OBJECT: Risperidone, unlike other atypical antipsychotics, is thought to elevate prolactin levels. This paper examines the relationship of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia and the sexual dysfunctions of the patients in the real clinical practice. METHODS: Forty nine patients (male 22, female 27) with 6 month-over risperidone medication were assigned and serum prolactin was assayed in serum by radioimmunometric assay. In the distinction of sex, six adverse events possibly associated with increased prolactin levels were determined by interviewing the patients (poor erection, ejaculatory dysfunction, galactorrhea, decreased libido, orgasmic dysfunction and obesity in male;amenorrhea, vaginal dryness, galactorrhea, decreased libido, orgasmic dysfunction and obesity in female). RESULTS: In 49 patients, thirty six patients (male 15;56%, female 21;95%) showed hyperprolactinemia and twenty two patients (male 13;48%, female 8;36%) had sexual side-effects. Both risperidone dosage per day and duration were not correlated with prolactin levels and adverse events. There was no significant direct correlation between serum prolactin levels and sexual adverse events. CONCLUSION: The risperidone-associated increase in serum prolactin levels was not significantly directly correlated with the emergence of possible prolactin-related adverse events in the real clinical practice. However, our results suggest that risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia may play a role in sexual dysfunction of female patients.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Female ; Galactorrhea ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia* ; Libido ; Obesity ; Orgasm ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin ; Risperidone

To determine the relationship between the oral ingestion volume of xylene and methyl hippuric acid (MHA) in urine, we measured MHA in 11 patients whose ingested xylene volume was identified. The best-fit equation between urine MHA and ingested amount of xylene was as follows: y (ingested amount of xylene, mL/kg) = −0.052x² + 0.756x (x = MHA in urine in g/g creatinine). From this equation, we estimated the ingested xylene volume in 194 patients who had ingested pesticide of which the formulation was not available. Our results demonstrated that oxadiazole, dinitroaniline, chloroacetamide, organophosphate, and pyrethroid were xylene-containing pesticide classes, while the paraquat, glyphosate, glufosinate, synthetic auxin, fungicide, neonicotinoid, and carbamate classes were xylene-free pesticides. Sub-group univariate analysis showed a significant association between MHA levels in urine and ventilator necessity in the pyrethroid group. However, this association was not observed in the organophosphate group. Our results suggest that MHA in urine is a surrogate marker for xylene ingestion, and high urine MHA levels may be a risk factor for poor clinical outcome with some pesticide poisoning.
Biomarkers ; Eating ; Humans ; Indoleacetic Acids ; Paraquat ; Pesticides ; Poisoning* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Xylenes*

A 16-yr-old girl received liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis. Aplastic anemia developed, and she received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Eleven months after liver transplantation, abdominal lymph node enlargement and colon ulcers were observed, and colon biopsy showed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Immunosuppression reduction was attempted, but it produced no therapeutic effect. Fourteen months after liver transplantation, she received a second HSCT due to engraftment failure, and PTLD resolved completely. The second HSCT can serve as cellular therapy for PTLD.
Adolescent ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/*methods ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*etiology/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Swallow syncope (also known as deglutition syncope) is a relatively rare type of syncope that is treatable if diagnosed correctly. We report a case of a 39-year-old man with recurrent swallow syncope. The patient did not have structural heart disease. He developed a complete atrioventricular block upon drinking a cold beverage (Chilsung cider) while undergoing a repeated head-up tilt test. The patient was advised to avoid cold beverages and has been symptom free for 5 months.
Adult ; Atrioventricular Block ; Beverages ; Cold Temperature ; Deglutition ; Drinking ; Eating ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Syncope