OBJECTIVE To find out the status of and impact factors on bacterial concentration in clean operating room.METHODS Set a questionnaire to the staff in the operating room of 24 tertiary 3A hospitals.RESULTS The 9 basic questions got correct and accordant answers.The answers for the 5 questions which were related to the characteristic of clean operating room had biger errors and difference.CONCLUSIONS The investigatees know about the basic requirements of the detecting method for bacterial concentration,but lack for the exact cognition of special requirements in clean operating room(e.g.State standard).The sticking point of the current problem is the misunderstanding on the 5 key questions.In order to make sure the excellent air condition in the cleaning operating room,the training of correlative specialty is very important.

Objective To investigate the electromyographic changes in the anterior temporal and masseter muscles of patients with long-term unilateral mandibular first molar loss. Methods Eighteen patients with one-year or more than one-year loss of unilateral mandibular first molar were selected as experimental group,and eighteen volunteers from similar places,had similar dietary habits in the same age and gender with normal occlusion were recruited as control group. Surface electromyography was used for the evaluation of the electrical activities of bilateral anterior temporal and masseter muscles in mandibular postural position ( MPP ) , maximal clenching in intercuspal position ( ICP) and masticating situations. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17. 0 software package to compare the differ-ences among groups. Results The average electrical activities of anterior temporal and masseter muscles in MPP of experimental group were significantly higher than the contral group,and the missing side was higher than the non-missing side ( P <0. 05 ) . The average electrical activities of anterior temporal and masseter muscles in maximal clenching and masticating were significantly lower than the control group,especially in the masticating situation( P<0. 05 ) . The asymmetry index of anterior temporal muscles and masseter muscles in MPP and maximal clenching were significantly different(P<0. 05). Conclusion Long-term loss of unilateral mandibular first molar can affect the electrical activities of the anterior temporal muscles and masseter muscles in the experimental group,especially for the missing side and in the masticating situation. These results also suggest that it might be one of the potential factors on mastication system disorders.

Objective To establish an animal model of sacral nerve root avulsion in rats and e-valuate its efficiency. Methods A total of 20 adult SD rats (either sex) were chosen at random to es-tablish the sacral nerve root avulsion model by avulsing the fight L4-6 nerve roots out of intervertebral fo-ramina without laminectomy. The left side was set as control group. The models were evaluated in aspects of survival rate, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), horse radish peroxidase (HRP) tracing, bilateral weight and cross section area (CSA) of muscle biceps femo-ris, fiber of triceps surae and anterior tibial muscle. Results Of all, 19 rats were survived but one died, with survival rate of 95.0%. The BBB score was (10.78+3.15) points in experimental group and 21 points in control group. The success rate of establishing animal model was 89.5% ,for there detected no SEP in bilateral cerebral cortex of the wounded extremity of 17 rats. HRP showed positive reaction in the spinal segment of L4-6 in two rats but negative in 17, with success rate of 89.5%. There was statistical difference in aspects of weight and muscle fiber CSA of double biceps femoris, triceps surae and anterior fibial muscle between experimental group and control group. Electron microscope found denervation chan-ges including muscle fiber atrophy, nucleus shifting to (center and muscle satellite cell. Conclusion A-vulsion of L4-6 sacral nerve root out of vertebral canal is a feasible and ideal method to establish the avui-sion model of sacral nerve root injury in rats.

Ubiquitination on target proteins is the signal of cellular protein degradation.Ubiquitin ligase E3 is one of the key enzymes in ubiquitination,it recognizes a specific substrate protein and recruits an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2,mediating the ubquitin transfer from the E2 to the substrate protein.Ubiquitin ligase E3 can be divided into two subfamilies according to their different structure characters and function mechanisms,the HECT(homologous to E6AP C terminus) family and the RING-finger family.Members of the HECT E3 share the common HECT catalytic domain,which can bind to an E2 and load the ubiquitin on themselves before catalyzing the transfer of ubiquitin to the target proteins.While the RING-finger E3 all contain an similar E2 binding domain and a unique substrate binding part,mediating direct ubiquitin transfer from the E2 to the substrate.The most recent progresses in the stuctural and functional studies of these two E3 famlies were summarized.

OBJECTIVE:Alfuzosin concentration in human serum was determined by RP-HPLC METHODS:The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-phosphate buffer-triethylamine(10∶30∶60∶0 05) After being extracted with ethyl ace_tate,alfuzosin was analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC (Shim-pack CLC-ODS,4 6mm?150mm,5?m)and fluorescence detection with excitation wavelength set at 334nm and emission at 378nm RESULTS:Over the concentration range of 0 4～51 2?g/L,the linear regression equation was A=0 3 909C+0 0 605(n=8,r=0 9 996) The average recovery of alfuzosin was 99 4% The intra-and inter-day RSDs were less than 15% CONCLUSION:The method is accurate and can be used for studying the pharmacokinetics of alfuzosin

Objective To generally analyze the current situations of clinical research and applications in early enteral nutrition (EEN) after abdominal surgery. Methods The published papers about the current situations of clinical research and applications in EEN after abdominal surgery were reviewed. Results EEN after abdominal surgery seems to be safe and effective, produces a positive nitrogen balance, keeps the integrality of structure and function of the apparatus, protects gut barrier, and reduces or prevents septic complications. Conclusion EEN may be of more benefits and will be one of the best methods of nutrition support after abdominal surgery.

Objective To evaluate risk factors of in-hospital mortality during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) support for those with refractory cardiogenic shock after aortic surgery.Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted for 35 patients using ECMO after aortic surgery at Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2009 to March 2016.Demographic characteristics,diagnosis,ECMO related data,including ECMO indication,operation,clinical parameters before and 24 hours during ECMO were collected to set up a database.The patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to the prognosis.The risk factors of mortality in hospital after ECMO were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis regression.Results There were 35 adult patients who had received ECMO support with 32 male and 3female.All patients received veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO).ECMO was successfully weaned in 22 patients (62.9％),and 18 patients(51.4％) survived.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high lactic acid levels at 12 hours after ECMO(OR =1.445;95％ CI:1.026-2.034) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS,OR =10.412;95％ CI:2.246-70.798)(P ＜ 0.05) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality in adult patients undergoing ECMO after aortic surgery.Conclusion High lactic acid levels at 12 hours after ECMO and MODS were very important factors of patients undergoing ECMO after aortic surgery.The proper identification and management shall improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To analyze distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood specimens of inpa-tients,so as to guiding the principle of clinical use of antibacterials and improve clinical efficacy.Methods The results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test of 2 125 blood specimens,from November 2012 to November 2014,in the Rizhao Hospital of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 233 strains of pathogens were isolated(the positive rate was 10.96%),including 57 strains of gram-positive coccus(accounted for 24.46%)and 1 74 strains of gram-negative bacilli(accoun-ted for 74.68%).The coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were most common in gram-positive coccus,the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)were 84.2% and 40.0%,respectively.The rate of drug resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin were no less than 80.0%.The Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseud-omonas aeruginosa were most common in gram-negative bacilli,the detection rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 35.85% and 28.13%,respectively.The sensitive rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem were both 100.0%.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli is the most common pathogen in this hospital and multidrug resistance is observed.Therefore,cultures of blood specimen should be timely submitted in order to guiding the rational antimicrobial application in clinic.

Phage display technology has been developed as a powerful tool for selecting polypeptides or proteins with desired biological and physicochemical properties from huge random peptide libraries.Fragments of foreign peptides or proteins that are expressed as fused proteins displayed on the phage surface can keep their relatively independent spatial structure and biological activity,so that they can interact with their ligands to mimic selection of specific molecular epitopes,thus providing an efficient high-throughput screening system.Phage display has been used to allow rapid identification of peptide ligands for a variety of target molecules by an in vitro selection process called "panning".Phage display techniques can be widely exploited to construct tumor-associated antibody libraries,select polypeptides tumor-associated antigen,investigate antigen epitope and design vaccines and medicine,and are used especially as a tool for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor,gene therapy and tumor cell signal transduction research.Recent applications and advanced developments of phage display in cancer research are discussed in this article for the further reference to investigators.

Objective To investigate the roles of dCK Ser-74 in radiation-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.Methods Different phenotypes of dCK plasmids were transfected into MCF-7 cells by liposome transfection,including dCK-Vector,dCK-WT (wild type),dCK-S74A (non-phosphorylation) and dCK-S74E (hyper-phosphorylation).All these cells were irradiated by 0,2,4,6,8 Gy X-rays,respectively.The transcriptional and translational level of dCK were detected with real time-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Radiosensitivity was analyzed using cell counting kit (CCK-8) and colony formation assays.Monodansylcadaverine staining (MDC) and flow cytometry were used to detect autophagy and apoptosis,respectively.Results Four phenotypes of dCK cell models were established successfully.After irradiation,the cell viabilities of MCF-7 and dCK-Vector decreased significantly as compared with mock group (t =14.469 and 9.357,P ＜ 0.05),the cell viabilities of dCK-WT,dCK-S74A and dCK-S74E showed no changes (P ＞ 0.05).The total mortalities of dCK-WT and dCK-S74E decreased significantly as compared with dCK-Vector (x2 =3.857-3.971,P ＜ 0.05),but no changes in dCK-S74A cells (P ＞0.05).The apoptosis rates in dCK-S74A,dCK-Vector and control group were up-regulated after irradiation (t =-4.531,-3.688 and-7.076,P ＜ 0.05),and the irradiation-induced apoptosis was reversed in dCK-WT and dCK-S74E (66％ and 68％ of the increase level in dCK-Vector group).The autophagy in dCK-WT and dCK-S74E increased by 22％ and 26％ (t =-9.051 and-8.411,P ＜0.01),but no changes were observed in dCK-S74A,dCK-Vector and control groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The dCK-WT and dCK-S74E could reverse the irradiation-induced apoptosis,increase the autophagy occurence,and decrease the total mortality,indicating that the phosphorylation of dCK at Ser-74 sites is related to the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells.