This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lead on the incidence of anemia and to find cases with lead poisoning early among female workers who have been exposed to lead occupationally, for one year from August, 1985. The level of blood lead and hemoglobin concentration were observed for 284 female lead workers and 123 female non-lead workers of industries in the Gumi industrial complex in Kyungpook Province. The average age was 20.3±2.9 years and 21.1±3.5 years in lead workers and non-lead workers, respectively. The average working duration was 26.46±19.26 months in lead workers. The mean value of blood lead was 30.11±6.61 µg/100 ml and 21.86±3.75 µg/100 ml in lead workers and non-lead workers, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups. The mean value of hemoglobin concentration was 14.00±0.57 g/100 ml and 14.03±0.64 g/100 ml in lead workers and non-lead workers, respectively. Anemia cases were not observed at Hb concentration below 12g/100 ml. The percentages of lead workers at Hb concentration ranged 12.0~13.0 g/100 ml were 4.5%. There was no dose-response relationship between blood lead level and the incidence of anemia. There were no remarkable differences between age and blood lead level as well as Hb concentration, and between working duration and the level of blood lead and hemoglobin.
Anemia ; Female* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lead Poisoning ; Occupational Exposure* ; Occupations

The author reported a case of maligmamt melanoma of the choroid. The patient, 23-year-old male, visited our hospital in sep. 1974, with blurring vidon (O.D) since 40 days ago. The tumor suspected to malignant melanoma was visible through clear media. Enucleation was performed and the histopathological examination revealed choroidal malignant malanoma composed of spindle A and spindle B type cells. No evidence of invasion into the optic nerve was noted.
Choroid* ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Optic Nerve ; Young Adult

The authors experienced a case of Marfan's syndrome in whom the right sided lens was dislocated into the anterior chamber and the left side inferio-temporally into vitreous. In addition, the lens of the right eye was complicated by cataract, and a favorable outcome was obtained by intracapsular lens extraction.
Anterior Chamber* ; Cataract ; Lens Subluxation* ; Marfan Syndrome*

Dermatofibroma, a benigh tumor, invading eyelid is seldom reported. The authors experienced a case of tumor invading medial part of the left lower eyelid in a patient of eight day of age. The tumor was resected under general anesthesia and histopathological study revealed it to be dermatofibroma.
Anesthesia, General ; Eyelids ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans

The authors analyzed the disposal of the color-defective person in the enterance examination of 24 colleges of natural science among 31 colleges that replied the questionaire sent by us to 70 Universities and colleges in Korea. The results revealed that there was no standard for permission or limitation of the color-defeetive person.
Humans ; Korea ; Natural Science Disciplines

Extracellular ATP elicits various biological responses and plays a significant role in physiological regulation. Recently, ATP-induced growth inhibitions were reported in some tumor cell lines, but these effects and mechanisms are not well known. This study was conducted to investigate ATP-induced growth inhibition in mouse leukemic (P388D,) cells. ATP inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner as analyzed by MTS assay (IC50: 33.1 muM). Nucleotides other than ATP, such as ADP (37.5 muM) and AMP (33.2 muM) had the same effects as ATP, but adenosine (57.8 muM) showed less effect than ATP. ATP attenuated the cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases, but increased those in S phase in flow cytometric analysis. Hypodiploid cells (A0), the presumptive findings of apoptosis, were found among the ATP-treated cells. ATP induced DNA fragmentation into 180 ~ 200 bps as measured by electrophoresis. Some apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL method. ATP increased the intracellular free Ca++ concentration ((Ca++)i) and the increment of (Ca++)i was caused by influx from the extracellular space. These results suggest that extracellular ATP induces growth inhibition through apoptosis.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Fragmentation ; Electrophoresis ; Extracellular Space ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice* ; Nucleotides ; S Phase

BACKGROUND: Although diabetes is a well-known risk factor for death, its impact on cancer death is not clearly understood. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are associated with increased risk of mortality. We investigated the impact of diabetes or glucose tolerance categories on all cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS: Mortality analysis was conducted in three population-based cohort studies of 3,801 participants, divided according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (normal; stage 1 IFG [5.6< or =FPG<6.1 mmol/L]; stage 2 IFG [6.1< or =FPG<7.0 mmol/L]; diabetes mellitus [DM]-FPG); or 2-hour glucose after 75 g glucose loading (2hPG) (normal; IGT; DM-2hPG), or a combination of FPG and 2hPG criteria. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.0 years, 474 subjects died from all causes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all cause death were higher in those with diabetes as defined by either FPG or 2hPG criteria than their normal counterparts (HR, 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 2.9 for DM-FPG; HR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.7 for DM-2hPG). Similarly, diabetes defined by either FPG or 2hPG was associated with cancer death (HR, 2.9, 95% CI, 1.7 to 5.0; and HR, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.9, respectively). Although neither IFG nor IGT conferred higher risk for death, when combining stage 2 IFG and/or IGT, the risk of all cause death was higher than in subjects with normal glucose regulation (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6). CONCLUSION: Diabetes is associated with higher risk of death from all causes and cancer. In subjects without diabetes, stage 2 IFG and/or IGT confers increased risk for mortality.
Blood Glucose* ; Cohort Studies* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance ; Korea* ; Mortality* ; Plasma* ; Risk Factors

In order to improve the quality of life and to prevent chronic complications related to diabetes mellitus, intensive lifestyle modification and proper medication are needed from the early stage of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When using the first medication for diabetic patients, the appropriate treatment should be selected considering the clinical characteristics of the patient, efficacy of the drug, side effects, and cost. In general, the use of metformin as the first treatment for oral hypoglycemic monotherapy is recommended because of its excellent blood glucose-lowering effect, relatively low side effects, long-term proven safety, low risk of hypoglycemia, and low weight gain. If metformin is difficult to use as a first-line treatment, other appropriate medications should be selected in view of the clinical situation. If the goal of achieving glycemic control is not achieved by monotherapy, a combination therapy with different mechanisms of action should be initiated promptly.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Life Style ; Metformin ; Quality of Life ; Weight Gain

In order to improve the quality of life and to prevent chronic complications related to diabetes mellitus, intensive lifestyle modification and proper medication are needed from the early stage of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When using the first medication for diabetic patients, the appropriate treatment should be selected considering the clinical characteristics of the patient, efficacy of the drug, side effects, and cost. In general, the use of metformin as the first treatment for oral hypoglycemic monotherapy is recommended because of its excellent blood glucose-lowering effect, relatively low side effects, long-term proven safety, low risk of hypoglycemia, and low weight gain. If metformin is difficult to use as a first-line treatment, other appropriate medications should be selected in view of the clinical situation. If the goal of achieving glycemic control is not achieved by monotherapy, a combination therapy with different mechanisms of action should be initiated promptly.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Life Style ; Metformin ; Quality of Life ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the nature the research trends of articles published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing (JKAFN). METHOD: Comparison analysis between articles in JKAFN (Volume 13, Number 1-3) and articles in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (Volume 36, Number 1-3, 5-7) based on knowledge development classification was used to identify the nature of research trends in JKAFN. RESULTS: Based on comparison with Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, research trends in JKAFN were dominant; in personal knowledge in the pattern of knowing in nursing, in the desiderative focus in cognitive needs for nursing epistemology, in advancing of various aspects of nursing in the focus of knowledge, and practice domain in the domains for nursing. CONCLUSION: The major focuses on research trends in JKAFN were nursing practice, actions of nurses in practice and practice guideline applicable in nursing education.
Classification* ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Publications*