This article is trying to find out the historical and realistic reasons of the restriction of the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the history of TCM theory and practice of TCM institutional setup and related policies and many other aspects.Then it points out that the TCM in the background of the development of science and technology today is already has the necessary conditions of modernization,but the process can not be succeed overnight,it ought to be a systematic engineering.

Objective To explore the most suitable chemostatic condition and a method of cell-counting in reconstituted basement membrane invasion experiment in vitro. Method Reconstituted basement membrane invasion experiment was employed, and conditioned medium, fibronectin (FN), and a combination of conditioned medium and FN were respectively used as chemoattractants was placed in the lower compartment of the chamber. After the filters were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), two kinds of cell-counting methods were employed. One was random cell-counting to count the cells in 5 fields infiltrated in the different areas of the filter membrane under 40?magnification, and the other was whole cell-counting of the infiltrating cells on the whole filter membrane with 4? magnification and image analysis system. Results The number of infiltrating cells in the presence of the chemoattractants was much larger than that of the control group. The number of infiltrating cells of the conditioned medium group was larger than that of FN group. The numbers of infiltrating cells in the combination of conditioned medium and FN groups were significantly larger than those of conditioned medium and FN alone groups. The accuracy of method of random cell-counting under 40? magnification was poorer than that of whole cell-counting with image analysis system. Conclusion Chemoattractants exert strong effect on the tumor cells invasion, and different chemoattractants show different chemotactic abilities. By using image analysis system to count all the infiltrative cells of the whole filter membrane is an objective and accurate cell-counting method.

Objective To investigate the expression of S100A4 protein in benign and malignant thyroid tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Expression of S100A4 protein in thyroid cancers (50 cases), adenoma (45 cases) and adjacent noncancerous tissue (20 cases) was respectively studied by microwave-LSAB immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive rate of S100A4 protein in thyroid cancer and adenoma was 78.0% and 15.6% respectively. No S100A4 protein expression was found in any adjacent noncancerous tissue (P ＜0. 01). No correlation was observed between expression of S100A4 protein and histological grading of thyroid cancer. Expression of S100A4 protein in lymph node metastasis and staging Ⅲ-Ⅳ was both higher than that in negative cases and staging Ⅰ -Ⅱ (P ＜0. 05). The rate of recurrence and death in S100A4 protein positive cases were notably higher than that in negative cases (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions S100A4 protein expression can help to distinguish benign and malignant thyroid tissues. It can be used as a molecular marker to predict thyroid metastasis.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,pathogens,inflammatory biomarkers,therapeutic methods and prognosis of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) in children.Methods The clinical data of children with NP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from October 2010 to October 2015 were collected.The data included demographic data,laboratory test results,intrapulmonary complications,therapeutic methods and so on were analyzed,retrospectively.Results Forty-nine pediatric patients with NP were enrolled,31 cases were boys,18 cases were girls;the average age of the patients were 2.5 years (4 months-13 years).The average febrile time were (15.08 ± 5.92) d,and the hospital stay was (21.19 ± 10.83) d,respectively.The median value of peripheral blood leukocyte count was 17.7 × 109/L,the average of neutrophils ratio was (67.62 ± 18.52)％,and the median value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) was 97.9 mg/L and 0.54 μg/L,respectively.Nineteen cases had Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection,16 cases with pneumonia chlamydia infection,9 cases complicated with MP and chlamydia pneumoniae infection,and 8 cases with positive bacterial culture,and 10 cases suffered from the intrapulmonary complications.Forty-seven cases got better prognosis with the treatment of antibiotics,glucocorticoids,intravenous immunoglobulin and other comprehensive therapeutic methods such as bronchoalveolar lavage with fiber bronchoscope and closed thoracic drainage.Conclusions NP is a severe complication of community-acquired pneumonia in children,and the occurrence of NP should be alerted in the children who have persistent high fever,higher inflammatory index and pleural effusion,but the great majority of patients do recover fully after comprehensive treatment.

Objective To studied perioperative changes in blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system in patients undergoing acute aortic disec tion repair analyse the reason and outcome for these changes.Methods Between August 2011 and December 2011,30 patientsk[22 male and 8 female,mean aged (43.0±9.13) years] had undergone open repairs of aortic dissection or aneurysm with DHCA.Indications for surgical intervention were type A sortic dissection in 26 patients and aortic aneurysm in 4 patients.According to the time from clinical onset of the dissection to operation,acute group(less than 7 days,A group) 20 patients; chronic group (more than 30 days and aortic aneurysm,C group) 10 patients.Data were gathered for muhiple preoperative and intraoperative factors including age,sex,diagnosis,aortic dissection type,preoperative ejection fraction,aortic surgery history,surgical intervention type,cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time,aortic cross-clamp time,blood transfusion volume (PRBC),mechanic ventilation time,ICU length of stay and hospital length of stay.Platelet (PLT),fibrin degredation product (FDP),D-dimmer,thrombin-antithrombin (TAT),and soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC) were assayed before and after operation,as well as 0 h,24 h,48 h,72 h.These valuables were recorded and compared statistically between two groups.Results Preoperative serum level and postoperative peak level of FDP and D-dimmer in group A were significant higher than in gnoup C (P ＜ 0.05)and postopertive serum peak level in group C were significant higher than preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05 ).Preoperative snd postoperative most hours there was significant intergroup difference on the serum levels of SFMC and TAT (P ＜ 0.05 ).Preoperative level of PLT in group A is lower than in group C significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).The level of PLT in each hour after surgery were much lower than the level before surgery in both group (P ＜0.05 ).In addition,thromhus fonantion in ascending aortic falsc lumen in group A was much moee common than in group C (P ＜0.05 ).There was significant difference on incidence of postoperative complications between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis which results from acute aortic dissection and surgical procedure was obscrved before and after surgery to treat acute aortic dissection.There is increasing risk for consumption coagulopathy and thromboembolism during perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in renal tissues of early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD),and to elucidate its potential role in renal lesion.Methods Eighty-two patients of early stage CKD (stage 1 and 2) diagnosed as glomerulonephritis (GN) with different pathologic types by renal biopsy in our department between 2009 and 2012 were enrolled in the study.Renal tissues of eight patients with mismatched HLA haplotype or the normal part of renal cancer were chosen as controls.Scr,BUN,serum calcium,phosphorus,PTH and 25(OH)VitD3 were measured.Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault (CG)formula.99mTc-DTPA clearance rate was used to detect GFR.Patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe groups according to the renal interstitial extent of inflammatory cells infiltration.Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression and distribution of PTH in renal tissues.Image-Pro Plus software was used to calculate A value of PTH in renal tissues and compare the extent of PTH expression.Results The levels of calcium,phosphorus,25(OH)VitD3 and PTH in peripheral blood from GN patients of CKD stage Ⅰ and 2 were normal.PTH had no correlation with the above indexes.PTH expression could be seen in renal tissues of all the GN patients with different pathologic types,and it mainly located in renal tubular,only a few in glomeruli and interstitium.The expression of PTH in renal tissues of GN increased compared with the controls (P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,PTH expression elevated with the increase of inflammatory cells infiltration in interstitium.However the expression of PTH was not significantly different among different pathologic types of GN.Conclusions In the early stage CKD,PTH expression in patients of GN increases,which occurs earlier as compared to PTH elevation in peripheral blood and the imbalance of minerals and bone metabolism.The intensity of PTH expression is associated with the local inflammation.

Objective Acute respiratory dysfunction (ARD) can occur after aortic surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulation arrest, but relatively little is known about acute respiratory dysfunction in the patients with type A aortic dissection. This study aims to analyze the independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction after A type aortic dissection surgery and to assess possible prevention and treatment option in the future. Methods Clinical data of the 252 patients including 193 male patients and 59 female patients who underwent type A aortic dissection surgery from February 2009 to October 2010 were collected. The mean age was 47 years. Postoperative acute respiratory dysfunction was defined as oxygenation impairment (PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 150) that occurred within 72 h of surgery except pleural effusion, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and haemato-/ pneumothorax. There were 187 acute A type aortic dissection patients and 65 chronic type A aortic dissection patients. Clinical characteristics including age, gender, weight, height, history of hypertension, history of smoking, preoperative complications such as preoperative shock and acute renal failure, pericardial effusion, previous cardiac surgery, time from event to surgery, malperfusion syndrome, cardiopulmonary time, cross-clamp time,deep hypothermia circulation arrest time, surgical procedure, duration of intensive care unit stay and postoperative complications including tracheotomy, dialysis dependent renal failure and hospital mortality were gathered. Arterial blood analysis, chest X ray, ventilator parameters, number of blood transfusion and flood balance were assayed after operation. All the factors were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify relative risk factors of ARD. Results Acute respiratory dysfunction occurred in 32 (12.7% ) patients. The in-hospital mortality was significant difference between acute respiratory dysfunction group and non- acute respiratory dysfunction group (P ＜ 0.05). The value of BMI, incidence of acute aortic dissection, preoperative SBP level, cardio-pulmonary bypass time, aortic clamp time and total arch replacement in acute respiratory dysfunction group were significantly higher than the values in non- acute respiratory dysfunction group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed blood transfusion more than 10 units and cardio-pulmonary bypass time more than 160 minutes were independent risk factors of early stage acute respiratory dysfunction after type A aortic dissection surgery.Conclusion Acute respiratory dysfunction after type A aortic dissection was a severe early stage postoperative complication and was associated with in-hospital mortality. The patients in acute aortic dissection were prone to have acute respiratory dysfunction. The independent risk factors of acute respiratory dysfunction included blood transfusion more than 10 units and cardio-pulmonary bypass time more than 160 minutes.

Objective To investigate the influence of di-(2-ethylexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and bax in cultured human first trimester cytotrophoblasts. Methods Human first trimester cytotrophoblasts were cultured with DEHP at concentration of 0, 25, 50, 100 μmol/Lfor 24 hours. Cell apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometer method. The expression of apoptosis-associated genes, including Bcl-2 and bax, were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in cultured cytotrophoblast cells. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and bax in cytotrophoblast cells was measured by western blot. Results (1) The expression of Bcl-2: when incubated with DEHP at concentration of 0, 25,50 and 100 μmol/L, the expression of Bcl-2 were 1.00 ± 0.05, 1.03 ± 0.04, 1.04 ± 0.03, 1.04± 0.04,which did not show statistical difference ( P > 0.05 ). The expression of Bcl-2 protein were 0.11 ± 0.02,0.11 ±0.04, 0.12±0.02, 0.12 ±0.03, which also didn't reach statistical difference (P>0.05). (2)The expression of bax: when incubated with DEHP at concentration of 50 and 100 μmol/L, the expression of bax protein were 0.63 ± 0.04 and 0.81 ± 0.04, which were significantly higher than 0.23 ± 0.05 with DEHP at 0 μmol/L (P < 0.05). The expression of bax mRNA were 0.96 ± 0.04 and 1.02 ± 0.04, which was significantly higher than 0.81 ±0.05 with DEHP at 0 μmol/L (P < 0.05). (3) Apoptosis: when incubated with DEHP at concentration of 50 and 100 μmol/L for 24 hours, the apoptotic cell ratio were ( 18.8 ± 2.6) % and ( 20.3 ± 2.0) % by annexin V-FITC/PI staining, which were significantly higher than (10.6±1.4)% at 0 μmol/L and (18.1 ±4.6)% and (19.5 ±1.2)% by TUNEL staining, which were significantly higher than ( 11.2 ± 3.1 ) % at 0 μmol/L of DEHP (P < 0.05). Conclusion DEHP could induce apoptosis of cytotrophoblast cells by increasing bax gene expression, but had no effect on Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To investigate the correlation between exhaled nitric oxide and lung function (FEV1)in asthmatic children.Methods Fifty three stable asthmatic children aged 5 to 14 years old were recruited from ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University.According to whether the patients were treated with inhaled corticosteroid(ICS)therapy regularly,they were divided into two groups:steroid group and non-steroid group,then fraction of exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)and lung function were measured.Results In non-steroid group,the levels of FeNO(mean 40.450±25.428 part by billion)were significantly higher than those in the steroid group(mean 19.879±13.845 part by billion),and they were statistically significant.(P = 0.003).The mean FEVI in non-steroid group was(95.152±8.993)%,and the mean FEVI in non-steroid group was(91.350±11.690)%,and there were no significant differences between two groups (P =0.189).Significantly negative correlation was found between FeNO and FEV1 in steroid group(r =-0.465,P = 0.039),but there was no significant correlation between them in steroid group(r = 0.058,P =0.747).Conclusion The levels of FeNO were higher in non-steroid group than those of the steroid group in the stable asthmatic children.FeNO is a good biomarker to evaluate the airway inflammation of asthmatic children.

Objective To investigate the expression of Notch 1 receptor in renal tissues of patients with hepatitis B virus associated-glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) and its role in the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.Methods A total of 48 patients with HBV-GN confirmed by renal biopsy during 2008-2010 were enrolled in the study.Distribution of Notch1 receptor in renal tissue of HBV-GN was detected by immunohistochemistry and the association between the distribution of Notch1 receptor and HBsAg was examined by double-label immunofluorescence assays.Correlations of Notch1 receptor expression with renal pathology and clinical parameters of HBV-GN were analyzed.Results Notch1 receptor distributed mainly in renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial area as brownish red granules,and a few expression in glomerulus was also found.The positive score of Notch1 receptor expression in HBV-GN patients was significantly higher as compared to primary glomerulonephritis patients with serum HBsAg positive or negative and normal renal tissue controls.Notch1 receptor expression was more obvious in membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and mesangial proliferative nephritis (MsPGN) patients,but there was no significant difference among the different pathology groups.Distribution of Notch1 receptor was consistent with the distribution of HBsAg and its intensity was positively correlated with renal interstitial fibrosis (r=0.473,P=0.001),tubular atrophy (r=0.690,P=0.000),inflammatory cell infiltration (r=0.616,P=0.000).Negative correlation was found between renal function and the intensity of Notch1 receptor (r=-0.393,P=0.006).Conclusions Notch1 receptor expression increases in the renal tissues of HBV-GN patients and distributes mainly in renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitium,which is consistent with the distribution of HBsAg.Its intensity is closely correlated with renal interstitial lesions and renal function.Abnormal expression of Notchl receptor in renal tissue of HBV-GN may be involved in the progress of HBV-GN.