Gastric mucosa can be damaged by acute and chronic ethanol intake.Alcohol can cause acute and chronic gastric inflammation,such as mucosa hyperemia,edema,hemorrhage,erosion and ulcer formation.In this article we review the metabolism of ethanol,mechanism.The type of alcohol-induced gastric mucosal and therapy on gastric mucosal lesions induced by alcohol.

Alkylphenols(APs) , the second most widely used commercial non-ionic surfactants in the world, are the main degradated productions of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs). The structure, biodegradation, transportation and distribution in environment, environmental monitoring and management are reviewed in this paper. Many meaurement methods of APs show that APs possess estrogenoid effects, that mainly disturb endocrinal and reproductive system, especially, estrogen-dependent organs. APs are associated with decreased fertility, reproductive disfunction, inferbility and cancer formation. APs are able to bind estrogen receptors, to imitate or antagonize estrogen effects, to disturb formation and metabolism of endogenous hormones and receptors. APs are also able to change the structure, quantity and function of cells and to disturb the kinetics of cellcycle at cytological and molecular levels. The more work on epidemiological study and mechanism of APs are needed. Management program for controlling environmental pollution caused by APs is being speedily investigated and put into practice progressively. It is necessary to restrict the use of APEs.

This paper is prepared to discuss the common issues in data management, such as building and training of data management team, standard operation procedure, document management, execution and communication, strategies to correct and prevent mistakes, and measures to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical trials and data management.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on liver injury in the rats with ob?structive jaundice. Methods Forty?five healthy male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, aged 8-9 weeks, were divided into 3 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table: sham operation group ( S group) , obstructive jaundice group ( OJ group) and dexmedetomidine group ( D group) . Obstructive jaun?dice was induced in rats by division and double ligation of the common bile duct in OJ and D groups. Dexmedetomidine 100 μg∕kg was injected intraperitoneally at 72 h after establishment of the model in group D. At 3, 5 and 24 h after administration, blood samples were collected from hearts for determination of the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and C?reactive protein (CRP) levels. After blood sampling at each time point, the specimens from the external right lobe of the liver were obtained for detection of the expres?sion of Toll?like receptor 4 ( TLR4) mRNA ( by real?time polymerase chain reaction) and TLR4 content ( by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay) in liver tissues and for pathological examination of liver tissues ( with light microscope) . Results Compared with group S, the plasma ALT and CRP levels were significantly increased at each time point after administration, and the expression of TLR4 mRNA in liver tissues was significantly up?regulated, and TLR4 content in liver tissues was significantly increased in OJ and D groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group OJ, the plasma ALT and CRP levels were significantly decreased at each time point after administration, and the expression of TLR4 mRNA in liver tissues was significantly down?regulated, and TLR4 content in liver tissues was significantly decreased in group D ( P<0?05) . The degree of damage to liver tissues was significantly attenuated in group D compared with group OJ, and was aggrava?ted in group D compared with group S. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce liver injury in the rats with obstructive jaundice.

Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; therapy

Third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been considered as standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for hor-mone-responsive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) are prevalent among patients undergoing AI therapy;these symptoms result in reduced quality of life and poor dependence to AI treatment. The mechanisms mediating AIMSS and the effective management of AIMSS have not been extensively investigated. This article re-views the incidence, clinical characteristics, possible mechanisms, and treatment of AIMSS.

This paper is prepared to discuss the common issues in data management, such as building and training of data management team, standard operation procedure, document management, execution and communication, strategies to correct and prevent mistakes, and measures to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical trials and data management.

In recent years,along with social economic development and population aging,more and more fracture patients have received internal fixation and artificial joint replacement.Postoperative infection related to orthopedic implants is a catastrophic complication which imposes serious psychological,physiological and economic burdens on the patients.Therefore,it is necessary to be able to make an early diagnosis of the infection.However,diagnosis of implant-related infection is always a clinical problem for orthopedists.Currently,it is thought to be a valuable way to judge orthopedic implant infection by monitoring inflammatory cytokines.This article will offer an overview on the progress in research of diagnosis values of different inflammatory cytokines in postoperative infection related to orthopedic implants.

Absctact: Objective To discuss the correlation between the TCM syndromes and the clinical pathological features of central air way non-small cell lung cancer.MethodsTCM syndromes were determined through inquiry and physical examination for 109 cases of lung cancer patients. Remaining specimens after excision and routine pathological examination were under HE staining for pathological diagnosis and study. The correlation between the TCM syndromes and the clinical pathological features was analyzed.ResultsThe histological types of central airway non-small cell lung cancer comprised squamous cell carcinoma (69/109, 63.3%), salivary type carcinoma (27/109, 24.8%), adenocarcinoma (10/109, 9.2%) and other rare carcinomas (adenosquamous, 2/109, 1.8%; sarcomatoid carcinoma, 1/109, 0.9%). The clinical and pathological features showed that the elderly, male, smoking patients most commonly suffered from squamous cell carcinoma, while the young, female, non-smoking patients suffered from salivary type carcinoma most frequently. The distribution characteristics showed that the qi-yin deficiency syndrome was most common in squamous cell carcinoma and salivary type carcinoma, accounting for 41.4% (29/70) and 40.7% (11/27) respectively; qi-deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome was most common in adenocarcinoma, accounting for 50.0% (6/12). TCM syndrome types were closely related to sex, to smoking history, and to Karnofsky score respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05,P<0.01). The qi-yin deficiency syndrome was common in male, smoking patients, while the qi-deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome and yin-deficiency and heat-toxin syndrome were common in female and non-smokers. The qin-yin deficiency syndrome was common in patients of Karnofsky score≥60, and qi-deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome was most frequently found in <60 scores group.Conclusion The histological types of central air way non-small cell lung cancer are related to age, gender and smoking history of patients. Patients with different ages, genders and smoking histories distribute differently in TCM syndrome.