Phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes play pivotal role in the biotransform and metabolism of exogenous substances, which might influence its ability of metabolism and detoxification to exogenous carcinogens.Polymorphism have been demonstrated in various phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes and etiology studies showed that individuals exposed to the same environment could develop different susceptibility to tumorigenesis due to different metabolic enzyme polymorphism. Here, we summarized the effects of phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme polymorphism on the risk of cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between pulsed radiofrequency voltage and therapeutic effect on idiopathic trigeminalneuralgia. Methods 22 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients treated with standard pulsed radiofrequency ineffectively and other 22 patientswith satisfactory effect were included. The pulsed radiofrequency voltage, electric resistance, stimulating voltage and postoperativecomplications were compared. Results Pulsed radiofrequency voltage in the effective group was more than that in ineffective group (P<0.01). More patients suffered from mild numbness in the pulsed radiofrequency effective group (P<0.01). Conclusion The pulsed radiofrequencyvoltage is an important factor affecting the therapeutic effect.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Europe ; Humans ; United States

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of Acarbose on type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with postprandial hypotension (PPH) in elderly patient. Methods: A total of 60 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PPH who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital from July 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study.Patients were given Acarbose intervention for two weeks.The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose before and after treatment were monitored, and the therapeutic effects and side effects were evaluated. Results: After Acarbose intervention, postprandial systolic pressure (F=9.311, P=0.033), diastolic pressure (F=8.710, P=0.026) and mean arterial pressure (F=7.710, P=0.021) were decreased significantly in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and PPH by comparison with those before intervention.There was no significant difference in heart rate fluctuation(F=8.091, P=0.069)and in fasting blood glucose level(t=0.209, P=0.120)before and after treatment.The 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level was lower in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and PPH after treatment of acarbose than before treatment [(7.9±0.9)mmol/L vs. (8.9±1.9)mmol/L, t=18.310, P=0.003]. The incidence rate of PPH was 100.0% before treatment, and decreased to 43.3% (26/60) after acarbose intervention (χ²=51.430, P=0.000). There were 5 patients with adverse reactions, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 8.3%(5/60), and no patients had cerebral ischemia. Conclusions Acarbose can alleviate postprandial blood pressure, decrease the fluctuation of postprandial blood glucose and reduce the incidence of PPH, which has a high safety.It may be one of the effective measures in treating diabetes mellitus combined with postprandial hypotension in the elderly.

Using direct current-electropolishing technique, the present study investigated the function of components and effects of operating conditions on polishing quality direct current-electropolishing of 316L stainless steel stent materials. Smooth surface was obtained quickly using this technique.

AIM: To evaluate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) or conbercept combined with macular laser grid photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion( RVO) . ·METHODS: Fifty cases ( 50 eyes ) with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion were selected and assigned to 2 groups: intravitreal injection of TA or conbercept, and laser photocoagulation after 7d. Best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , fundus examination, optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were examined before intravitreous injection and 14d, 1 and 3mo after laser, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) were examined 3mo after treatment. The postoperative results at each time point were compared with preoperative values. · RESULTS: Two kinds of treatment compared with preoperative, the BCVA all increased in various degrees. At 14d after intravitreous injection, 1 and 3mo after laser, the ratio of vision improved in TA group was 76%, 80%, 68%, conbercept group was 88%, 92%, 88%, BCVA of two groups in each period all had varying degrees of increase than preoperative. The best BCVA acquired at 1mo after treatment. The macular thickness after treatment was significantly lower than preoperative in two groups. At preoperative, 14d, 1 and 3mo after treatment, the macular thickness in TA group was 557. 5 ± 150. 9,301. 7±120. 1, 262. 7 ± 131. 2, 338. 1 ± 146. 5μm; the macular thickness in conbercept group was 569. 4 ± 135. 9, 282. 3 ± 133. 5, 259. 5 ± 116. 4, 307. 8 ± 122. 6μm. The macular thickness of the two groups were significantly different between preoperative and postoperative. · CONCLUSION: The combination of intravitreous injection of TA or conbercept with macular laser grid photocoagulation can be an effective method in the treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO, conbercept treatment is more effective and security.

Objective To investigate the incidence, possible mechanisms, clinical features of severe headache after posterior fossa craniotomy. Methods 119 neurosurgical patients undergoing selective posterior fossa craniotomy were analyzed retrospectively. Results 45 （37.8%） patients experienced severe postoperative pain, which could be identified as neuralgia (19 cases), cervicogenic headache (9 cases) and incision of scalp pain （17 cases）. Conclusion In addition to neuralgia and incision of scalp pain, cervicogenic factor plays an important role in severe headache after posterior fossa craniotomy.

Objective To explore the clinical features and therapeutic strategies of neuralgia after subfrontal craniotomy.Methods 132 neurosurgical patients undergoing selective subfrontal craniotomy without the pain of the incision of scalp were involved. The onset, severity, and characters of the neuralgia were recorded. The therapeutic effects of medicine and nerve block on neuralgia were observed.Results Supraorbital neuralgia (9.8%) and superficial temporal neuralgia (3%) occurred 3～4 days and aggravated 4～7 days after subfrontal craniotomy. The headache could be persistent and become more serious intermittently and irradiated to frontal, parietal, temperal, and para-orbital region. Physical examination revealed homolateral tenderness of supraorbital notch and para-arteria temporalis superficialis. Severity of headache improved dramatically after nerve block therapy.Conclusion It is important to identify whether supraorbital neuralgia and superficial temporal neuralgia are onset after subfrontal craniotomy. Nerve block therapy gets excellent clinical result in treating post-craniotomy neuralgia.

Objective To explore the clinical features of subcutaneous fluid collection and post-operative headache after craniotomy and assess the efficacy and side effects of the millimeter wave treatment.MethodsA total of 32 neurosurgical patients with post-operative subcutaneous fluid collection were involved in this study and divided into traditional and millimeter wave treatment groups randomly. Subcutaneous fluid volume after 3 days, time for complete fluid absorption, time of hospital stay, incidence of related infections and severe headache between two groups were assessed.ResultsThe fluid reduction is 93.8% in the millimeter wave treatment group and 76.5% in the traditional treatment group 3 days after treatment (P<0.05); time for complete fluid absorption was also shorter in the millimeter wave treatment group; there is no infection in the millimeter wave treatment group and 3 cases in the traditional treatment group, millimeter wave treatment also reduced the occurrence of severe post-operative headache; there is no treatment-related side-effects in the millimeter treatment group.ConclusionMillimeter wave treatment is an efficacious and safe method for subcutaneous fluid collection after craniotomy, and can reduce the occurrences of related infections and post-operative pain.

ObjectiveTo assess rat behavior, observe apoptotic morphology of neurons and measure expression of caspase-3 in substantia nigra(SN) of Parkinson's disease(PD) animal model. Methods6-OHDA was stereotacticly injected into the right striatum of the rats at two sites to produce PD models. After 5 weeks, the behavior tests including modified Morris Water Maze and narrow beam test were measured. Then tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) histochemistry, Hoechst 33258 staining, Western blotting for caspase-3 in right substantia nigra was separately conducted.ResultsEscape velocity significantly decreased and its latency was obviously enlarged in modified Morris Water Maze, and the latency and total time in narrow beam test were also markedly increased (P<0-05) in 15 successful PD rats compared with either the sham group or the normal group. Furthermore, there were obvious less TH-positive neurons in lesioned SN while more apoptotic cells appeared there. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 was highly upregulated in lesioned SN.Conclusion6-OHDA induced neuronal apoptosis in SN is associated with high levels of caspase-3, and the results of rat behavior tests are correspondent with the morphological changes including TH immunohistochemistry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Thus modified Morris Water Maze and narrow beam test are beneficial for assessments of effects of new drugs in PD animal model.