AIM: This study aimed at elucidated the possibility that prevent tissue from secondary injury by regulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) apoptosis in vitro . METHODS:Neutrophils, isolated from peripheral blood, were incubated with sodium arsenite (Ars), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?), interleukin-6 (IL-6), burned serum and traumatic serum, respectively. Apoptosis rate, expression of CD11b, respiratory burst and concentration of Ca 2+ were then measured. RESULTS:The elevation of PMN apoptosis rate was Ars concentration dependent, but activated PMN became insensitive to Ars. IL-6 delayed PMN apoptosis (compared with control at 24 h, P

Objective　The effects of nitric oxide(NO) on the endotoxin-induced tissue damage,especially intestinal injury and bacterial translocation are still poorly known, although its involvement in vasodilatation and hypotenion in shock is much clear. So, the intestinal damage and bacterial translocation were observed in this study in endotoxemic rats after treatment with Nω-nitro-L-arginine(LNNA),the special inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS),and L-arginine,the substrate of NOS.Methods　The endotoxemia was conducted with administration of lipopolysaccharide(O111B4,10mg/kg,i.p.),animals were treated with LNNA(4mg/kg,i.p.)or L-arg(40mg/kg,i.p.).Intestinal molondialdehyde(MDA) content and Diamine oxidase(DAO) activity were determined,and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured.Results　The results showed that endotoxin decreased intestinal DAO acitivity but increased MDA content and incidence of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes.These effects of endotoxin were aggregated by inhibition of NO production with LNNA, but attenuated by L-arg.Conclusion　We concluded that inhibition of NO formation might enhance endotoxin-induced intestinal damage and bacterial translocation,which suggested that NO might play a protective role in this endotoxemia model.

Objective To investigate the effects of limited resuscitation on hepatic ischernia-reperfusion in-jury in rots with hemorrhagic shock. Method Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock was induced in 54 rats by transect-ing the middle branch of the splenic artery to produce standardized massive splenic injury. Resuscitation started when the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 40 mmHg. The rats were randomly divided (n = 9per group) in-to sham-operated group (SS), or one of five treatment groups in which infusion of Ringer' s solution was continually administrated to maintain MAP at 40 (RS40), 50 (RS50), 60 (RS60), 80 (RS80) or 100 mmHg (RS100) for 45 minutes (T45 point). After the bleeding was controlled, resuscitation was continued with Ringer's solution and whole blood (2:1) to increase the MAP to 100 mmHg for 120 minutes (T165 point), which was followed by obser-vation for 240 minutes (T405 point). All animals were observed for 240 minutes or until death. Blood specimens were collected at TO, T45, T165 and T405 for determination of blood lactate levels. At the end of the experiment,a small amount of hepatic tissue was collected to measure tissue blood perfusion, total antioxidative capacity (TAOC), Na+K+ ATPase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results At T405, the blood lactate lev-els in the RS80 and RS100 groups [(3.60±0.68) and (3.84 ± 1.09) mmol/L, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the SS, RS40, RS50 and RS60 groups [(2.00±0.66),(2.74±1.45),(2.43 +0.94) and (2.07±0.95) mmol/L, respectively;all:P < 0.05]. The MDA levels were significantly higher in the RS80 and RS100[(7.32±0.31) and (7.71±0.23) nmol/mg,respectively] than those in the SS, RS40, RS50 and RS60 groups[(4.95±0.80),(6.14±0.94),(6.42±0.48) and (6.84±0.36) nmol/mg, respeetively;all: P <0.05]. The Na+ K+ ATPase and TAOC levels were significantly lower in all of the RS groups than those in the SS group (all: P < 0.05), and those in the RS80 and RS100 groups was significantly lower than those in the RS40,RS50 and RS60 groups (all: P <0.05). Blood perfusion in the RS80 and RS100 groups was significantly lower than that in the other groups (all: P < 0.05). Conclusions If hemorrhage is uncontrolled, limited resuscitation appears to balance the needs for organ perfusion, improve the microcircttlation and decrease lactate levels. Fur-thermore, limited resuscitation could decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver tissue.

Objective To study the bio-safety of a multifunctional dressing based on isobutyl-chitosan,a derivative of chitosan.Methods To investigate the local irritation of the multifunctional dressing by skin,subcutaneous and eye application,determine its sensitization by patch test and observe its systemic acute toxicity by abdominal injection.Results The isobutyl-chitosan multifunctional dressing had no irritation,sensitization and systemic acute toxicity.Conclusion The isobutyl-chitosan multifunctional dressing has a good bio-safety as a wound dressing.

Stem cells use asymmetric and symmetric cell division to generate progeny. Symmetric cell division is defined as the generation of daughter cells that are destined to acquire the same fate. Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate one daughter with a stem-cell fate and one daughter with different fate. Disruption of the machinery that regulates asymmetric division may be a reason for the generation of cancer. The asymmetric mechanism is maintained by cell polarity factors, cell fate determinants, and the spindle apparatus. The mutation or dysregulation of these factors may change stem cells from asymmetric to symmetric cell division, then leading to tumorigenesis. Therefore, further study is needed on the mechanisms of stem cell control between asymmetric and symmetric cell division, as well as the relationships among stem cells, cancer stem cells, and tumor cells. It may bring us a new approach for the resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of tumors.
Animals ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cell Polarity ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Drosophila ; cytology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Spindle Apparatus ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the effect of SvO2-guided early goal directed fluid therapy on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics in septic shock pig model. Methods Twelve Bama miniature pigs (male, 21-24 kg) were equally randomized into 2 groups, group C and group G. Septic shock was induced by intravenous infusion endotoxin. Group C received hemodynamic support aiming central venous pressure at 8 to 12 mmHg, urinary output 0.5 mL/kg per hour, and mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mmHg. Group G maintained SvO2 greater than 0.65 in addition to the above indicators. The interventions lasted 6 h and at T0-T8 (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min) recorded temperature, hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics indexes for each group, and recorded 6 hours for accumulated liquid volume, vascular active drug, and changes of urine. Results There were no significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) at each time point between group G and group C ( P>0.05). Values of CI and CVP were increased at T4-T8 in group G (P<0.05). Values of MPAP and PVRI were decreased at T8 in group G (P<0.05). Values of SvO2 were increased at T3-T8, O2ER were decreased at T3-T8 (P<0.05), DO2 were increased at T4-T8 (P<0.05), Lac were decreased at T5-T8, andΔp(CO2) was decreased at T8 in group G (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in values of VO2 at T1-T8 between two groups (P>0.05). The amount of intravenous infusion and urine volume were more and the amount of norepinephrine was less in animals of group G (P<0.05). The dosage of dobutamine was more in animals of group G, and which was not used in animals of group C. Conclusion SvO2 guided fluid therapy is more effective than conventional treatment to stabilize hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics, which is characterized by the increased cardiac output, increased oxygen supply, normal oxygen uptake rate and good tissue perfusion.

Objective:To construct a risk prediction and column chart model for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with nephrotic syndrome and provide reference for VTE prevention.Methods:To use the retrospective cohort study design, the nephrotic syndrome patients who were hospitalized in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects by convenient sampling method. Using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to analyze the risk factors for VTE in patients with nephrotic syndrome, establish a risk prediction model, and draw a column chart. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) working curve and Hosmer Lemeshow test were used to verify the predictive performance of the model.Results:Among the 279 collected patients,187 males and 92 females, aged (54.25 ± 16.29) years, 43 cases developed thrombosis, with an incidence rate of 15.4%. The results of univariate analysis showed that different genders, ages, activity ability, alcohol consumption history, use of diuretics, albumin, hematocrit, fibrinolytic products, activated partial thromboplastin, D-dimer quantification and glomerular filtration rate showed differences in the occurrence of VTE in patients with nephrotic syndrome ( χ2=4.22, 4.62, 12.30, Z values were -5.73 to 6.07, t=-2.07,all P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, whether diuretics were used, activated partial thromboplastin, D-dimer and glomerular filtration rate were independent influencing factors for VTE ( OR values were 0.913- 3.285, all P<0.05). The above factors were five independent variables to construct a column chart. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.810, and the maximum value of the Jordan index was 0.518, the sensitivity was 66.67% and the specificity was 85.15%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the model fit well ( χ2=12.00, P=0.151). Conclusions:The constructed column chart can personalized predict the risk of thrombosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome and help nursing staff in quickly identifying high-risk patients for thrombosis and taking corresponding intervention measures in a timely manner.

Objective ToevaluateimagequalityoflowerextremityCTAoflowradiationdoseandlowcontrastmediumprotocol withsinogram-affirmediterativereconstruction(SAFIRE).Methods Thisstudyincluded116patientswhoreferredtolowerextremityCT angiographyusinga128-sliceCTscanner.Accordingtovoltageandcontrastmediumconcentration,patientsweredividedintofour groups:100kV+350mgI/mL,100kV+320mgI/mL,100kV+300mgI/mL,80kV+CarekV+300mgI/mL.Imagereconstructionunderwent conventionalfilteredback-projection (FBP)andSAFIREtechniqueineachprotocoltocompareSNR,CNRofarterialimages.Results Comparisonoftwosubgroupsinthesamegroup,SAFIREhadsignificantlyhigherimagequalitythanFBP.Comparisonamong groupsshowed:imagequalityinlowcontrastmediumandlowradiationdoseSAFIREgroupcouldreachsimilarorbetterthanthatin higherdoseFBPgroup.SAFIREcouldreduceimagenoiseandimproveimageSNRandCNR.Conclusion InlowerextremityCTA, 80kV+CarekV,300mgI/mLcontrastmediumwithSAFIREexamineprotocolcouldreducecontrastmediumconcentrationandradiationdose withnocompromiseddiagnosticdemand.

BACKGROUNDPolymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), one of the most important inflammatory cells, functions throughout the initiation, progression and resolution of inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between PMN apoptosis and the lung injury after chest impact trauma.

METHODSPMNs were purified from rabbits subjected to the chest impact trauma and their apoptosis, necrosis, survival and respiratory burst were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, lactate dehydrogenase and (LDH) [Ca2+]i were measured.

RESULTSThe delayed apoptosis of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed from 2 hours to 12 hours after trauma, and viable cells increased. Respiratory burst of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased significantly from 2 hours with the peak at 8 hours. Meanwhile, lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher than that in control (P < 0.05) from 4 hours to 24 hours, and intracellular free Ca2+ in PMN was increased temporarily.

CONCLUSIONSRetention of PMN in tissues and the abnormality in apoptotic pathway inevitably generate persistent activation of PMN and excessive release of toxic substances, resulting in tissue injury. The temporary increase of intracellular free Ca2+ may be responsible for the delayed apoptosis of PMN.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Lung Injury ; Neutrophils ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Respiratory Burst ; physiology ; Thoracic Injuries ; complications

BACKGROUNDAt the end of 2005, 650,000 people lived with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in China, of whom 75 000 were AIDS patients. Many AIDS patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) supported by the "China CARES" program but the immune responses of HAART were seldom reported. This study investigated the effect of HAART on the activation and coreceptor expression of T lymphocytes in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients and evaluated its effect on immune reconstitution.

METHODSSeventeen HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled and three-color-flow cytometry was used to detect the activation of HLA-DR CD38 and the coreceptor CCR5, CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes in whole blood samples taken from the patients before and after 3- or 6-month HAART.

RESULTSThe activation percents of CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes were significantly higher before therapy than the normal controls (HLA-DR/CD4: 40.47 +/- 18.85 vs 11.54 +/- 4.10; CD38/CD4: 81.34 +/- 10.86 vs 53.34 +/- 11.44; HLA-DR/CD8: 63.94 +/- 12.71 vs 25.67 +/- 9.18; CD38/CD8: 86.56 +/- 11.41 vs 58.84 +/- 6.16, all P < 0.01). After 6-month combined antiretroviral treatment, the activation of T lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly decreased (HLA-DR/CD4: 28.31 +/- 13.48; CD38/CD4: 69.88 +/- 12.64; HLA-DR/CD8: 46.56 +/- 18.64; CD38/CD8: 70.17 +/- 14.54, all P < 0.01 compared with the pre-treatment values). Before the treatment, CCR5 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes was up-regulated while CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes downregulated in HIV/AIDS patients compared with the normal controls (CD8/CCR5: 70.91 +/- 10.03 vs 52.70 +/- 7.68; CD8/CXCR4: 24.14 +/- 11.08 vs 50.05 +/- 11.68, all P < 0.01). After 6-month HAART, CCR5 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes significantly decreased (56.35 +/- 12.96, P < 0.01), while CXCR4 expression on CD8(+) T lymphocytes increased (36.95 +/- 9.96, P < 0.05) compared with the pre-treatment and the normal controls. A significant statistical relationship was observed between the expression of activation markers, CCR5 and the CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts after HAART (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSReduced activation of T lymphocytes and a normalization of coreceptor expression were observed in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients after HAART. Immunity can be restored in HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Chemokine ; analysis ; drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology