This quasi -experimental study was intended to test the effect of self-help group program, which is one of the way to enhance adaptation and quality of life to mastectomy patients. Data was collected from July 14, 1998 to Oct. 31, 1998 at two Medical Center in Seoul. The subjects for this study were the patients who had undergone mastectomy and were follow-up: 14 in experimental group and 14 in control group matched with age and treatment. The instruments for this study were adaptation in Lee(1994)'s physical symptom questionnaire, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS, 1965), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS, 1970), quality of life in Spranger(1996)'s and No(1988)'s Quality of Life Questionnaire. The self-help group program for mastectomy patients was developed based on literature review and pilot study by the investigator. The subjects of experimental group were participated in 6 weeks self - help group program and were received arm and shoulder exercise, informational support, and interpersonal support by group members. The control group were received no intervention. Both group answered questionnaires prior to intervention and 6 weeks later. The data analyzed by frequency, chi-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS WIN. The results are as follows; Hypothesis 1, The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on adaptation state than control group. was not supported. But the posttest score of anxiety and depression in experimental group were declined and the depression score was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 2, The experimental group with the selp-help group program will have a higher score on quality of life than control group. was not supported. But the posttest score of quality of life in experimental group was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 3, The higher adaptation state of mastectomy patients, the higher quality of life. was supported(r=.80, p .001). Additionally, the lower physical symptom, depression and anxiety, the higher quality of life. And depression, which was the main predictor of quality of life, accounted for 59.5%, depression and anxiety accounted for 65.5% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, when the self-help group program was intervened to mastectomy patients, it was tended to increase quality of life and to reduce depression and anxiety. So self-help group program can be considered useful nursing intervention effect on adaptation and quality of life of mastectomy patients. With discussion, I suggest repeated further research on self-help group with appropriate sample size and longitudinal study. Also during adjuvant therapy, it is needed to develop convenient method to be supported from peer group and family, such as computer mediated support group.
Anxiety ; Arm ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mastectomy* ; Nursing ; Peer Group ; Pilot Projects ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel ; Sample Size ; Self-Help Groups* ; Seoul ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: This study aimed at uncovering the disabled adult's way of thinking and behavior due to their changed life style. METHOD: In depth interviews with 11 participants were held and analysed based on the Grounded Theory Methodology by Strauss and Corbin (1990). RESULT: This study showed us that the disabled are getting independent by selfconfidence through developing coping strategies for their physical, emotional, social, sexual problems. And in the process of creating these strategies, support structures, satisfaction for performance effect, financial burdens, and mobility had an effect on the intervening factors. Adults who become disabled go through many changes. First, they have vague hopes of improving. Second, they become discouraged. Third, they accept their disability. Next, they learn coping strategies and finally, they integrate the changes into their new life style. CONCLUSION: This study can be utilized in rehabilitation nursing so that the disabled can adapt to their changed life style quickly and lead independent and self-confident lives.
Adult* ; Hope ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Thinking

PURPOSE: to test of the reliability and validity of the Disabled's Motivation for Rehabilitation Scale. which was developed in 2002. METHOD: An experimental version of the scale was distributed to a sample of 441 disabled with ages above 18 and below 80 years. The subjects of the test-retest were 60 disabled. RESULTS: revealed a satisfactory level of test-retest and internal consistency. The overall fit of the factor model to the data was good. Correlation among the subscales revealed a simple pattern that, in general. provides support for the self- determination continuum and the construct validity. In testing concurrent, criterion-validity, there was a positive correlation between the motivation scores for rehabilitation and the Health-Related Hardiness scores and a negative correlation between the motivation scores for rehabilitation and the Learned Helplessness scores. CONCLUSION: The Disabled's Motivation for Rehabilitation Scale revealed a useful instrument with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this instrument can be effectively utilized in rehabilitative nursing for the disabled.
Helplessness, Learned ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Rehabilitation* ; Reproducibility of Results*

The propose of this study was to identify fatigue, pain and coping of pain and to compare the variables between fibromyalgia and chronic arthritis. The sample consisted of 133 patients who visited H university hospital. Data were collected by questionnaire from May 1 to September 30, 1999. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. chi-test. pearson correlation coefficient. and ANOVA. As a results, most of all patients felt fatigue and the mean score of the fatigue was above average. The mean score of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients on pain was higher than Osteoarthritis patients. and there was the statistically significant difference among three groups on pain(F=10.63. p=0.00). There was also the statistical difference among three groups on coping of pain(F=4.74, p=0.01). The mean score of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients on coping of pain was higher than Osteoarthritis patients. Fatigue showed positive relationship with pain(r= .262, p= .002). and pain showed positive relationship with coping of pain(r=.319. p=.000). According to this finding, fibromyalgia patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients felt high fatigue and pain, therefore the development of nursing intervention for relieving fatigue and pain would be needed.
Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Fatigue* ; Fibromyalgia* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Osteoarthritis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was conducted to investigate the use of medical equipment in patients receiving home care service. The subjects of this study were 88 patients cared by seven home care nursed who were registered in the Seoul Nurses Association. Data was collected from Aug. 1, 1998 to Dec. 30, 1998. The findings are as follows. 1. The sample was found to be 55.7% female : 51.7% over 65 years old. 75% with neurologic disease including CVA, brain tumor, ICH, Parkinsonism & Spinal stenosis and 78.4% living in Seoul. The Clinical experience of the home care nurses was greater than five years. 2. Medical equipment which the patients port sensed were folly catheters(61.4%), L-tubes(59.1%) and tracheostomy tubes(51.1%). 3. Technical difficulties in use of medical equipment were related to home care ventilators(60.0%), L-tubes(3.8%) and tracheostomy tubes (2.2%) 4. Most of the medical equipment were obtained from the hospital where they had been admitted previously or from medical equipment companies. 5. Complications from the use of this equipment were infection through invasive techniques Including wound drainage tubes(50%), and IV injections(22.2%), The complications were resolved through referral to the doctor of the hospital where they were previously admitted or through community health centers. 6. Most of the equipment was disposable, and equipment was disinfected by using various methods including boiling and soaking in antiseptic solutions. These findings suggest that consistant policy on the management of medical equipment is necessary for the safety of home care patients.
Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; Community Health Centers ; Drainage ; Female ; Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Referral and Consultation ; Seoul ; Spinal Stenosis ; Tracheostomy ; Wounds and Injuries

This study was designed to offer descriptive data for nursing intervention for relief of fatigue and pain, and to distinguish by the characteristic difference and the symptoms such as fatigue and pain on Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Fibromyalgia(FM), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) patients. The sample consisted of 92 patients(AS 29; FM 30; SLE 33) who visited H-University Rheumatism Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire from May 1, 1999 to April 30, 2000. The results were as follows: Patients of 95% experienced fatigue in the last week and a fatigue score of three disease groups were above average. The fatigue score of FM patients was highest in the other disease, but which was not a statistically significant difference(F=1.417, p=.248). The mean score of AS and FM patients in pain was higher than the SLE patients, and there was the statistical significance among the three groups on pain (F=8.239, p=.001). There wasn't a statistical difference among three groups on coping wtih pain(F=1.451, p=.240). There wasn't any correlation between fatigue and pain in each disease (AS: r=.008, p=.966; FM: r=.328, p=.077; SLE: r=.237,p=.185). Therefore, morning stiffness and pain management during sleeping is needed through good body alignment in the AS patients. Adequate rest for fatigue and multiple coping strategies for pain maybe basic nursing intervention in FM and SLE. According to their fatigue rhythm, a regular exercise program is needed for rheumatic disease because they complained of fatigue above average and their fatigue was repeated better and worse only during the one week.
Fatigue* ; Fibromyalgia ; Humans ; Nursing ; Pain Management ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Seoul ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effects of self-administered hand reflexology on level of fatigue in college student nurses during clinical practice. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental research with pre and post-test design was used. Forty-seven student nurses in clinical practice were assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed self-hand reflexology for 10 minutes once a day during the 5 days of clinical practice. RESULTS: 1. While there was a significant difference in degree of fatigue and fatigue scores in the experimental group over time, there was no significant difference between the two groups. 2. Vigor score for the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group during the 5 days except for day 5, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. Levels of fatigue for the experimental group increased after 1 hour in the 1st post time, but there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Self-administered hand reflexology was not found to be an effective method for relieving fatigue for student nurses in clinical practice. Also physiological effects were not identified in this study, and so further research is needed.
Complementary Therapies ; Fatigue* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Massage* ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: to develop an instrument to assess the rehabilitation motivation and to test its reliability and validity. METHOD: The data was collected with in-depth interviews of nine participants that include adults with disabilities acquired after they reached 18 years' of age. The development of the preliminary items was based on the theory of self-determination proposed by Deci and Ryan (1985) and the results from the analysis of the data. After these, appropriate specialists clarified the validity of the contents of the preliminary items twice. A test to reliability and validity was conducted with 186 disabled. A principal axis factor analysis with oblimin rotation was performed on 29 items. RESULT: Finally 27 items were selected. The 5-factor solution emerged as the most appropriate model for the data. The different types of motivation for rehabilitation were identified as: task-oriented motivation, change- oriented motivation, obligatory motivation, external motivation, and amotivation. The alpha coefficient of internal consistency was .85. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the instrument to measure motivation for the rehabilitation of the disabled may be a useful instrument with a high degree of reliability and validity.
Adult ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Disabled Persons ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Motivation* ; Rehabilitation* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Specialization

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between decision-making factors(theoretical knowledge, expertise, empowerment, intuition) and participation in proportion to nurses's clinical experience. METHOD: Data was collected by quota sampling from July 10, 2001 to August 22, 2001 from 132 clinical nurses who work for 3 General hospitals. Data was analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: Expertise(F=34.347, p=.000), empowerment(F=29.316, p=.000), and participation(F=3.276, p=.041) were significantly different among 3 clinical experience groups. Clinical experience correlated with expertise(r=.551, p=.000) and empowerment(r=.492, p=.000), and Decision-making participation also correlated with expertise(r=.351, p=.000) and empowerment(r=.265, p=.002). Decision-making participation is effected by theoretical knowledge(under 3.00yr clinical experience), expertise(3.01-5.00yr), and empowerment(above 5.01yr). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that factors(theoretical knowledge, expertise, or empowerment) on decision-making participation varies as nurses's clinical experience differs. Therefore, decision-making needs bilateral agreement between staff nurses and nurse managers rather than the responsibility of one.
Adult ; *Decision Making ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Nurses/*psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on health status(pain, trunk flexion, IADL, depression) of patients with chronic low back pain. METHOD: This study used a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design. Data were collected from December 1st, 2000 to December 20th, 2001. 63 chronic low back pain patients(35 experimental group, 28 control group) admitted to the Back-School and consented to this study. The experimental group participated in treatment : Koryo Hand-Acupuncture and AB-Bong. Two groups was homogeneity. After 4 weeks the effects of treatment on the health status was measured between experimental and control group. Data were analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, t-test, and paired t-test. RESULT: In the experimental group, pain(t=4.85, p=.000) and IADL difficulty(t=2.05, p=.045) was significantly lower than those in the control group. It makes no difference trunk flexion(t=-1.60, p=.114) and depression(t=1.50, p=.138) between experimental and control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Koryo-Hand Acupuncture is an effective method for reducing pain and IADL difficulty in patients with chronic low back pain, and is considered as a independent nursing intervention for chronic low back pain.