OBJECTIVEThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis on Wilkes III stage patients. Clinical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings before treatment and six months after treatment were compared and analyzed.

METHODSA total of 137 outpatients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJID) associated with Wilkes III stage through clinical examination and MRI findings from January 2013 to December 2013 were randomly included. All the patients were successfully treated with arthrocentesis. Moreover, all the patients accepted clinical and MRI examination before arthrocentesis treatment and six months after. Clinical examination included visual analogue scale and opening degree, whereas MRI examination included articular disc morphology and effusion in the upper compartments. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0.

RESULTSResults showed that the average score of visual analogue scale six months after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05). The success rate was 78.1% (107/137). The rate of disc deformity after arthrocentesis treatment was higher than that before the treatment. By contrast, the positive rate of effusion after arthrocentesis was significantly lower than that before the treatment (P < 0.05). Bilaminar zone adaptive changes (disk-like) were found in seven cases (5.1%, 7/137) after treatment.

CONCLUSIONArthrocentesis could effectively relieve pain of the TMJID patients. Furthermore, MRI results indicated that arthrocentesis could significantly decrease articular effusion. Arthrocentesis was effective for the treatment of Wilkes III stage in the short term. Adaptive changes in bilaminar zone occurred in a few patients. However, serious disc deformity with the passage of time is a trend that has been observed.

Arthrocentesis ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Outpatients ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; pathology ; surgery ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Analog Scale

Objective: To study the effects of downregulation of osteopontin (OPN) on biological behaviors and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Methods: siRNA expression vectors were designed to target OPN and named as pSilence-OPN S 1 and pSilence-OPN S 2. The two plasmids were transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of OPN and MMP-2 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of downregulation of OPN on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and malignant phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells were determined by MIT assay, flow cytometry, and soft agar assay, respectively. The level of MMP-2 protein in the supernatant of cultured cells was measured with ELISA. Results: The expression of OPN in the transfected cells (M-OPN S 1 and M-OPN S 2) was significantly downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels compared with MDA-MB-231 cells. The proliferation of transfected cells was inhibited and the cells were arrested at S phase. Downregulation of OPN caused a significant reduction in colony formation rate and MMP-2 expression. Conclusions: The stable silencing of OPN gene expression with siRNA inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, downregulats malignant degree and MMP-2 expression. It may provide a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer therapy.

Objective To investigate the differences between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound findings in isolated ventricular septal defects.Methods Totally 244 cases of isolated ventricular septal defect were retrospectively analyzed and followed in one year after birth.All fetus were divided into the correct group and the error group according to the postnatal results.The size and type of ventricular septal defect and ventricular shunt were assessed and analyzed statistically.Results In all of the 244 cases,correct group included 181 cases and error group included 63 cases.There was no significant difference in the type of defects between two groups (P=0.061);there were significant differences in the size of postpartum defect and the velocity of ventricular shunt between the two groups (both P＜0.05),and no significant difference of the direction of shunt between two groups (P=0.408);there were significant differences in the size of defects between the prenatal and postnatal in correct groups (P＜0.05),but the direction of shunt had no significant difference (P=0.087).Conclusion There is certain detection rate in prenatal diagnosis of isolated ventricular septal defect;anatomical characteristics of defect may affect antenatal examination results.There was significant difference between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound in the same lesion.

Objective To discuss the optimal imaging conditions of spatio-temporal image correlatin (STIC). Methods Conventional 2D fetal echocardiography and 3D STIC volume collection were performed in 130 fetuses. The images obtained using two methods were scored and compared. Results Complete 3D volume collection with the initial view of four chamber view were abtained in 121 fetuses, the successful rate was 93.13%. There was no significant differences in total score between the two methods. Significant difference was found between the score of different condition groups.The highest scores mostly appeared in lateral four chamber heart in both method groups. The highest scores mostly appeared in 25-29 gestational weeks with 2D ultrasound, while 20-24 gestational weeks with 3D ultrasound, scores in long axis views of vessels were statistically different. Conclusion STIC has advantages over conventional ultrasonography, but needs conditions control and analysis skills.

Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Plasmids ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Swine

Objective To evaluate risk factors of in-hospital mortality during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) support for those with refractory cardiogenic shock after aortic surgery.Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted for 35 patients using ECMO after aortic surgery at Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2009 to March 2016.Demographic characteristics,diagnosis,ECMO related data,including ECMO indication,operation,clinical parameters before and 24 hours during ECMO were collected to set up a database.The patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to the prognosis.The risk factors of mortality in hospital after ECMO were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis regression.Results There were 35 adult patients who had received ECMO support with 32 male and 3female.All patients received veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO).ECMO was successfully weaned in 22 patients (62.9％),and 18 patients(51.4％) survived.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high lactic acid levels at 12 hours after ECMO(OR =1.445;95％ CI:1.026-2.034) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS,OR =10.412;95％ CI:2.246-70.798)(P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality in adult patients undergoing ECMO after aortic surgery.Conclusion High lactic acid levels at 12 hours after ECMO and MODS were very important factors of patients undergoing ECMO after aortic surgery.The proper identification and management shall improve the prognosis of patients.

The vagus nerve is involved in the regulation of human inflammation, mood and pain. Stimulation of the vagus nerve has assured therapeutic effects on intractable epilepsy and refractory depression. On the surface of the human body, the ear is the only area in which vagal afferent fibers distribute. According to the "bottom-up" mechanism of the signal processing, the central nervous system can be modulated by stimulating the peripheral nerve. Therefore, stimulation of the vagus nerve can regulate the activities of brain stem, thalamus, cerebral cortex and other related areas to produce therapeutic effects. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation is a safe, low-cost, non-invasive physical therapy modified from vagus nerve stimulation. This review focuses on the regulation of organ function by transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and its application to diseases treatment.

AIM: To explore the long-term efficacy of Q-factor guided laser epithelial keratomleusis ( LASEK ) for myopia and astigmatism with positive Q-factor.
METHODS: There were 158 eyes which were myopia and astigmatism with positive Q- factor taken in two groups randomly: 86 eyes accepted Q - factor guided LASEK as observation group and 72 eyes accepted routine LASEK as control group. The difference between the two groups about all data was similar. The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) and the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) as well as diopter, ocular tension, corneal topography, Keratometry value K, aspherical factor Q, Higher-order aberrations ( HOA ) , corneal thickness by ultrasound and, contrast sensitivity ( CS ) , Haze were examined and compared before and after surgery. All the cased were followed up for 14d, 1, 3, 6, 12mo. And there were no statistical difference among the data before surgery.
RESULTS: After 12mo there were no statistical difference between the two groups about UCVA and BCVA. But the safety index of observation group was 1.10, that of control group was 1. 07. The validity index of observation group was 1. 06, that of control group was 0.99. The HOA of observation group was 0. 45±0. 17μm, and that of control group was 0. 72±0.25μm, there was statistically significant difference (t=-8. 193,P=0. 000). Q factor of observation group was 0. 41±0. 17, that of control group was 0. 77±0. 22, there was significant difference (t=11. 377,P = 0. 028). The contrast sensitivity of 3mo post surgery of patients in the observation group returned to the level of before surgery. But in the control group the contrast sensitivity of the patients did not returned until 6mo.
CONCLUSION:Q-factor guided LASEK for myopia and astigmatism with positive Q-factor is stable, safe and effective. The operation allow for reducing the high order aberrations, maintaining the most asphericity of cornea, saving more in corneal tissue, which cause faster recovery of contrast sensitivity, less haze and better visual quality.

Objective To evaluate the correlations of vascular structures,hemodynamic changes and recanalization before receiving carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) in patients with subtotal or complete occlusion of carotid artery using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. Methods A total of 107 patients were diagnosed as subtotal ( stenosis rate 95% to 99%) or complete occlusion of carotid artery with DSA and treated with CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2014 were enrolled retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 61 ± 9 years. According to the findings of DSA,they were divided into either a carotid artery subtotal occlusion group (n=63) or a complete occlusion group (n=44). The vascular diameter,the locations of the lesions ( internal carotid artery or common carotid artery) ,the lumen echo characteristics,and whether internal-external artery collateral circulation patent or not at different stages in patients of both groups were documented. Results The lumen diameter of distal segment was significant wider in patients of the complete occlusion group compared with the subtotal occlusion group (4. 1 ± 1. 1 mm vs. 3. 2 ± 0. 8 mm). There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P <0. 01). There was no significant difference between the location of occlusion and the recanalization rate (P=0. 460). The recanalization rate of the lumen homogeneous echo ( hypoecho and echodense) filling patients (94. 1% vs. 86. 7%) was significantly higher than that of the patients of heterogeneity echo. In patients with complete occlusion of internal carotid artery,the recanalization of CEA would increase when the internal-external collateral arteries were patent. For general comparison,the recanalization rate of the subtotal occlusion group was significantly higher than that of the complete occlusion group (P<0. 01). Conclusion The carotid artery diameter normal or broadening ,the homogeneous echo in the occlusive lumen and the internal-external collateral arteries patency are closely associated with the recanalization rate. The preoperative ultrasonography has great value for the assessment of recanalization of carotid artery occlusive disease after CEA.

Objective To compare the clinicopathological features of Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer with other gastric cancer and explore prognostic factors of the patients with Borrmann type Ⅳ cancer.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 671 advanced gastric cancer patients.They were divided into 2 groups:Borrmann type Ⅳ (64 cases) and other macroscopic Borrmann types of cancer (607 cases).Their clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival data were analyzed.Results Age,sex,tumor size,tumor location,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,TNM classification were discrepant between Borrmann type Ⅳ and other macroscopic Borrmann types of cancer.The 5-year survival rate of Borrmann type Ⅳ cancer patients was 20.1％,while it was 40.3％ for other types of cancer (P ＜ 0.05).The 5-year survival rate for Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer and the other type gastric cancer was 50.0％ and 72.0％ at stage Ⅰ,30.0％ and 57.9％ at stage Ⅱ,18.0％ and 28.4％ at stage Ⅲ,and 16.4％ and 20.0％ at stage Ⅳ (all P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Multivariate analyses revealed age,histology differentiation type,tumor size,the Borrmann type carcinoma and tumor stage to be independent prognostic factors for survival.Conclusions Borrmann type carcinoma has unique clinicopathological features compared with other types of gastric carcinoma and is an important independent prognostic factor.