Objective To test plasma insulin‐like growth factor 1(IGF‐1) level in type 2 diabetic patients with malignant tumor , and make comparison with diabetic patients and normal patients .To discuss the significance of detection of plasma IGF‐1 level in type 2 diabetes in screening early malignant tumor .Methods Plasma IGF‐1 level were determined in type 2 diabetes among malig‐nant tumor group ,type 2 diabetes ,and normal control group ,and statistical comparison was made between the three groups .Results the plasma levels of IGF‐1 of type 2 diabetes mellitus ,type 2 diabetes mellitus with malignant tumor were significantly lower than normal group(P<0 .05) .And the plasma level of IGF‐1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus with malignant tumor group was obviously high‐er than that of type 2 diabetic group(P<0 .05) .Plasma IGF‐1 ,FBG ,HbA1c and 2 HBG level are risk factors for tumor .The level of FIns is a protective factor for tumor .Conclusion Type 2 diabetes is closely related to the malignant tumor ,and the plasma levels of IGF‐1 is a risk factor for tumor .

Objective To investigate the differences between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound findings in isolated ventricular septal defects.Methods Totally 244 cases of isolated ventricular septal defect were retrospectively analyzed and followed in one year after birth.All fetus were divided into the correct group and the error group according to the postnatal results.The size and type of ventricular septal defect and ventricular shunt were assessed and analyzed statistically.Results In all of the 244 cases,correct group included 181 cases and error group included 63 cases.There was no significant difference in the type of defects between two groups (P=0.061);there were significant differences in the size of postpartum defect and the velocity of ventricular shunt between the two groups (both P＜0.05),and no significant difference of the direction of shunt between two groups (P=0.408);there were significant differences in the size of defects between the prenatal and postnatal in correct groups (P＜0.05),but the direction of shunt had no significant difference (P=0.087).Conclusion There is certain detection rate in prenatal diagnosis of isolated ventricular septal defect;anatomical characteristics of defect may affect antenatal examination results.There was significant difference between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound in the same lesion.

This study aimed to investigate the drug susceptibility of wild-type and mutant avian influenza A (H7N9) virus neuraminidase (NA) to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Codon optimized DNA of H7N9 (A/ Hangzhou/1/2013) NA was synthesized and constructed into the pcDNA3.1/His vector (NA(H7N9-WT)). Mutant NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) plasmids were constructed by directed mutagenesis PCR using NA(H7N9-WT) plasmid as the template followed by sequencing. NA plasmids were transfected into 293T cells and cell lysates containing NAs were collected 48 h post-transfection. Wild-type and mutant NAs were analyzed by Western blotting and their activities were tested by the 4-MUNANA-based assay. All three NAs were expressed and enzymatic activities were confirmed. The effects of oseltamivir and zanamivir on all three NAs were then tested. It showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of oseltamivir carboxylate on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.6 nM, 15.1 nM, and > 1 000 nM with fold changes of 9 and > 625, respectively. The IC50 values of zanamivir on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y), and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.1 nM, 1.4 nM, and 38.0 nM with fold changes of 1.3 and 34, respectively. These results indicated that oseltamivir and zanamivir could significantly inhibit NA(H7N9-WT). NA(H7N9-R292K) showed high-level resistance to both drugs (34-fold and 625-fold) and NA(H7N9-H274Y) was sensitive to both (1.3-fold and 9-fold). These results indicated that both oseltamivir and zanamivir could be used for patients infected with the H7N9 virus. However, when patients carried the H7N9 virus with a NA R292K mutation, other medications would be preferred over oseltamivir or zanamivir.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oseltamivir ; pharmacology ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Zanamivir ; pharmacology

At present, the research regarding repair of spinal cord mainly focuses on tissue engineering. Neural tissue engineering materials provide three-dimensional template for tissue regeneration and also environment for synthesis of extracellular matrix. This paper summarizes the types of nerve transplant materials and the research progress in application for treatment of spinal cord injury, so as to provide theoretical evidence for repair of spinal cord injury. But some problems exist in application of nerve cell scaffold materials for repair of spinal cord injury: poor mechanical properties lead to slow degradation speed, causing difficulties in tissue reconstruction with respect to velocity and in subsequent reconstruction of porous three-dimensional scaffold. In recent years, novel biomaterials with specific repair function have been made by the engineering method through combining the biological molecule with specific signal identification function and available materials, which is an advanced projeot in the current field of biomaterials.

Objective To discuss the optimal imaging conditions of spatio-temporal image correlatin (STIC). Methods Conventional 2D fetal echocardiography and 3D STIC volume collection were performed in 130 fetuses. The images obtained using two methods were scored and compared. Results Complete 3D volume collection with the initial view of four chamber view were abtained in 121 fetuses, the successful rate was 93.13%. There was no significant differences in total score between the two methods. Significant difference was found between the score of different condition groups.The highest scores mostly appeared in lateral four chamber heart in both method groups. The highest scores mostly appeared in 25-29 gestational weeks with 2D ultrasound, while 20-24 gestational weeks with 3D ultrasound, scores in long axis views of vessels were statistically different. Conclusion STIC has advantages over conventional ultrasonography, but needs conditions control and analysis skills.

Objective To explore the mechanism of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) via observing the change of mitochondria in IUGR placenta. Methods Placenta samples were collected from 30 singleton pregnancies at the time of elec-tive caesarean section. Fifteen of them were appropriate for gestational age and 15 were IUGR. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, DNA copies were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and membrane potential was assayed by lfow cytometry. Results Signiifcant morphological changes of placental mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscopy in IUGR, mitochondrial DNA copies in IUGR placenta were signiifcantly increased (P<0.01) and membrane potential decreased dramatically (P<0.01). Conclusions It is suggest that impaired mitochondrial function in IUGR may involve in IUGR pathogenesis.

Objective To screen 18 endophytes from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord for molluscicidal effect and identify them by morphology. Methods Molluscicidal tests were performed according to the immersion test suggested by WHO and the strain screened was identified by the slide culture. Results The mortality rates of snails immersed by JJ18 broth salified (pH=7) were 26.7%, 76.7% and 100.0% for 24,48 h and 72 h, respectively, and 53.3% and 86.7% in 5% and 10% concentrations of JJ18 broth, respectively. The active components were extracellular moiety of the broth which had no acute toxicity to fish, and JJ18 strain belonged to Aspergillus. Conclusion Extracellular moiety of endophyte JJ18 from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord is a new resource of molluscicide.

Objective To evaluate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates with diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and to explore the value and limitation of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) compared with conventional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods Conventional magnetic resonance T 1-weighted imaging (T 1WI) and DWI (b=700 s/mm2) were performed in 36 neonates with HIE ( average age, 8.44 days; range, 3 hours to 22 days ), and the cortex and subcortical white matter, deep white matter, basal ganglia and thalamus, cerebral ventricle, and extra-cerebral interspace etc were observed.Results Signal abnormalities were shown on DWI with hypoxic-ischemic insults, which included diffuse brain damage (19.4%, 7/36): extensive high signals in the regional cortex, subcortical and deep white matter; localized brain damage: high signals along lateral ventricular wall and triangular part (27.8%, 10/36 ), and punctate high signals in the frontal deep white matter (5.6%, 2/36).On T 1WI, the incidence of the corresponding changes were 16.7% (6/36), 36.1% (13/36), and 30.6%(11/36), respectively.Hemorrhagic lesions demonstrated high signals on T 1WI and no signals on DWI.Conclusion DWI was applicable for acute HIE, and T 1WI was suitable for subacute and chronic HIE.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of external hydrocephalus in infancy with MR imaging,and to explore the cause of accumulation of extracerebral fluid and the relation with brain development.Methods Conventional magnetic resonance T_1 weighted imaging(T_1WI) and T_2 weighted imaging(T_2WI) were performed in 46 infants aged 2 years or younger with external hydrocephalus(EH),and the results were analyzed.They were divided into 7 age groups.The width of extracerabral space was measured on T_2WI and compared with normal standard.Results EH mainly resulted from infection,subdural hematoma or subarachnoid hemorrhage,HIE,which were 67.4%(31/46 cases) of the cases;EH with unknown cause were 26.1%(12/46 cases).EH was mainly located at the foreside of cerebral convexity,of which 80.4%(37/46 cases)was predominantly in the subarachnoid space,8.7%(4/46 cases) in subdural space,10.9% was subdural coexisted with subarachnoid collection.Duramater and piamater were high signal on T_1WI or T_2WI in purulent meningitis,and subdural or coexisted with subarachnoid collection often occurred.In subdural and(or) subarachnoid hematoma,subdural collection commonly coexisted with subarachnoid collection,and the cerebral cortical veins were often seen thickened diameter,stasis and hemorrhage with high signals on T_1WI.HIE caused subarachnoid collection,63.6%(7/11 cases) of which were concurred with delayed myelination.EH with unknown cause often appeared bilateral symmetrical subarachnoid collection.Enlargement of ventricular size were predominantly seen in HIE,subdural hematoma or subarachnoid hemorrhage.Conclusion EH often had definite etiological factor,which were mainly hemorrhage,infection and HIE.The location was associated with brain development.MR imaging was useful for judging reason and ascertaining character of EH.

ObjectiveTo investigate the test-retest reliability about the lower extremities static joint position sense which was tested with the Tetrax balance-test-training system, and the dynamic joint position sense which was tested with the Functional Squat System; and to investigate the relationship between the static and the dynamic joint position sense of lower extremities of the patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods30 patients with knee osteoarthritis were tested with the lower extremities static and dynamic joint position sense twice within 7 d with the Tetrax balance-test-training system and the Functional Squat System. ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the sum of the coefficient of medium-to-high-frequency in postural sway was 0.95 (P<0.001). The ICC of the reposition accuracy error mean of the unaffected/mild or affected/severe extremity were respectively 0.59 and 0.60 (P<0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficients of the sum of the coefficient of medium-to-high-frequency in postural sway and the reposition accuracy error mean of the unaffected/mild or affected/severe extremity were respectively 0.40 and 0.54 (P<0.05). ConclusionThe lower extremities static joint position sense test of the Tetrax balance-test-training system is well reliable, as well as the dynamic joint position sense of the Functional Squat System. They can be used together to evaluate the lower extremities proprioception in the patients with knee osteoarthritis.