No abstract available.
Breast* ; Osteosarcoma*

The combination of the various diagnostic methods of palpable breast mass has improved the diagnosticaccuracy. From Sep.1983 to Aug. 1985 pathologically proven 85 patients with palpable breast masses examined withX-ray mammography, ultrasonography, penumomammography and aspiration cytology at Korea Cancer Center Hospital wereanalyzed. The diagnostic accuracies of each methods were 77.6% of mammogram, 74.1% of ultrasonomgram, 90.5% ofpenumommaogram and 92.4% of aspiration cytology. Pneumommamograms was accomplished without difficulty orcomplication and depicted more clearly delineated mass with various pathognomonic findings; air-ductal pattern infibroadenoma(90.4%) and cystosarcoma phylloides(100%), air-halo in fibrocystic disease(14.2%), fibroadenoma(100%),cystosarcoma phylloides (100%), air-cystogram in cystic type of fibrocystic disease(100%) and vaculoar pattern orirregular air collection without retained peripheral gas in carcinoma.
Breast ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis*

No abstract available.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy*

No abstract available.
Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil* ; Mitomycin* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: According to the staging system for breast cancer by the 2003 revised American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), the patients with 10 or more positive axillary nodes are classified as N3 and also as a new stage, i.e., stage IIIC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of patients with 10 or more positive nodes. METHODS: The database of 125 patients with 10 or more positive axillary nodes who underwent surgery at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 1997 and 2001 were reviewed. The age of the patients, the T stage, the number and site of the positive nodes, the hormone receptor status, the HER-2 over-expression, and the treatment modalities were examined in reference to the disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: At the median follow-up time of 40 months, 16 cases (13%) of locoregonal recurrence and 57 cases (46%) of systemic relapse had developed in 67 patients (54%). The DFS and overall survival rates at 5 years were 46% and 55%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the T stage (p<0.001), hormone receptor status (p=0.001), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.014) were predictive factors of recurrence. On multivariate analysis, the T stage (p=0.002) and hormone receptor status (p=0.02) were independent predictors of recurrence. The patients with hormone receptor positive tumor had a 58%, 5-year DFS rate. On the contrary, in 9 of 10 patients with T4 tumor, recurrence developed within 2 years after the initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that stage IIIC according to the revised AJCC staging system was not a prognostically homogeneous group. Some notably high survival rates were observed in a subgroup of patients, and especially for those patients with hormone receptor positive tumor. In contrast, the prognosis of patients with T4 tumor was significantly worse than that of the patients with the other stage IIIC disease. Thus, we suggest that the stage IIIC group in the new AJCC staging system needs to be refined to provide more reliable prognostic information for the patients with advanced breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis* ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Tamoxifen has been well known as an effective anti-tumor agent against breast cancer. The important role of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in tamoxifen-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells has been suggested. However, the paradoxical fact that bcl-2 over-expression is assdegrees Ciated with better prognosis in clinic has not yet been clearly explained. To investigate this paradox, we analyzed the effect and dynamics of bcl-2 and p53 on the apoptosis after treatment of breast cancer cells with tamoxifen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MB MDA-468 were treated with 17-betaestradiol (E2) and tamoxifen. RESULTS: Following tamoxifen treatment, MCF-7 cells underwent apoptosis accompanied by reduced bcl-2 expression. E2 pre-treatment led to the inhibition of tamoxifen-mediated apoptosis and bcl-2 down-regulation. When MB MDA-468 cells were treated with E2 or tamoxifen, bcl-2 and p53 protein expression did not change and apoptosis did not develop. CONCLUSION: We observed that the down-regulation of bcl-2 by tamoxifen treatment can facilitate the apoptosis of breast cancer cells without p53 mutations. This finding was consistent with clinical experiences in which bcl-2 positive tumors were assdegrees Ciated with more indolent phenotypes in breast cancer.
Apoptosis* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Line* ; Down-Regulation ; Humans* ; MCF-7 Cells ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Tamoxifen

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. We reviewed the cases at our institution to identify the survival rates and clarify the prognostic factors of patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 6,918 patients who had received a diagnosis of gastric cancer, and they underwent surgery at Korea Cancer Center Hospital during a 15-year period from 1991 to 2005. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 66.8%. The univariate analysis revealed that age, location of tumor, gross type of tumor, the histology according to the WHO classification, the Lauren classification, depth of invasion (T stage), lymph node metastasis (N stage), distant metastasis (M stage), the type of surgery, the UICC TNM stage, postoperative complications, adjuvant chemotherapy, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion and perineural invasion were the significantly different factors of the survival rates. The multivariate analysis revealed that age , Borrmann type 4, the histology according to the WHO classification, depth of invasion (T stage), lymph node metastasis (N stage), distant metastasis (M stage), the type of surgery, UICC TNM stage, postoperative complications, adjuvant chemotherapy and lymphatic invasion were the independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: We have shown a statistically significant association between the survival rates after operation for gastric cancer and the clinicopathologic factors. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer, appropriate surgeryand adjuvant therapy might improve the quality of life and the survival rates of gastric cancer patients.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been shown to be accurate in axillary node staging in early breast cancer. If any SLN is positive, the standard care remains completion axillary node dissection (ALND). However over 50% of the patients with metastatic SLNs do not show other non-SLN metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of non-SLN tumor involvement in patients with metastatic SLNs. METHODS: We reviewed 387 breast cancer patients in whom an SLN biopsy was successfully performed using a subareolar injection of 99mTc-Tin colloid. RESULTS: Among the reviewed patients, 83 patients showed positive SLNs, and subsequently underwent ALND. In 47 of 83 patients (56.6%), SLNs were the only metastatic nodes. The following factors were assessed for predictors of non- SLN metastasis: age of the patient, size, grade, histologic type, multicentricity of the primary tumor, number of SLNs removed, number of ositive SLNs, number of negative SLNs, size of the SLN metastasis, percentage of SLNs replaced by metastasis, and extracapsular extension (ECE). By multi-variate analysis, the size of SLN metastasis (<2 mm), absence of ECE, and the percent replacement (.10%) were negative predictors of non-SLN metastasis. Among 18 cases in which micrometastasis were found in the SLNs, additional metastasis in non-SLN has been found in 3 cases. This result suggests that micro-metastasis in a SLN is not a sufficient condition for not performing ALND. However, in 9 cases, in which all of three factors (micrometastasis, absence of ECE, no more than 10% replacement of SLNs by tumor cells) were present, additional metastasis had not been found in the non-SLNs. CONCLUSION: Although further study is needed to verify the result, it would seem that the presence of all three factors (micrometastasis, absence of ECE, no more than 10% replace- ment of SLNs by tumor cells) in combination might be sufficient to safely omit ALND.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Colloids ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis

Hepatoma is one of the frequent cancers in Korea with an extremely poor prognosis. The prognostic factors in hepatoma are presence of venous invasion, multiplicity, size, and curative resection, but all things about prognosis are not elucidated yet. DNA ploidy pattern is one of the possible prognostic factors in HCC. Moreover, the study on DNA ploidy in Korean HCC is very scarce, so we studied DNA ploidy pattern in Korean HCC patients. We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from resected hepatoma specimens and the DNA ploidy was analysed with a flow cytometry system. Of the total 40 cases studied, 27 cases(67.5%) showed evaluable Coefficient of Variation(CV) level(less than 10). Among them 13 cases(48.1%) had an aneuploidy pattern. There were significant correlations between DNA ploidy and tumor size, presence of portal thrombi and TNM stage, although other conventional clinicopathologic prognostic factors did not show any significant correlation with DNA ploidy. In cases of tumors larger than 5 cm or presence of portal vein invasion, aneuploidy pattern was more frequently detected(p<0.05). But the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy pattern was not detected in resected hepatoma patients(p>0.1). Because of some limitation of paraffin-embedded tissue in flowcytometric analysis and heterogeneity of DNA ploidy pattern in HCC, we think that we should study multiple fresh samples in a prospective manner.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Korea ; Ploidies* ; Population Characteristics ; Portal Vein ; Prognosis