Objective To evaluate the hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) in the diagnosis of brain diseases.Methods 1.5 Tesla MR scanner of GE Company was used,and single voxel technique was applied in 45 healthy subjects as control group and 115 patients presented with different brain lesions.The 1H-MRS metabolites waveform were evaluated,and the results were analyzed.Results The values of NAA,Cho,Cr and Lac,Lip and NAA/Cho as well as Cho/Cr from the patients showed a statistical difference to the control group,with P not more than 0.05.Conclusion The 1H-MRS results of lesions in the brain disease show statistical differences,and when combined with conventional MRI can contribute to a confident diagnosis.

Sharing medical data may reduce unnecessary repetitive studies and promote the cooperation between research groups.By analyzing the mature practices of some other countries,we proposed solutions to China's current problems in sharing medical research data,such as formulating sharing policies,strengthening platform construction and enhancing international cooperation.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognosis of idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (IDON), the rate of its conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its clinical features related to the conversion.Methods Patients satisfying our entry criteria for IDON hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital during the period from 2002 to 2007 were re-evaluated with follow-ups for 6-months to 5-years.The McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (revised, 2005) was used to diagnose MS in these subjects during follow-up and the diagnosis of NMO utilized 1999 Wingerchuk' s NMO criteria.The Chi-Squared χ2 test was applied to statistically analyze association of clinical features and development of MS or NMO.Results In 107 recruited IDON cases with complete clinical data and follow-up, 12 cases (11.2%) developed into MS or NMO during follow-up period.All 12 cases met the revised McDonald criteria, of which 4 cases met NMO criteria and the remaining eight cases showed some clinical evidence of "optic-spinal MS (OS-MS)".A significantly higher conversion rate of 23.1% was found in recurrent IDON than the 4.4% in single-episode cases (χ2 = 6.899, P < 0.01) .Convesion rate of female patiends (17.2%) is significantly higher than male patients (4.1%, χ2 = 4.620, P < 0.05).Conversion rate of 18.2% in patients with initially abnormal brain MRI was higher than rate of 8.1% in cases with normal brain MRI, but the difference was not statistically significant.No difference was found between presence or absence of swollen disc, nor severity of vision loss.Conclusions In a group of IDON patients, 11.2% developed into MS and NMO or clinically indicative OS-MS.Recurrent IDON and female gender suggested higher risk of developing MS or NMO.

Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; complications ; Presbycusis ; complications

Objective To analyze the phenotype and genatics in a Chinese family with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease(EOFAD). Methods Peripheral blood were collected in available members in the family and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR-sequencing of exon 16 and exon 17 of the amyloid precursor protein(APP) gene, presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) was performed. Results At age 40, two EOFAD patients (siblings) in the family developed an insidious onset of difficulties in memory. One ( Ⅱ3 in the pedigree) showed blinking. The other ( Ⅱ 5 ) showed irritability and bradykinesia.Progressive diffuse coritcal atrophy in bilateral temporal cortex was observed. Moderate diffuse cerebral dysfunction was observed in Ⅱ3 by the electroencephalogram study and neuropsychological assessments.Sequencing revealed that both patients were heterozygous for a mutation c. 2343 G ＞ A in exon 17 of APP,causing the amino acid substitution Val715Met. Four members ( Ⅱ1, Ⅱ 3, Ⅱ 5 and Ⅲ1 ) were homozygous for ApoE ε4 allele. Ⅱ9 was ε2/ε4. Conclusions This study identified a mutation, Val715Met in the APP gene in Chinese patients with EOFAD. We suggest screening for APP gene mutations in Chinese patients with EOFAD.

Objective To investigate the effect of the down regulation of matriptase expression on invasion of human pancreatic cancers cells SW1990.Methods Small interfering RNA targeting at matriptase (Ma-siRNA) was transfected into human pancreatic cancers SW1990 cells,and nonsense siRNA (NC-siRNA) group was used as control.Real time PCR assay and Western blot were used to detect the expression of matriptase mRNA and protein.Transwell assay was used to examine the invasion ability of cancer cells.The enzymatic activity of matriptase and MMP-9 was determined by gelatin zymography assay.Results The expression level of matriptase mRNA in NC-siRNA group,12.5,25,50 nmol/L Ma-siRNA group were 1.000,0.417 ± 0.006,0.233 ± 0.068,0.221 ± 0.092;and the protein expression of matriptase were 0.736 ± 0.066,0.498 ± 0.036,0.341 ± 0.118,0.239 ± 0.050,respectively.The matriptase mRNA and protein expression in Ma-siRNA groups was significantly lower than those in NC-siRNA group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The enzymatic activity of matriptase were 1.501 ±0.165,1.211 ±0.265,0.645 ±0.165,0.620 ±0.003,and the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 were 0.929 ± 0.260,0.484 ± 0.364,0.352 ± 0.113,0.346 ± 0.121,and the enzymatic activity of matriptase and MMP-9 in 25,50 nmol/L Ma-siRNA groups was significantly lower than that in NC-siRNA group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The number of transmembrane cell was (256 ± 1)/per 200 power field,and it was (109 ± 3)/per 200 power field in 25 nmol/L Ma-siRNA group,and the invasion ability of the cells in 25 nmol/L Ma-siRNA group was decreased by (57.4 ± 5.4) ％ when compared with that of control group.Conclusions Down-regulation of matriptase inhibits invasion ability of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells,and this result may be due to the down regulated enzymatic activity of matriptase and MMP-9.

Objective To explore the related factors with plasma neuropeptide Y in 180 normal healthy people by stepwise regression analysis. Methods Right ventricular end-diastolic diameter(RVDD),inter-ventricular septum end-diastolic thickness(IVST),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDD),left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness(LVPWT),ejection fraction(EF),strole volume(SV),cardiac output(CO),cadiac output index(CI),stroke volume index(SI) and plasma neuropeptide Y were measured respectively by echocardiography and immunoradioassay in all subjects. In addition,we examined the height,weight,blood pressure,heart rate and subcutaneous fat thickness in every subjects. Results The plasma neuropeptide Y wasn't significant difference in different gender and age(P≥0.05). The plasma neuropeptide Y of healthy population was normal distribution and the 95% of confidence interval 70.27 to 190.61,and 99% of confidence interval was 51.23 to 209.65. Conclusion The EF,height,LVST,diastolic blood pressure,CO,SV and subcutaneous fat thickness were the major related-factors of neuropeptide Y in plasma. The EF and height were negatively correlated with plasma neuropeptide Y,and other five factors were postive correlated with it.

Objective To screen 18 endophytes from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord for molluscicidal effect and identify them by morphology. Methods Molluscicidal tests were performed according to the immersion test suggested by WHO and the strain screened was identified by the slide culture. Results The mortality rates of snails immersed by JJ18 broth salified (pH=7) were 26.7%, 76.7% and 100.0% for 24,48 h and 72 h, respectively, and 53.3% and 86.7% in 5% and 10% concentrations of JJ18 broth, respectively. The active components were extracellular moiety of the broth which had no acute toxicity to fish, and JJ18 strain belonged to Aspergillus. Conclusion Extracellular moiety of endophyte JJ18 from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord is a new resource of molluscicide.

Background There are two types of different questionnaires in dry eye diagnosis.But the associations about two questionnaires or questionnaire and clinical examination are still unclear.To effectively quantize the symptoms is helpful for a correct diagnosis of dry eye disease.Objective This survey was to evaluate the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI) questionnaire for the diagnosis of dry eye and investigate the correlation between the clinical examinations and questionnaires. Methods A perspective cohort study was designed.Sixty-six patients were enrolled in this study.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Peking University First Hospital,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any ocular examination.SPEED-based and OSDI-based questionnaires were used to score the dry eye symptom and grouped according to severity of complains.Corneal fluorescence staining,tear film breakup time(BUT),Schirmer I test and tear film interferometry were performed in all patients.The correlations between two questionnaires scores and their association with clinical examinations were evaluated.Results The negative correlations were found between the SPEED-based score or OSDI-based score with BUT value(r=0.390,P=0.001 ;r=-0.395,P=0.001 ),but no significant correlations were seen between the SPEED-based score or OSDI-based score with Schirmer test( r=-0.081,P=0.515; r=-0.080,P=0.525)and tear film interferometry score(r=0.158,P=0.204;r=0.219,P=0.077).The BUT was significantly prolonged in mild symptom group compared with serious group(t=2.339,P=0.022),but no significant difference was seen in Schirmer Ⅰ test and tear film interferometry scores using SPEED-based questionnaire ( t =0.404,P =0.687 ; t =- 0.947,P =0.347 ) ; while the positive fluorescence staining rate between two groups was significantly different (x2 =0.164,P =0.685 ).When using OSDI-based questionnaire,significant difference in BUT was seen among mild,moderate and serious symptom groups ( F =11.871,P =0.000 ),and BUT in mild symptom group was delayed in comparison with moderat and serious groups( P=0.000,0.000).No significant differences were found in Schirmer Ⅰ test,tear film interferometry scores and fluorescence staining rate among three groups(F=1.432,P =0.246; F =2.799,P =0.068; x2 =6.026,P =0.050).SPEED score showed a positive correlation with OSDI score ( r =0.697,P =0.000 ). Conclusions Both OSDI and SPEED are effective tools for the evaluation of symptoms of dry eye.The two types of questionnaires are consistent in symptoms evaluation.

As a critical part of national scientific and technology system reform, construction of national innovation system is a fundamental measure of innovation driven development strategy.Medical science and technology innovation system (MSTIS) is an important component of national innovation system (NIS).It is essential to elaborate the content, characteristics and process of the MSTIS.Based on the development status of Chinese economy and society and the framework of NIS, we evaluated the characteristics of medical science and technology development, and ultimately concluded and elaborated the content and characteristics of MSTIS from the following aspects: innovation force, innovation subjects, innovation activities, and innovation environments.We also prospected the future process of MSTIS, i.e., promotion of innovation force, ability construction of innovation subjects,scientific plan of innovation activities, and improvement of innovation environment.