ObjectiveTo study the anatomical characteristics of the renal pedicle and its clinical application during retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy.MethodsThe imaging, surgical video and clinical data of 278 cases undergoing retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy between July 2007 and September 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The renal pedicle was found located at the psoas and the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm for anatomic landmark before the gap of the psoas. A statistical analysis of the mean operative time, the mean time to look for the renal pedicle, the mean intraoperative estimated blood loss, the mean time to ambulation, the mean time to resuming oral intake, the mean postoperative hospital stay day and the rate of complications was performed.ResultsAll the operations were performed successfully, with no conversion to open and blood transfusion. The mean time to find the renal pedicle was (3.5 ± 1.3 ) min, the mean operative time was (95.6 ±23.8) min, the mean estimated blood loss was (72.4 ±27.5) ml, the mean time to resuming oral intake was (2.1 ±0.7) d, the mean time to ambulation was (1.8 ±0.9) d, the mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.5 ± 2.7 ) d.ConclusionsDuring retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, the best anatomical space to look for the renal pedicle is the space before the psoas muscle. The exact location of the renal pedicle is under the diaphragm medial arcuate ligament about 2 - 4 cm, in the gap of the psoas muscle and the vena cava (abdominal aorta). Following this procedure could reduce the time to look for the renal pedicle, thus reducing operative time.

Objective To provide imaging anatomy basis for percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) by measuring relative displacement and changes in anatomical position of kidney and colon under the prone and low-oblique supine positions.Methods Forty-six patients scheduled for PCNL underwent 64-slice spiral CT scan under the prone and low-arch oblique supine position before the PCNL.The horizontal distance of kidney and colon,the distance from colon and analog puncturing line,the distance between the kidney and colon were measured and compared between the 2 positions.Results The distance from colon and analog puncturing line under the low-oblique supine and prone positions were as follows,the left (26.56 ±15.36) mm versus (12.25 ±13.16) mm (t=3.527,P<0.05),the right (25.85 ±14.26) mm versus (13.57 ± 12.53) mm (t=3.234,P<0.05).The differences of the rest distances between the 2 positions were not significant ( P>0.05).Conclusions The distance between colon and analog puncturing line increases in the low-arch oblique supine position,because the colon shifts to the ventral.The PCNL in low-arch oblique supine position may reduce the incidence of colon injury,and improve surgical safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and genetic characteristics of two cases with simple virilizing (SV)21-hydroxylase(21OHD). Methods Clinical manifestations and laboratory data were obtained. The promoter and coding areas of CYP21A2 gene were directly sequenced. In silico analysis were used to predict the function of mutations. Results Two patients presented severe virilism. The laboratory examinations showed that plasma ACTH,aldosterone,androstendione and testosterone were significantly increased compared with normal individuals. VCT scan showed hyperplasia of bilateral adrenal. Direct sequencing of CYP21A2 gene showed two complex mutations-H62L/V69L and I2g/10InsL,which were not reported previously. In silico analysis(Polyphen)showed the novel mutation V69L could probably damage the function of CYP21A2 protein. Conclusion The combined mutations,H62L/V69Land I2g/10InsL,could be associated with SV type 21-OHD phenotype.

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) following differentiation into cardiomyocytes were transplanted into ischemic myocardium. The transplanted cells can build connection with host cells and repair the infarct myocardium. OBJECTIVE: To detect the cell-cell junction after transplantation of the cardiac-like cell derived from the canine umbilical cord blood stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal study was performed from July 2006 to October 2007 at the Animal Experimental Center of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: A total of 2 full-term pregnant canines were used for isolation of UCB-MSCs. A total of 36 adult mongrel canines were divided into cell transplantation group and model control group (n=18) according to the rule of random digits table. METHODS: The MSCs at passage 4 were transfected by Laz-Z. After 3-day culture, MSCs were induced by 10 μmol/L 5-azacytidine (5-aza). The canine models of myocardium infarction were established following 3 weeks of culture. 2 mL (1 ×107)MSCs were transplanted into dogs with acute myocardium infarction by coronary artery infusion and local injection in cell transplantation group. An equal volume of saline was used in the model control group. The specimens were harvested and detected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Cell junction was determined using immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following parameters were measured: gene trensfection, myogenic induction and differentiation results of UCB-MSCs; junction of transplanted cells and host cardiomyocytes. RESULTS: Following 72 hours of transfaction, mass of cells expressed LacZ gene, synthetized galactosidase, and stained blue using X-gal staining. Following 3 weeks of 5-aza induction, the antigen a-Actin, Desmin and Connexin43 were all been positively expressed, but before induction they were all negative. From the myocardial section of 8 weeks after transplantation, the junction was formed between the transplanted cells and the host myocardium as formed between the transplanted cells. In the junction, green-fluorescence positive expression of cadherin and connexin43 could be seen. However, in the model control group, only cadherin and connexin43 expressed positively, but the transplanted UCB-MSCs with red fluorescence could not been observed. CONCLUSION: The UCB-MSCs is able to differentiate into cardiac-like cell in vitro and form cell-cell junction in vivo to communicate with surrounding cells.

BACKGROUND: Cell apoptosis and ventricle reconstitution following myocardial infarction are of mutual cause-effect, and they cause vicious cycle. How to reduce the apoptosis events following myocardial infarction is one of keys to saving heart function.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (UCBSMC) transplantation on remaining myocardial tissue of dogs with acute myocardial infarction.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital.MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the Central Laboratory of Xinhua Hospital from October 2005 to May 2007.Thirty-six adult hybrid dogs, male and female in half, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Xinhua Hospital.METHODS: Thirty-six dogs were divided into cell transplantation group and control group, with 18 dogs in each according to table of random digit. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the umbilical cord blood of full-term pregnant hybrid dogs, cultured and amplified. Then, they were labeled with Laz gene, in vitro induced with 5-azacytidine, and transplanted into the dogs with acute myocardial infarction in the cell transplantation group. Rats in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. Each dog was euthanized by anesthesia for harvesting myocardial specimen 1,4 and 8 weeks after transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Remaining and apoptosis index detected by TUNEL method. ② Myocardial cell volume and histomorphology detected by confocal microscopy. ③ Histological change of myocardial collagen network detected by haematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid staining.RESULTS: Thirty-six involved experimental dogs all entered the stage of final analysis. ①The apoptosis index in the cell transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1, 4 and 8 weeks after cell transplantation (P ＜0.05). ② Myocardial cell volume in the cell transplantation group 1, 4 and 8 weeks after cell transplantation was significantly larger than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Collagen fiber in the myocardial tissue of dogs in the cell transplantation group was arranged in order and regularly, and in contrast that in the control group was not, and fibers in the control group fused partially.CONCLUSION: UCBSMC transplantation reduces the apoptosis of myocardial cells, promotes the hypertrophy of remaining myocardial cells, regulates myocardial collagen network and improves heart function.

Objective This article analyzed the characteristics of the health service in medium cities and the impact on community health service.Methods Summary and statistical analysis of the outcomes from the Fourth National Health Service Survey by the category of metropolitans,sub-provincial cities and provincial capital cities,and non-provincial-capital cities.Results In the medium cities,the geographical accessibility is high against low economic and technology accessibility.These cities have lower 2-week morbiditv rate but high children morbidity rate.These cities also feature high self-rated health status among residents and high health risk factors prevalence at the sarne time.Conclusion Medium cities are recommended to further build their CHS system,enhance their ties with larger cities,so as to elevate their technical competence,for meeting such public health needs of the people in infectious disease control,health promotion and vulnerable population healthcare.

Objective To investigate the appropriate incision for intact specimen extraction during retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy. Methods One hundred and nineteen patients in need of retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy were randomized into two groups. One group of 60 patients received intact specimen extraction through a muscle-splitting abdominal incision. The second group of 59 patients received intact specimen extraction through a muscle-cutting lumbar incision. All procedures were performed by the same team of surgeons, and the intact specimens were extracted by the same surgeon. Standard operative features were measured and recorded (operative time, the time of specimen extraction, incision length, specimen weight, the time to get out of bed, the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, postoperative hospital stay, analgesia requirement, and complication rate). Results The two groups were matched in regard to patient age, body mass index, the maximum diameter of the kidney, and the stage of TNM (each P>0.05). There were significant differences between the abdominal incision group and lumbar incision group in terms of operative time (99±14 min vs 115±12 min; P=0.000), incision length (4.9±0.3 cm vs 5.3±0.4 cm; P=0.000), the time of specimen extraction (14±2 min vs 24±6 min; P=0.000), analgesia requirement (35±27 mg vs 52±29 mg; P=0.002), the time to get out of bed (20±2 h vs 21±4 h; P=0.016). The differences were not significant between the 2 groups in terms of the recovery time of gastrointestinal function (21±3 h vs 20±4 h; P=0.457), hospital stay (6±1 d vs 6±1 d; P=0.476), and specimen weight (469±181 g vs 459±169 g; P=0.776). There was no complication of incision in the 2 groups at 12 months′ follow-up (rang, 6 to 18 months). Conclusion A muscle-splitting abdominal incision for intact specimen extraction is more appropriate than a lumbar incision during retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy, with small incision, little injury, short operative time, quick recovery, and less pain.

Cough ; diagnosis ; Disease Management ; Humans

Objective to investigate the outcome and EP treatment outcome of small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with different hyponatraemia .Methods This retrospective study analyzed the relationship between the serum sodium ,serum osmolality , urine sodium ,urine osmolality and survival time of 51 patients .Moreover ,we analyzed the survival time and chemotherapy outcome of SCLC patients in hypovolaemic and euvolaemic hyponatraemia .Results The data indicated that the serum sodium and osmolality correlated with the survival time positively ,and the pearson correlation coefficient are 0 .48 [95% CI:(0 .23 to 0 .67)]and 0 .61 [95% CI:(0 .40 to 0 .76)] ,respectively .urine sodium and osmolality correlated with survival time negatively ,and the pearson corre‐lation coefficient are -0 .6 [95% CI:(-0 .75 to -0 .38)] and‐0 .31 [95% CI:(-0 .54 to -0 .04)] ,respectively .Etoposide plus cisplatin treatment showed less effectiveness to the SCLC patients in euvolaemic hyponatraemia (29 .17% VS .66 .7% ,P<0 .05) , and the survival time of SCLC patients in euvolaemic hyponatraemia is shorter (33 .3% VS .92 .6% ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion Euvol‐aemic hyponatraemia could be a risk factor for poor outcome in SCLC .

Objective:To study the incidence rates of cancer in the urban area of Shijiazhuang city, China in 2012 based on the data of 2,374,827 registered residents. Methods: The incidence of diagnosed cancer cases in 2012 was obtained from the hospital reimbursement database of the medical insurance center of the city by retrieving the records on first-time reimbursement applications for the hospitalization of tumor patients from January 1 to December 31 in 2012. Population census data was obtained from the Population Department of the Shijiazhuang Public Security Bureau. The site-specific and sex-specific age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Results:The overall incidence rate, the age-adjusted rate of the Chinese population (ASRC), and the age-adjusted rate of the world population (ASRW) for both men and women were 237.53, 129.86, and 167.71 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The incidence rate increased with age and peaked in the 75-79 years age groups of men and women at 1,729.42 and 867.35 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The top ten most frequently diagnosed cancers in males were lung, stomach, colorectal, liver, esophagus, kidney, prostate, leukemia, bladder, as well as lymphoma, whereas those in females were the breast, lung, colorectal, stomach, cervical, uterine body, ovary, lymphoma, esophageal, and liver cancers. The incidence rate and ASRW of all cancers combined in men were 269.05 and 187.52 per 100,000 individuals, whereas those for women were 207.57 and 150.44 per 100 000 individuals, respectively. Compared with the average incidence rates of 31 Chinese cities in 2009, the ASRW of lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers in males from Shijiazhuang was nearly equal to the national level;however, the ASRW of breast cancer in females from Shijiazhuang was higher than the national level. When the incidence rates of Shijiazhuang in 2012 were compared with those of Beijing in 2009, the ASRW of stomach and esophageal cancers in men of Shijiazhuang was twice that of the same cancers in Beijing. However, the same parameters for the pancreatic and prostate cancers in men, as well as the thyroid and uterine body cancers in women of Beijing, were twice the values for Shijiazhuang. Conclusion: The ASRWs of the major types of cancer, such as the lung, stomach, colorectal, and breast cancers, in urban Shijiazhuang in 2012 were identical to those of the 31 Chinese cities in 2009. Compared with Beijing, the incidence rates of pancreatic, prostate, and thyroid cancers were significantly higher in Shijiazhuang, whereas those of esophageal and stomach cancers were significantly lower.