Objective To study the chemical constituents from Clerodendrum inerme.Methods The constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified on silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.Results Eight compounds: friedelin (Ⅰ), stigmasterol (Ⅱ), betulinic acid (Ⅲ), acacetin (Ⅳ), syringic acid (Ⅴ), p-methoxybenzoic acid (Ⅵ), apigenin (Ⅶ), and daucosterol (Ⅷ) were isolated from the aerial part of C.inerme. Conclusion Compounds Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, and Ⅷ are isolated from C.inerme for the first time.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of CsA on the expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor ILT4 and cytotoxicity of NK cells.Methods NK cells treated with CsA ( 10 mg/L) or DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h were chosen as three experimental groups and control groups respectively.RTqPCR and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alteration of ILT4 at the mRNA and protein level respectively.The expression of HLA-G in human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and human placental choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 were measured at the same time,and then the cytolytic activity of the untreated NK cells and NK cells treated with CsA for 36 h against BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells was determined with MTT.One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the different ILT4 expression at different time points after medication; Dunnett test was performed to carry out the pairwise comparison between each mean.The difference of HLA-G expression between JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells,and the difference of NK cell cytolytic activity against JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells were analyzed by student's t-test.Results RT-qPCR assay indicated that the relative levels of ILT4 mRNA in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h in turn were 0.99 ± 0.27,1.79 ± 0.29,6.79 ± 0.64,and those of their contrast groups treated with DMSO were 0.86 ±0.11,0.94 ±0.12,1.06 ±0.17.The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated with CsA for 24 h or 36 h was higher than that in NK cells of their contrast groups respectively ( t value of 4.69,14.99,P ＜0.05,respectively),but there was no significant difference between the two groups of NK cells treated for 12 h ( t =0.78,P ＞0.05 ).Through flow cytometry,the positive rates of ILT4 protein expression in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h [(5.16 ± 0.42 ) ％,( 6.23 ± 0.48 ) ％,( 23.8 ± 1.5 ) ％]were higher than those in NK cells after treatment with DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h respectively[(3.08 ±0.19)％,(3.35 ±0.12)％,(3.36 ±0.21 )％ ;t value of 7.70,10.06,20.72,P＜0.01,respectively].The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated for 36 h was much higher than that in NK cells for 12 and 24 h at the mRNA and protein level (t value of 16.38,14.12 ;21.81,20.56,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Meanwhile the killing rates of NK cells treated with 10∶1 effector-target ratio CsA on BGC-823 cells (low HLA-G expression) were ( 8 1.96 ± 2.80 ) ％ ( before treatment) and ( 60.23 ± 1.57 ) ％ ( after treatment),which were higher than those on JEG-3 cells (HLA-G-overexpression) [(53.46 ±2.21 )％ ( before treatment),(28.30 ± 1.85 ) ％ ( after treatment)].The changes of cytotoxicity of NK cells treated with CsA against target cells showed that CsA inhibited the killing activity of NK cells to BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells (t value of 11.74,15.16,P＜0.01,respectively),and the inhibitory rates were (26.48 ±2.42)％ and (47.10 ±1.59 ) ％ respectively.CsA had a higher killing rate inhibition on JEG-3 than on BGC-823 ( t =12.31,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion CsA induces upregulation of ILT4 in NK cells,and the cytotoxicity of NK cells to tumor cells can be affected by interaction of ILT4 and HLA-G.

Objective To study the reason and preventive measures of inconformity of the extraction appeared in the process of transfusion blood specimens with the patient's blood type.Methods The reasons of transfusion errors why extracting required blood type was not consistent with the patient's blood type examplesa in Zhengzhou transfusion of hospital from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The experimental results showed that blood specimen inconformity was 49.60%,the error rate of blood extraction and blood infusion was 31.20%,infusion error only was 15.20%,blood type change after stem cell transfusion was 4.00%.Reasons of blood type change after stem cell transplantation to extract blood samples mainly included the blood center or blood did not accord with logo type blood stations provided (16.13%),blood use application form to fill in error(20.97%),check the wrong blood type (6.45%),blood samples taken(29.03%),the blood sample tag(27.42%).Conclusion In order to ensure the safety for clinical use must adopt measures to prevent resolutely put an end to a blood transfusion errors.

HH (hedgehog) signal pathway consists the hedgehoge ligand (Shh、Ihh and Dhh), the Patch and Smo membrane protein complex and Zinc finger transcription factor Gli (Gli1, Gli2, Gli3). In HH (hedgehog) signaling pathway, Gli1 not only plays a dominant and decisive role in the zinc finger transcription factor Gli (Glioma-associated oncogene homolog) family, but also includes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and oral squamous cell carcinoma, tumor invasion and metastasis. The research on oral squamous cell carcinoma and Shh/Gli1 signal axis is rare. In this paper, the squamous cell carcinoma of oral epithelial mesenchymal transformation and correlation study of quality Gli1 is reviewed.

Cinobufacino injection is a significant anti-tumor medicine for the treatment of various tumors in clinic, which was made from water extraction of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans. In present paper, HPLC-DAD-FT-ICR-MS method was used to identify the major bufadienolides in cinobufacino for the first time. Solid-phase extraction with dichloromethane and silica was used to enrich the total bufadienolides in cinobufacino. Based on the UV and high resolution MS/MS data, 33 bufadienolides were analyzed and characterized. Among them, eight compounds were identified by comparing with standard references unambiguously. This study elucidated the major bufadienolides in cinobufacino, which provided material foundation of cinobufacino and will be benefit for the further pharmacological research.
Amphibian Venoms ; chemistry ; Animals ; Bufanolides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Bufo bufo ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To obtain chemical constituent information of rat plasma after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD), a LC-FT-ICR-MS method has been established, and both positive and negative ions scan modes were include in the analysis. By comparing their retention time, high resolution mass data of HLJDD extracts, blank plasma and dosed plasma, 38 constituents, including 22 prototype compounds and 16 metabolites, were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of HLJDD. In the 22 prototype compounds, 16 constituents were determined unambiguously by comparing with references. In the analysis of metabolites, phase II reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation were the major biotransformation pathways of HLJDD. M11 was observed as the only phase I metabolite in present experiment. The results will be beneficial for the further pharmacokinetics and pharmacological evaluations of HLJDD.
Administration, Oral ; Alkaloids ; blood ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; blood ; Iridoids ; blood ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUND:It is reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC)transplantation might be a promising treatment for liver fibrosis.But the mechanism is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the hepatic stellate cells apoptosis induced by BMSC transplantation,and to study the mechanism of BMSC in treating hepatic fibrosis in vivo.METHODS:CCl_4 subcutaneous injection was performed to induce rat liver fibrosis.After 8 weeks of CCU injection,20 rats which underwent successful model establishment were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,10 in each group.The experimental group received MSC transplantation via tail vein injection,and the control group were given DMEM instead.The rats were killed and the livers were harvested at three time point,the day of MSC transplantation,3 days after transplantation,and 7 days after transplantation.The hydroxyproline content was detected by HE and Masson staining,and the expression changes of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)proteins were determined using immunohistochemistry.The apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells were determined by α-SMA and TUNEL(terminal dUTP nick-end labeling)dual-staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 8 weeks of CCU injection,the hydroxyproline content increased and histology indicated progress of liver fibrosis.At 7 days after MSC transplantation,the hydroxyproline in the liver was decreased,and the liver fibrosis was alleviated in the experimental group but aggravated in the control group.Immunohistochemistry indicated that α-SMA positive cells were increased at 8 weeks after CCU injection.At day 7 after transplantation,α-SMA positive cells in the experimental group were significantly less than control group(P ＜ 0.05).At 3 days after transplantation,the hepatic stellate cells apoptosis in the experimental group was significantly aggravated compared with control group(P ＜ 0.05).This suggested that MSC transplant was an effective treatment for liver fibrosis.MSC inducing hepatic stellate cells apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms.

To analyze the causes and treatments of high intraocular pressure ( > 21mmHg ) of angle - closure glaucoma underwent compound trabeculectomy 1mo after surgery.
●METHODS: This was a retrospective study of our hospital, from March 2010 to March 2013. Thirty-four (38 eyes) of angle-closure glaucoma patients were collected, who underwent compound trabeculectomy with high intraocular pressure ( > 21mmHg) 1mo after operation. We analyzed the causes and summarized the treatments.
●RESULTS:The causes which lead to early postoperative high intraocular pressure included malignant glaucoma (9 eyes of 8 cases), blood clot and connective tissue block under the scleral flap (15 eyes of 13 cases), hyphema after surgery(5 eyes of 5 cases), sclera flap incision was incarcerated with iris tissue ( 3 eyes of 3 cases ), preoperative high intraocular pressure for a long time(5 eyes of 4 cases), 1 eye of 1 case for unknown reason. After proper treatments, intraocular pressures of all patients were bellowed 21mmHg.
● CONCLUSlON: Early postoperative high intraocular pressure of angle - closure glaucoma underwent compound trabeculectomy is caused by various factors, and the early prevention and timely treatment are key points of a successful operation.

The event-related potential (ERP) is considered as one of the most effective methods to study and analyze objectively human mental activity based on nerve electrophysiology. At present, ERP is not only used in the study of lie detection, but also in the clinical medicine for the cognitive assessment on patients with cerebrovascular disease, dementia or traumatic brain injury and auxiliary diagnosis of mental illness. With the further development of ERP detection technology, it would have a wider application prospect in the field of forensic medicine.
Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Forensic Medicine/trends* ; Humans

DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mitochondria