Fluid therapy plays an important role in maintaining the stability of vital signs and the good perfusion of tissues.Therefore,it is the basis for treatment of diseases.The purpose of fluid therapy is to keep the patient's effective circulating volume,increase cardiac output,and ensure adequate tissue perfusion,which may facilitate the transport of oxygen and nutrients.Perioperative fluid therapy has gone through the progress from choosing the type of liquid to reforming the mode of fluid treatment.Since the concepts of fast track surgery and precision medicine appeared,the anesthesiologists and surgeons have pay more attention to the goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT).GDFT aims to maintain organ perfusion and oxygen transport of tissues by regulating the amount of fluid on basis of a physiological index.As a new fluid therapy,GDFT contributes to maintaining oxygen delivery and reducing both morbidity and mortality.This article reviews the progress and challenges for GDFT.

Retinal angiomatous proliferation(RAP) is a special type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with a pathological process of neovascularization.Different with several types of neovascular AMD,the new blood vessel in RAP is believed to originate from the inner retinal circulation.Because of inadequate knowledge,there still exist some limited understanding for this disease,such as its clinical diagnosis,therapy effectiveness and its poor prognosis.The newest interpretation about RAP was based on the findings of indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) and the first generation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system.The stage,histogenesis,histopathology,nature process,fundus findings,differentiating diagnosis and treatrnent of RAP were reviewed.

There are many researches on college students'psychological stress.We find that many students are facing pressures including study,social communication,job-hunting,economic problems and so on.There are also many researches on college Students'tackling styles.On the basis of a review on current researches,some suggestions for future work are also put forward.

In this paper,our study on cultivating the quality and capabilities of the med-ical students in obstetrics and gynecology practice shows that quality education is the key to training talented students with lofty ethics,professional skills and humanities knowledge.

The treatments of infected bone defects are still a major clinical problem.In recent years,local delivery systems applied as anti-infection and bone repair material become a hot research topic.In this review,we discuss various influence factors such as osteoinductive growth factors,antibiotics,cartier material,extended release methods.We also introduce the recent progress in the development of local delivery system for the treatment of infected bone defects.

MicroRNA,known as micro-RNA or miRNA,is a class of small non-coding RNA whose ma-ture products is ～22 nucleotides long.It negatively regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional lev-el.More and more studies confirm the important role of miRNA in carcinogenesis and tumor development by reg-ulating cell apoptosis,and the research focuses on tumor-associated miRNA in tumor cell apoptosis may bring widest perspective on treatment and diagnosis of tumor in the future.

Objective: To guarantee the normal treatment of hospital, increasing the diagnosis rate and cure rate and efficiency of health care. Methods: Strengthening the maintenance and management of medical equipment by design computer information management system which can be very useful for daily maintenance management. Results: It is used to manage medical equipment maintenance, such as equipment basic information registration, equipment maintenance, equipment inspection, repair equipment archives management, equipment scrapped etc. Conclusion: The system improves the efficiency of medical equipment maintenance, and increases the benefit of hospital.

This article is trying to find out the historical and realistic reasons of the restriction of the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the history of TCM theory and practice of TCM institutional setup and related policies and many other aspects.Then it points out that the TCM in the background of the development of science and technology today is already has the necessary conditions of modernization,but the process can not be succeed overnight,it ought to be a systematic engineering.

Intestinal mucosal barrier has the function to isolate intestinal contents and internal environment,prevent foreign antigens and pathogens invading to lamina propria mueosae and can maintain organic homeostasis and normal activities.Impairment of the intestinal barrier is a key event in various gastrointestinal diseases.Probiotics are live microorganisms which ingested and reach the intestines in sufficient numbers to confer benefit to the host.It can improve or prevent many gastrointestinal diseases.The main reason is probiotics can maintain intestinal barrier function in various paths.This paper reviews its mechanisms of action.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a recurrent chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease which can be seen at any age.Its pathogenesis is not clear and the incidence is increasing.Intestinal mucosal barrier has the function to isolate intestinal contents and internal environment which can prevent pathogens invade to lamina propria mucosae and maintain organic homeostasis and normal activities.Impairment of intestinal barrier is a key event in various gastrointestinal diseases,such as IBD.The dysfunction of intestinal mucosal mechanic barrier,immunologic barrier and biologic barrier or their interactions all can induce gastrointestinal diseases.Identifying the specific mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier impairment in pathogenesis of IBD,maintaining and restoring intestinal barrier function is becoming a new strategy in the treatment of IBD.