Gut microflora , an important part in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis , can participate in the development of intestinal mucosal immune system , promote the synthesis of secreted IgA ( sIgA) and interact with intestinal immune cells .Gut micro-flora also plays a significant role in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases , irritable bowel syndrome , pediatric allergic disea-ses and other disorders .This paper reviews the advances about the correlation of gut microflora and intestinal mucosal immunity .

AIM:To study the difference of the chemical constituents between raw Radix Aucklandiae and Radix Aucklandiae roasted with wheat bran.METHODS:UV,HPLC and TLC were performed to analyze the chemical constituents before and after the processing.The constituents absorbed by wheat bran during the processing A.lappa.were isolated by silica gel CC.Their structures were identified by spectral analysis.RESULTS:The result of UV,HPLC and TLC showed that change of the chemical constituents in after the roasting had taken place.Two maior chemical constituents absorbed by wheat bran were dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide.CONCLUSION:The difference in sesquiterpeneoide before and after the processing of Radix Aucklandiae may be the evidence that the roasting with bran is to the benefit oftherapeutic effect.

AIM:To study the difference of the chemical constituents between raw Radix Aucklandiae and Radix Aucklandiae roasted with wheat bran.METHODS:UV,HPLC and TLC were performed to analyze the chemical constituents before and after the processing.The constituents absorbed by wheat bran during the processing A.lappa.were isolated by silica gel CC.Their structures were identified by spectral analysis.RESULTS:The result of UV,HPLC and TLC showed that change of the chemical constituents in after the roasting had taken place.Two major chemical constituents absorbed by wheat bran were dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide.CONCLUSION:The difference in sesquiterpeneoide before and after the processing of Radix Aucklandiae may be the evidence that the roasting with bran is to the benefit of therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the causes of an outbreak of 168 cases of incisional infection in one hospital.Methods The secretory substances of incisioral wound infection from 168 cases of operation patients were collected,cultured and identified in bacterium strain.We also did drug sensitivity test,pathological examination and investigation of environment.Results Above these experinental studies demostrated that the large-scale outbreak of incisiona infection was caused by mycobacterium chelonei in operation room.Used 0.137% glutaradehyde as disinfectant immersion surgical tools ,but the concentration too low to kill the mycobacterium chelonei,which polluted the hickeyes of surgical instrument.The pollution leading to outbreak of incisional infection.Conclusions By reason of the event lesson,authors suggest that the doctors and nurses should strengthen the detection of atypical mycobacterium,so as to reduce the iatrogenic infection,reducing,or stoping the outbreak of incisinal Infection.

The content of bicarbonate ( HCO-3 ) and carbonate ( CO2-3 ) ions in groundwater and lake water reflects a broad set of carbon cycling reactions associated with decomposition or synthesis of organic compounds with mineral dissolution or precipitation, which indicates the local geochemical environment. However, the content of HCO-3 and CO2-3 changes easily under the influence of pH, temperature, atmosphere pressure in the process of sampling, transportation and storage, so it has been a worldwide problem to determine the real content of HCO-3 and CO2-3 ions in groundwater and lake water. This article proposed a new way to solve the problem by fast field detection of HCO-3 and CO2-3 ions through the use of pH electrode combined with carbon dioxide electrode. Studies showed in the base solution of pH=4. 8 ± 0. 1, the detection range of HCO-3 ion was 0. 027-570 mg/L and that of CO2-3 was 1. 25 ×10-8-39. 7 mg/L. In the most case, the coexisting ions and weak acid ( K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO2-4 <100 mg/L;HSO-3 , NO-2 , HOAc<50 mg/L) did not interfere with the analysis. The method was validated for real water samples and the recoveries were in the range of 95. 2%-99. 2% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2. 6%-3. 7%. Compared with the acid-base titration method, the accuracy of this method had proved to be good. However, the method could be affected by temperature, so the standard solution and samples should be measured at the same temperature. Above all, this method is suitable for fast field analysis for HCO-3 and CO2-3 ions in the nature water as it is sensitive, fast, economical, and the electrodes are easy to carry and operate. It has been successfully applied in the determination of HCO-3 and CO2-3 in groundwater and lake water in Qinghai Province. Experiment showed that the pH of the groundwater samples from Haidong district was 6 . 4-7 . 4 , with 234-4096 mg/L HCO-3 and 0. 16-1. 89 mg/L CO2-3 . The pH of the lake water samples was about 8. 7, with 1. 36-1. 86 g/L HCO-3 and 32. 3-43. 9 mg/L CO2-3 , which was consistent with the previous results.

Background The primary management for nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the combination of lacrimal duct probing with lacrimal duct stent implantation.However,conventional implant is undegradable.New degradable lacrimal duct prosthesis based on biopolymer materials is a research hotspot.Objective This study described herein a preparation method of novel degradable lacrimal duct prosthesis and its application.Methods A new degradable lacrimal tube stent was prepared with compound of poly L lactic acid (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) (6:4) and 15％ polyethylene glycol (PEG).Thirty-two Japanese rabbits aged 3-4 months were randomized into postoperative 1-week group,postoperative 4-week group,postoperative 8-week group and postoperative 16-week group.The degradable lacrimal tube stents were inserted into the lacrimal ducts of the left eyes of the rabbits.The prosthesis was removed in corresponding time points according to grouping,and the integrity and weight of the prosthesis were evaluated.The mucosal findings of the operative eyes were examined under the endoscope,and the histopathological and inflammatory reaction was observed by hematoxylin & eosin stain.The ultrastructure of the lacrimal mucosal surface was examined under the scanning electron microscope.The use and care of the rabbits complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The new degradable PLLA:PCL+15％ PEG lacrimal duct stents were smooth,flexible and hydrophilic tubes.The removed tubes were intact in the postoperative 1-week group,however,the rupture of the tubes appeared in the postoperative 4-week group,while discrete pieces of the tubes were seen in the postoperative 16-week group.The weight-loss rates of the tubes were (13.44±6.59)％,(23.96±6.33)％,(55.08-± 6.55) ％ and (78.00±8.74) ％ in the postoperative 1-week group,postoperative 4-week group,postoperative 8-week group and postoperative 16-week group,respectively,and the weight-loss rate of the tubes was significantly higher in the postoperative 16-week group than those in the postoperative 8-week group (q =4.27,P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the weight-loss rate of the tubes between postoperative 1-week group and postoperative 4-week group (q =1.71,P＞0.05).The edema,hyperemia and mild proliferation of the lacrimal mucosal were exhibited in the eyes of the postoperative 4-and 8-week groups,and the mucosal findings were almost normal in the eyes of the postoperative 16-week group under the endoscope.Histopathological examination showed a large number of inflammatory cells in the postoperative 1-,4-and 8-week groups.However,few inflammatory cells were seen in the postoperative 16-week group.Mucosal folds,microvillus decrease and disorder were displayed in the lacrimal duct of the postoperative 8-week group,and no evident abnormality was seen in the lacrimal duct mucosal surface.No postoperative complication occurred in all the rabbits.Conclusions PLLA:PCL+15％ PEG lacrimal duct stent has an appropriate degradation speed and good biocompatibility after implant in rabbits,and its decay period of mechanical strength could match lacrimal duct healing period.

Objective To analyze distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood specimens of inpa-tients,so as to guiding the principle of clinical use of antibacterials and improve clinical efficacy.Methods The results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test of 2 125 blood specimens,from November 2012 to November 2014,in the Rizhao Hospital of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 233 strains of pathogens were isolated(the positive rate was 10.96%),including 57 strains of gram-positive coccus(accounted for 24.46%)and 1 74 strains of gram-negative bacilli(accoun-ted for 74.68%).The coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were most common in gram-positive coccus,the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)were 84.2% and 40.0%,respectively.The rate of drug resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin were no less than 80.0%.The Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseud-omonas aeruginosa were most common in gram-negative bacilli,the detection rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 35.85% and 28.13%,respectively.The sensitive rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem were both 100.0%.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli is the most common pathogen in this hospital and multidrug resistance is observed.Therefore,cultures of blood specimen should be timely submitted in order to guiding the rational antimicrobial application in clinic.

Objective Tongue shape and motion is one of the important references for tongue diagnosis.However, current tongue image objectification of tongue diagnosis cannot express the characteristics of tongue.Methods In order to increase shape and dynamic information about the tongue, the methods of key frame selection and linear interpolation were used to tongue 3D dynamic visualization reconstruction model on the basis of 3D static visual model.For the convenient use of the tongue 3D dynamic visualization model, this paper put forward a model of 3D dynamic visualization interaction system which was realized based on DirectX.Results The 3D dynamic visualization model not only had a static visual model of texture and depth information, but also could intuitively describe the tongue motion.Conclusions It provides a method for the auxiliary tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Objective To evaluate the MUC1 promoter's role in driving gene expression in pancreatic cancer and its therapeutic significance.Methods Two plasmids were made.The plasmid pEGFP-MUC1N1 contained MUC1 promoter fragment connected to the pEGFP-N1 vector with the EGFG reporter gene.The pShuttle-MUC1-EGFP plasmid contained MUC1 promoter fragment and EGFP reporter gene connected to pShuttle plasmid.Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect the two plasmids into cells of MUC1-positive human pancreatic cell line Panc-1 and MUC1-negative human cervical carcinoma Hela.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry compared the specificity and activity of the MUC1 promoter and CMV promoter.Results Reporter gene EGFP-positive cells 48 hours after transfection with pEGFP-MUC1-N1 and pShuttleMUC1-EGFP plasmid were 69.6％ and 63.6％ respectively,in Panc-1 cells,and 4.2％ and 3.7％ respectively,in Hela cells.Conclusions MUC1 promoter can drive reporter gene activity in MUC1-positive tumor cells targeting functional expression.There is potentially a use of targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer at the genetic level.