PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the dietary habits of Korean adolescents and to investigate their effects on sleep duration. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis drawn from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (N=65,528). ANCOVA was used to determine the relationship between dietary habits and sleep duration. Ordinal logistic regression was used to find out the effects of dietary habits on sleep duration adjusted for general characteristics and behavioral characteristics. RESULTS: The group that consumed no breakfast (AOR=0.89, p < .001) had less sufficient sleep duration than those who had breakfast 7 times per week. The group that had drunk no milk (AOR=0.88, p < .001) had less sufficient sleep duration than those who enjoyed it 5 times per week. On the contrary, the groups that had no soda drinks (AOR=1.18, p=.015), caffeine drinks (AOR=1.77, p < .001), and sweet drinks (AOR=1.25, p < .001) were more likely to have sufficient sleep duration than the groups that consumed those beverages 5 times per week. CONCLUSION: It is important to educate adolescents about healthy eating habits including drinks and optimal sufficient sleep duration through a multidisciplinary approach.
Adolescent ; Beverages ; Breakfast ; Caffeine ; Diet ; Eating ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Milk ; Risk-Taking

PURPOSE: Skin graft is the gold standard surgical treatment in burn wound management. Until now, wet to dry dressing is regarded as the traditionally standard dressing for skin graft. But it needs to be changed daily, burdens the patients and medical caring team and is time consuming. The authors apply VAC to skin graft to secure the skin and compared the outcomes with previous standard dressing technique. METHODS: 38 burn patients who underwent skin graft were included in this study. Patients were selected with their consent for inclusion in an experimental group and a control group. Patients in the experimental group received a VAC appliance after split-thickness skin graft, while those in the control group received wet to dry dressing after the procedure. Time to complete epithelization, rates of skin graft taken areas, satisfaction of patients and medical caring team was evaluated. RESULTS: A shorter time to complete epithelization (12.5 days) was observed in the experimental group than in the control group (14.6 days), and a higher rates of skin graft taken areas (89%) was observed in the experimental group when compared with the control group (84.5%), A higher satisfaction of both the patients and doctors was observed in the experimental group, compared to the control group, with all statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: VAC shortens epithelization period and elevate skin graft taken rates. It also makes the patients and doctors the comfortable in burn patients. The VAC is an excellent alternative for securing skin graft.
Bandages ; Burns ; Humans ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Skin ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Skin graft is the gold standard surgical treatment in burn wound management. But it has functional and aesthetic limitations, such as burn scar contracture, low quality of the grafted skin, unnatural looking skin, loss of skin elasticity, especially in extensive deep burn wound which has tendon or bone exposed. The authors used Matriderm(R), a dermal analogue, with split-thickness skin graft simultaneously in burn wound and evaluate the effectiveness of Matriderm(R) for treatment of burn wounds, in comparison with the skin graft only. METHODS: 40 burn patients with skin graft were included in this study. Patients were selected with their consent for inclusion in an experimental group and a control group. Patients in the experimental group received a meshed Matriderm(R) appliance and a split-thickness skin graft, while those in the control group received only a split-thickness skin graft. Time to complete epithelization, rates of skin graft taken areas, Vancouver scar scale assessment, skin elasticity was evaluated. RESULTS: A better scores of Vancouver scar scale assessment (3 points) were observed in the experimental group with the control group (6 points) with statistical significance (P<0.05). A higher elasticity ratio of the affected side to the non-affected side was observed in the experimental group, compared with the control group (P<0.05), and a similar time to complete epithelization and rates of skin graft taken areas were observed in the experimental group when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Meshed Matriderm(R) enables effective healing and improves functional and aesthetic results in split thickness skin graft treatment of burn wounds.
Burns ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Tendons ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study was performed to explore the weight variations in high-risk term newborns hospitalized during the early postnatal period. METHODS: A retrospective explorative study was performed with 64 term newborns who were hospitalized in the NICU after birth. Data on daily weight, birth information, and clinical features such as phototherapy, placements, nutritional status were reviewed through medical records for 14 days of life. General Linear Model, GLM was applied to analyze the weight variation by clinical features of these high-risk term newborns for 14 days of life. RESULTS: Newborns at 40 weeks of gestation showed little weight loss during the few days after birth then steadily gained weight to 7.6% at the 14th day. Infants born at 37-39 gestation showed little weight gain for 14 days though the weight loss itself was not apparent. As well, return to birthweight was not observed in newborns with phototherapy, infants placed on a warmer or infants having gastrointestinal dysfunction for 14 days of life. CONCLUSION: Even for term newborns, physiologic weight loss may not be warranted even if newborn is born at less than 40 week of gestation, or with high-risk conditions that warrant admission to NICU.
Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Linear Models ; Medical Records ; Nutritional Status ; Parturition ; Phototherapy ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Term Birth ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the recently marketed UriDoctor analyser (DFI Co., Ltd., Korea) for urinalysis and measurement of microalbumin and creatinine in urine. METHODS: The precision within and betweenruns was evaluated using commercial control materials. The comparison evaluations were performed using patient urine samples. Urine dipstick tests for blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketones, protein, nitrite, glucose, pH, specific gravity, and leukocyte esterase were performed with UriDoctor using CYBOW10 strips (DFI Co., Ltd., Korea) and with AX4030 using Aution Sticks 10EA (Arkray Inc., Japan), and the results were compared. Additionally, tests for microalbumin and creatinine were performed with UriDoctor using CYBOW2AC strips and with the Cobas c501 system (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), and the results were compared. RESULTS: The within-run and between-run precisions for urinalysis using UriDoctor were both 100%. The concordance rates and concordance rates including +/-1 grade between UriDoctor and AX4030 were as follows: blood (90%, 100%); bilirubin (97%, 100%); urobilinogen (98%, 100%); ketones (92%, 100%); protein (83%, 100%); nitrite (100%, 100%); glucose (85.0%, 100%); pH (58%, 94%); specific gravity (32%, 80%); leukocyte esterase (89%, 93%). The concordance rates between UriDoctor and the Cobas c501 system were as follows: microalbumin (71%); creatinine (46%); albumin-creatinine ratio (65%). CONCLUSIONS: UriDoctor showed good precision. There was significant agreement between the results of UriDoctor and AX4030, except for pH and specific gravity. The albumin-creatinine ratio showed relatively low specificity and high sensitivity; therefore, it would be more suitable for screening patients. The performance of UriDoctor when used with CYBOW10 and CYBOW2AC strips was satisfactory for clinical application.
Albuminuria ; Bilirubin ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ketones ; Kidney Diseases ; Leukocytes ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Specific Gravity ; Urinalysis ; Urobilinogen

No abstract available.
Korea

The 5th year KONSAR surveillance in 2001 was based on routine test data at 30 participating hospitals. It was of particular interest to find a trend in the resistances of enterococci to vancomycin, of Enterobacteriaceae to the 3rd generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone, and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacters to carbapenem. Resistance rates of Gram-positive cocci were: 70% of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin; 88% and 16% of Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin and vancomycin, respectively. Seventy-two percent of pneumococci were nonsusceptible to penicillin. The resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae were: Escherichia coli, 28% to fluoroquinolone; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 27% to ceftazidime, and 20% to cefoxitin; and Enterobacter cloacae, > or =40% to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were 21% to ceftazidime, 17% to imipenem, and those of the acinetobacters were > or =61% to ceftazidime, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolone and cotrimoxazole. Thirty-five percent of non-typhoidal salmonellae were ampicillin resistant, and 66% of Haemophilus influenzae were -lactamase producers. Notable changes over the 1997-2001 period were: increases in vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and amikacin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant acinetobacters. With the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria, nationwide surveillance has become more important for optimal patient management, for the control of nosocomial infection, and for the conservation of the newer antimicrobial agents.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Cephalosporins/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterococcus faecium/metabolism ; Human ; Imipenem/pharmacology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolism ; Korea ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Vancomycin/*pharmacology

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea was reported in January 2020.As the secondary transmissions accelerated within the country, the government revised the outbreak alert for COVID-19 from attention to caution. Mid-February, when a massive outbreak was reported from a church in Daegu, our institution initiated testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 300 laboratory tests were performed within the first 2 months, before the number of cases began to decline. Here, we describe our experience of 4 months at the department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, located in Daegu, where a massive COVID-19 outbreak occurred.

We report on the usefulness of the ImmuKnow assay in a case of suspected acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation. A 58-year-old male with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C had undergone tumorectomy 2 months previously. Following surgery, the underlying cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy were aggravated. The patient had been listed for liver transplantation and underwent cadaveric donor liver transplantation. Approximately 11 days after discharge, the patient developed mild fever and diarrhea and was rehospitalized. A liver biopsy showed histologic features associated with cellular rejection. According to the histopathologic diagnosis, the dosage of tacrolimus was increased from 5 to 7 mg twice daily. After changing the dose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were elevated, findings not corresponding to the former diagnosis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) quantitative assay and ImmuKnow assay were performed for further evaluation. High HCV viral load and a very low ATP level detected using the ImmuKnow assay were suggestive of recurrent HCV rather than acute cellular rejection. Two weeks after reducing the immunosuppressant dosage and treating with antiviral therapy using ribavirin, the patient showed clinical improvement with a decrease in HCV viral load and a normal ATP level. Due to overlapping histologic features, acute cellular rejection can be difficult to distinguish from recurrent HCV. As in this case, the ATP level detected using the ImmuKnow assay is considered a reliable marker of cellular immune status. Immune monitoring of transplant patients may assist in making a differential diagnosis and in minimizing the adverse events of immunosuppression.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biopsy ; Cadaver ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diarrhea ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Immunologic ; Ribavirin ; Tacrolimus ; Tissue Donors ; Viral Load

Tuberculosis can occur in various organ systems and may present with diverse manifestations. We report an unusual case of mediastinal tuberculoma in a 3-month-old boy who presented to the hospital after experiencing fever, cough, and progressive pneumonia for two weeks. The chest computed tomography scan indicated a mediastinal mass suggesting lymphoma. However, histological analysis confirmed that the mass was caused by tuberculosis. The present report describes the delayed diagnosis of a disease due to an uncommon presentation. Misdiagnosing unusual cases of tuberculosis results in treatment delays and may lead to an increase in morbidity. Therefore, we suggest that tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for children presenting with a mediastinal mass, especially in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.
Child ; Cough ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Thorax ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis*