BACKGROUND: Several population- and clinic-based studies have investigated the clinical characteristics of migraine with aura in Western countries. However, migraine with aura has not been investigated in Korea or other Asian countries. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of migraine with aura in Korea. METHODS: We consecutively recruited patients with migraine from 2010 to 2014 in the Eulji Headache Clinic. Migraines with and without aura were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II criteria based on a clinical interview and structured questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 97 (35% males and 65% females) and 649 (12% males and 88% females) patients were diagnosed as migraines with and without aura, respectively. Visual aura was the most common type of aura (94%) among patients with migraine with aura, followed by sensory aura (6%) and then speech aura, retinal aura, and brainstem aura (each 3%). The most frequently accompanying headache type was migraine (77%), followed by nonmigraine headache (17%), with no headache presenting in 6% of patients. Migraine without aura was the most common headache (61%) outside of migraine with aura, followed by nonmigraine headache (14%). CONCLUSIONS: Only 13% of migraineurs have aura symptoms. Nonvisual aura symptoms are rare in Korean patients with migraine with aura.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain Stem ; Classification ; Epilepsy ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Migraine Disorders* ; Migraine with Aura* ; Migraine without Aura ; Retinaldehyde

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by a nonspecific encephalopathy with high titers of serum anti-thyroid antibody in the absence of other defined causes. A 54-year-old woman was admitted due to recurrent seizures and confusion. Her serum anti-thyroid antibody level was elevated, and brain MRI showed multiple instances of vasogenic edema. Her symptoms disappeared after treatment with high-dose steroids and antiepileptic drugs. We propose that HE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple vasogenic edema on brain imaging.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures ; Steroids

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by a nonspecific encephalopathy with high titers of serum anti-thyroid antibody in the absence of other defined causes. A 54-year-old woman was admitted due to recurrent seizures and confusion. Her serum anti-thyroid antibody level was elevated, and brain MRI showed multiple instances of vasogenic edema. Her symptoms disappeared after treatment with high-dose steroids and antiepileptic drugs. We propose that HE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple vasogenic edema on brain imaging.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures ; Steroids

Ceftazidime is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with renal failure. A 56-year-old man experienced the gradual development of altered mentation after a diabetic foot ulcer was treated with ceftazidime. Rhythmic sharply contoured triphasic waves were evident in all electroencephalography leads. The clinical and electrographical seizures ceased after introducing antiepileptic drugs and discontinuing ceftazidime. This case demonstrates that altered mentality and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be caused by ceftazidime in patients with renal dysfunction.
Anticonvulsants ; Ceftazidime ; Diabetic Foot ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Ulcer

Ceftazidime is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with renal failure. A 56-year-old man experienced the gradual development of altered mentation after a diabetic foot ulcer was treated with ceftazidime. Rhythmic sharply contoured triphasic waves were evident in all electroencephalography leads. The clinical and electrographical seizures ceased after introducing antiepileptic drugs and discontinuing ceftazidime. This case demonstrates that altered mentality and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be caused by ceftazidime in patients with renal dysfunction.
Anticonvulsants ; Ceftazidime ; Diabetic Foot ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: The decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels at admission in patients with stroke have been associated with more severe clinical deficits and with worse outcomes; however, the relationship between eGFR levels and volumetric measurement of cerebral infarct size on neuroimaging has not been studied, to our knowledge. METHODS: Consecutive patients who presented within 48h of ischemic stroke and underwent brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) over a 55-month period were studied. Patients with ischemic stroke of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), small vessel occlusion (SVO), or cardioembolism (CE) etiologies were included. Those who were treated with thrombolysis and disabled before index stroke were excluded. Infarction volumes were log transformed to approximate normality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Subjects were categorized into two groups: CKD or no CKD. The relationship between CKD and DWI infarct volumes was examined using an analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Of the included 405 patients (mean age, 68 years; female, 60.2%; LAA, 60.0%; SVO, 16.5%; CE, 23.5%), 108 patients had CKD. Infarct volumes (mL, median [interquartile range]) were not significantly different between stroke patients with CKD and those without CKD in any stroke subtype (LAA, 0.77 [0.01-2.97] vs. 0.96 [0.01-5.22]; SVO, 0.18 [0.02-0.21] vs. 0.27 [0.01-0.52]; CE, 8.91 [0.04-28.54] vs. 5.22 [0.05-42.39]). Adjustment for possible confounders did not change the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Renal impairment is not associated with cerebral infarct volume among acute ischemic stroke patients.
Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Brain ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Infarction ; Neuroimaging ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Stroke*