10 % samples might be typed for 1-3 times to confirm their types. Conclusion RSCA had some advantages such as high resolution, high sensitivity, high accuracy, high replication, finding new alleles, large scale and low cost, and was especially suitable for unrelated donor-recipient (screening).

The total glycoside extracted from the root of cynanchum oiophy-llum schneid ( COS ) has anticonvulsant activity. Its effect on synap-tosomal amino acid contents and brain enzyme activities in mice were studied in this paper. After the ip administration of COS, the content of GABA was increased, and that of Glu and Asp decreased, in synaptosomes of both normal and TSC induced convulsant mice, while the content of Gin remained unchanged. A fall in the activities of GDH, glutaminase and asparaginase in whole brain was seen. No changes were observed in the activities of GPT, GOT and glutamine synthetase.