OBJECTIVES: To analyze sex and age distribution of global disease burden of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: CAVD data during 1990-2021 were obtained from the IHME website for Global Burden of Disease (GBD). The prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by gender and age groups. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). RESULTS: In 2021, there were 13.32 million CAVD patients and 142 000 deaths caused by CAVD globally. Age-standardized prevalence was higher in males (193.2/10⁵) than that in females (128.9/10⁵). Patients in 65-<85 age group accounted for 64.0% of total cases, while those ≥85 years old accounted for 16.1%. From 1990 to 2021, prevalence increased in both sexes with an AAPC of 0.72% for males and 0.57% for females, respectively. Prevalence grew fastest from 2000 to 2010, slowed thereafter, and declined from 2015 to 2021. In <65 years old, the mortality of males was 2.4 times higher than that of females, while in ≥85 years old, mortality of females (117.3/10⁵) exceeded that of males (99.1/10⁵). YLD rates increased with age, and were higher in males for all age groups. DALY rates decreased overall but increased in ≥85 years old, with a greater increase in females. CONCLUSIONS There are significant gender and age disparities in global disease burden of CAVD, with the elderly, especially super-elderly females deserving particular attention. It is recommended to develop personalized intervention strategies for these populations.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Calcinosis/mortality* ; Prevalence ; Global Burden of Disease ; Aged, 80 and over ; Middle Aged ; Aortic Valve/pathology* ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/epidemiology* ; Age Distribution ; Adult ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Sex Distribution ; Global Health ; Aortic Valve Disease/epidemiology* ; Sex Factors

Periodontal bone defects, primarily caused by periodontitis, are highly prevalent in clinical settings and manifest as bone fenestration, dehiscence, or attachment loss, presenting a significant challenge to oral health. In regenerative medicine, harnessing developmental principles for tissue repair offers promising therapeutic potential. Of particular interest is the condensation of progenitor cells, an essential event in organogenesis that has inspired clinically effective cell aggregation approaches in dental regeneration. However, the precise cellular coordination mechanisms during condensation and regeneration remain elusive. Here, taking the tooth as a model organ, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the cellular composition and heterogeneity of human dental follicle and dental papilla, revealing a distinct Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population with remarkable odontogenic potential. Interestingly, a reciprocal paracrine interaction between PDGFRA⁺ dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) and CD31⁺ Endomucin⁺ endothelial cells (ECs) was mediated by Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB (PDGFBB). This crosstalk not only maintains the functionality of PDGFRA⁺ DFSCs but also drives specialized angiogenesis. In vivo periodontal bone regeneration experiments further reveal that communication between PDGFRA⁺ DFSC aggregates and recipient ECs is essential for effective angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and rapid tissue repair. Collectively, our results unravel the importance of MSC-EC crosstalk mediated by the VEGFA and PDGFBB-PDGFRA reciprocal signaling in orchestrating angiogenesis and osteogenesis. These findings not only establish a framework for deciphering and promoting periodontal bone regeneration in potential clinical applications but also offer insights for future therapeutic strategies in dental or broader regenerative medicine.
Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism* ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology* ; Dental Sac/cytology* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals ; Dental Papilla/cytology* ; Periodontium/physiology* ; Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Regeneration ; Angiogenesis

Objective To explore the mechanism of modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction in regulating apolipoproteinA-Ⅰ (apoA-Ⅰ),improving endoplasmic reticulum stress,regulating glucose and lipid metabolism,and preventing and treating dyslipidemia in mice. Methods Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the WT,WT+high-fat diet(HFD),and WT+HFD+Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction(XSLJZ) groups according to the random number table method. ApoA-Ⅰ-/-mice were randomly divided into the apoA-Ⅰ-/-,apoA-Ⅰ-/-+HFD,and apoA-Ⅰ-/-+HFD+XSLJZ groups (n=10) according to the random number table method. D12492 was used for HFD feeding to establish a hyperlipidemic mouse model. Modified XSLJZ (23.66g/kg) was administered daily by gavage from the ninth week. Serum and liver tissue were collected for testing after 4 weeks. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect blood lipid levels;an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (INS) levels,and the INS resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver. Oil red O staining was used to observe the lipid deposition in the liver. TG levels in liver tissue were detected using the microplate method. Real-time PCR was used to detect apoA-Ⅰ,glucose-regulated proteins (GRP78),sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c),acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1),and fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA expression levels in liver tissue. The WES fully automated protein expression analysis system was used to detect apoA-Ⅰ,GRP78,inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1),p-IRE1,c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),p-JNK,insulin receptor substrate (IRS1),p-IRS1,protein kinase B (Akt),p-Akt,SREBP-1c,ACC1,and FASN protein expression levels in liver tissue. Results Compared to the WT group,the WT+HFD group showed a significant increase in serum lipids,FBG,INS levels,and the HOMA-IR index (P<0.05). The orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue increased,fat vacuoles were apparent,and TG levels were significantly increased. ApoA-Ⅰ mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced,whereas GRP78,SREBP-1c,ACC1,and FASN mRNA expression levels were increased,GRP78,SREBP-1c,ACC1,and FASN protein levels and the IRE1,JNK,IRS1,and Akt phosphorylation degree were increased (P<0.05). The serum TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,FBG,and INS levels and the HOMA-IR index in the WT+HFD group were significantly reduced after administering modified XSLJZ (P<0.05). The orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue were significantly reduced,fat vacuolization was alleviated,and TG levels were significantly reduced,ApoA-Ⅰ mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased,whereas GRP78,SREBP-1c,ACC1,and FASN mRNA expression levels were reduced,GRP78,SREBP-1c,ACC1,and FASN protein expression levels and the IRE1,JNK,IRS1,and Akt phosphorylation degree were reduced (P<0.05). Compared to the WT+HFD group,the TG,LDL-C,and FBG levels and HOMA-IR index in the serum of the apoA-Ⅰ-/-+HFD group were significantly increased,whereas the HDL-C levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Diffuse orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue and a significant increase in fat vacuoles were observed. Furthermore,TG levels were significantly increased,SREBP-1c,ACC1,FASN mRNA,SREBP-1c,and ACC1 protein expression levels and IRE1,JNK,IRS1,and Akt phosphorylation levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to the WT+HFD+XSLJZ group,the apoA-Ⅰ-/-+HFD+XSLJZ group showed a significant increase in serum TG,LDL-C,FBG,and INS levels,and the HOMA-IR index,whereas HDL-C levels decreased significantly (P<0.05). The deposition of orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue improved,and TG levels significantly decreased,GRP78,SREBP-1c,ACC1,and FASN mRNA expression levels,GRP78,SREBP-1c,and ACC1 protein levels,and IRE1,JNK,IRS1,and Akt phosphorylation levels increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Modified XSLJZ improves liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder by regulating apoA-Ⅰ to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress.

The key pathogenesis of coronary heart disease （CHD） is spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis， and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein （dys-HDL） may be the biological basis for the occurrence of CHD due to spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis. Considering the biological properties and effects of high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， it is believed that the structure and components of HDL are abnormal in the state of spleen deficiency which led to dys-HDL； and dys-HDL contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques through two major pathways， namely， mediating the dysfunction of endothelial cells and mediating the foaminess of macrophages and smooth muscle cells， thus triggering the development of CHD. It is also believed that dys-HDL is a microcosmic manifestation and a pathological product of spleen deficiency， and spleen deficiency makes foundation for the production of dys-HDL； dys-HDL is also an important biological basis for the phlegm-stasis interactions in CHD. The method of fortifying spleen， resolving phlegm， and dispelling stasis， is proposed as an important principle in the treatment of CHD by traditional Chinese medicine， which can achieve the therapeutic purpose by affecting the changes in the structure and components of dys-HDL， thus revealing the scientific connotation of this method， and providing ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD by traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To explore early postoperative gait characteristics and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Methods From February 2023 to July 2023,26 patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis(KOA)were treated with TKA,including 4 males and 22 females,aged from 57 to 85 years old with an average of(67.58±6.49)years old;body mass in-dex(BMI)ranged from 18.83 to 38.28 kg·m-2 with an average of(26.43±4.15)kg·m-2;14 patients on the left side,12 pa-tients on the right side;according to Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)classification,6 patients with grade Ⅲ and 20 patients with grade Ⅳ;the courses of disease ranged from 1 to 14 years with an average of(5.54±3.29)years.Images and videos of standing up and walking,walking side shot,squatting and supine kneeling were taken with smart phones before operation and 6 weeks after operation.The human posture estimation framework OpenPose were used to analyze stride frequency,step length,step length,step speed,active knee knee bending angle,stride length,double support phase time,as well as maximum hip flexion angle and maximum knee bending angle on squatting position.Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC)arthritis index and Knee Society Score(KSS)were used to evaluate clinical efficacy of knee joint.Results All patients were followed up for 5 to 7 weeks with an average of(6.00±0.57)weeks.The total score of WOMAC decreased from(64.85±11.54)before op-eration to(45.81±7.91)at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.001).The total KSS was increased from(101.19±9.58)before opera-tion to(125.50±10.32)at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.001).The gait speed,stride frequency and stride length of the affected side before operation were(0.32±0.10)m·s-1,(96.35±24.18)steps·min-1,(0.72±0.14)m,respectively;and increased to(0.48±0.11)m·s 1,(104.20±22.53)steps·min-1,(0.79±0.10)m at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.05).The lower limb support time and active knee bending angle decreased from(0.31±0.38)sand(125.21±11.64)° before operation to(0.11±0.04)s and(120.01±13.35)° at 6 weeks after operation(P＜0.05).Eleven patients could able to complete squat before operation,13 patients could able to complete at 6 weeks after operation,and 9 patients could able to complete both before operation and 6 weeks after operation.In 9 patients,the maximum bending angle of crouching position was increased from 76.29° to 124.11° before operation to 91.35° to 134.12° at 6 weeks after operation,and the maximum bending angle of hip was increased from 103.70° to 147.25° before operation to 118.61° to 149.48° at 6 weeks after operation.Conclusion Gait analysis technology based on artificial intelligence image recognition is a safe and effective method to quantitatively identify the changes of pa-tients'gait.Knee pain of KOA was relieved and the function was improved,the supporting ability of the affected limb was im-proved after TKA,and the patient's stride frequency,stride length and stride speed were improved,and the overall movement rhythm of both lower limbs are more coordinated.

Objective:This study constructs a strategic model for healthy city construction using Hubei Province as a case study,aiming to provide a reference for advancing healthy city initiatives.Methods:Utilizing grounded theory,we analyzed interview data from 9 cities in Hubei.Through open coding,principal axis coding,and selective coding,we identified and refined the strategic components for healthy city construction.Results:The strategies for healthy city construction in Hubei encompasses 30 initial categories,11 main categories,and 3 core categories:government initiative-led,departmental cooperation,and social co-construction and co-governance.This framework culminates in a theoretical model centered on sustainable construction,with the long-term improvement of population health as the ultimate goal.Conclusion:The strategies of government initiative-led,departmental cooperation,and social co-construction and co-governance function synergistically as guiding,implementing,and mobilizing frameworks for healthy city construction.By integrating these strategies,we can promote the sustainability of healthy cities and ultimately achieve long-term improvement of population health level.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the combination of Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J. Wang (SB-SD) being a recognized Chinese medicinal herbal pair that is commonly used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, there is a poor understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms. This study examines the antitumor properties and potential mechanisms of SB-SD on human ovarian cancer A2780 cells through a multi-omics approach, establishing a pharmacological basis for clinical utilization. METHODS: A range of mass ratios and reagents were used in the hot reflux extraction of SB-SD. The inhibitory effect of the SB-SD extracts on A2780 cell proliferation was assessed using the cell-counting kit 8 assay. A zebrafish tumor implantation model was used to evaluate the effects of SB-SD extracts on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Transcriptomics and proteomics were used to investigate alterations in biological pathways in A2780 cells after treatment with different concentrations of SB-SD extract. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis, intracellular free iron concentration, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were utilized to investigate the effects of heme catabolism and ferritinophagy on ferroptosis induced by SB-SD extract in A2780 cells. RESULTS: The 70% ethanol extract of SB-SD (a mass ratio of 4:1) inhibited A2780 cell proliferation significantly with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 660 μg/mL in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, it effectively suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in a zebrafish tumor implantation model. SB-SD extract induced the accumulation of free iron, ROS, MDA, and mitochondrial damage in A2780 cells. The mechanisms might involve the upregulated expression of ferritinophagy-related genes microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, autophagy-related gene 5, and nuclear receptor coactivator 4. CONCLUSION SB-SD extract effectively inhibited the development of ovarian cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Its mechanism of action involved inducing ferroptosis by facilitating heme catabolism and ferritinophagy. This herbal pair holds promise as a potential therapeutic option for ovarian cancer treatment and may be utilized in combination with routine treatment to improve the treatment outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. Please cite this article as: Wang Z, Liu M, Li GX, Zhang L, Ding KY, Li SQ, Gao BQ, Chen P, Choe HC, Xia LY, Yang YT, Liu Y, Sui X, Ma JN, Zhang L. A herbal pair of Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J. Wang induced ferroptosis in ovarian cancer A2780 cells via inducing heme catabolism and ferritinophagy. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(6): 666-683.
Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Female ; Humans ; Animals ; Scutellaria/chemistry* ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics* ; Zebrafish ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ferritins/genetics* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Heme/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Apoptosis/drug effects*

This article reviews the relevant studies on the efficacy and safety of influenza, pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccination among tumor patients worldwide in recent years. By combing and analyzing the retrieved literature, the results show that influenza and pneumococcal vaccination can significantly reduce the morbidity and hospitalization rate of infectious diseases in tumor patients, reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death, and significantly improve survival prognosis. COVID-19 vaccination can also protect tumor patients, especially those who have completed full dose vaccination. Authoritative guidelines and consensuses worldwide all recommend that tumor patients receive influenza, pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccines. We should carry out relevant researches, as well as take effective measures to strengthen patient education, so that tumor patients can fully experience the health protection brought by the vaccine to this specific group.
Humans ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; Vaccination ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Neoplasms

Rabies is a zoonosis caused by rabies virus for which no effective treatment is available.The main preventive measure is vaccination with human rabies vaccine before or after rabies exposure.With progress in science and technology,the production process of human rabies vaccine has continually advanced,thereby increasing vaccine quality,and providing a safer,more effective means of rabies prevention and control through increasing human resistance to rabies.New human rabies vac-cines have made breakthroughs in basic research and clinical research.However,the problems of poor vaccine compliance and low vaccination rates must urgently be addressed.China must actively explore effective coping strategies,accelerate the upda-ting of existing immunization procedures,effectively increase the rabies vaccination rate,and achieve the goal of eliminating ra-bies by 2030 as soon as possible.

Objective The dense fibrous connective tissue that connects sub-occipital muscles which consist of the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi), rectus capitis posterior major muscle (RCPma), obliquus capitis inferior muscle (OCI) and nuchal ligament (NL) to the spinal dura mater (SDM), is described as the myodural bridge (MDB) in humans. The MDB is perceived as an essential anatomical structure and has been a subject of interest for clinicians. Studies have revealed that MDB may be related to the dynamic circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a chronic cervicogenic headache. To date, the MDB is identified as a universal, existing structure in mammals and it exists in other vertebrates as well, such as Gallus domesticus and Rock pigeons in Avifauna, Siamese crocodile and Trachemys scripta elegans in Reptile. The current study is to further analyze different structures features of the MDB in sundry classes and provide the anatomical basis for functional studies. The JapaLura Splendida is the most common species in Lacertiformes, Reptilia. So we chose it as the experimental object to supply the morphological study of the MDB in Reptilia. Methods The study was based on gross anatomical dissection, thick sheet section, histological staining to observe the structural characteristics of the post-occipital area of twenty JapaLura Splendidas and the existence of the MDB. Results The deep post-occipital muscles were composed of the rectus capitis dorsal muscle (RCD) and the obliquus capital posterior (OCP) muscle. The RCD was merged by the rectus capitis dorsal major muscle (RCDma), the rectus capitis dorsal minor muscle (RCDmi) and the obliquus capitis anterior muscle (OCA). In the atlanto-occipital space, the dense fibrous bundles were found to originate from the ventral aspect of the RCD and run ventral, closely inserting into the SDM. In the atlanto-axial space, the dense fibrous bundles were found to originate from the ventral aspect of the OCP and run ventral, closely contacted with the SDM. These dense fibrous bundles were the collagen type I fibers with strong double refraction. Conclusion The result of this study indicates that the MDB is located between the post-occipital muscles and the SDM in JapaLura Splendida. The MDB of Japalura splendida may be related to the activities of the head and neck, and exert a physiological function similar to the MDB in humans.