BACKGROUND: Arterial blood gas analysis are highly susceptible to preanalytic error due to improper method of obtaining or handling the blood sample before analysis. The error in measurement of blood gas analysis are loss of CO2 by exposure to atmospheric air, effect of anticoagulant itself, temperature difference between the experimental subject and the measuring electrode and metabolic change which occur between blood sampling and measurement. METHOD: To study the effect of the delay in estimation of blood gas and drawn blood on values of blood gas partial pressure and pH. Blood sample were divided into 2 groups according to the method of storage, group I stored at 24~25degrees C(room temperature) under anaerobic condition. ;group II stored at 0~4degrees C(refrigerator) under anaerobic condition. The samples were analyzed by time interval through 180 minutes in each group. RESULTS: The result were as follows: 1) PaO2 decreased significantly after 10 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 20 mins in group II. 2) PaO2 increased significantly after 20 mins in group I, whereas it increased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 3) pH decreased significantly after 60 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 4) No significant changes of bicarbonate and SaO2 were noted in each group CONCLUSION: From above results, it would be advisable to analyze the sample in a short period of time or to store in a refrigerator when the measuring will be delayed. So we highly recommend that blood gas analysis should be performed as soon as possible after sampling, especially within 10 minutes.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Electrodes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Partial Pressure

No abstract available.

Blow-out fracture is a fracture of the weadk bony orbital floor resulting from the transmission of intraorbital pressure in a blunt trauma. In this report, I analyse the clinical aspects of 27 patients who were treated with cyanoacrylate during open reduction. The leading cause was a traffic accident(17 patients, 63%). In addutuib. the inferior wall of the orbit was the most frequent site of fracture(22 patients, 81%). The interval between the onset of injury and the operatuib averaged 7.3days. The most common clinical sign helpful in diagnosing the blow-out fracture is the lid sign-ecchymosis and edema(26 patients, 96%); but, diplopia, positive forced duction test and enophthalmos were found in under 30% of the cases. The operations were done by infraciliary approach in most cases, and a silastic sheet was firmly attached to the site of fracture with cyanoacrylate. In all cases examined, there were no significant complications. In conclusion, I am convinced that the use of cyanoacrylate during the placement of silastic sheet for the treatment of blow-out fracture makes a firm adhesion, prevents reherniation of tissue and protrusion of the implant and also reduces complications.
Cyanoacrylates* ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures*

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic*

Conjunctivochalasis is an isolated bilateral condition in which redundant conjunctival tissue overlies the lower eyelid margin or covers the lower pmctum. It produces tearing by mechanical obstruction of the lower punctum and/or mechanical disruption of normal outflow of the lacrimal film. A modified surgical technique, simple local excision of redundant conjuctiva in the crescent shape along the plica semilunaris and the lower bulbar conjunctiva between limbus and lower fornix, relieved epiphora in two male patients with redundant conjunctiva near the lower punctum. Surgery was done under the local anesthesia without postoperattve complications. Authers emphasize the importance of careful examination of conjunctivochalasis during ocular examination of patient complaining tearing.
Anesthesia, Local ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Male

We reviewed the medical records of 201 patients who were admitted between January 1980 and March 1992 with a diagnosis of traumatic hyphema to define risk factors associated with the development of rebleeding. Rebleeding occurred in 18 patients (9.0%), and took place on day 1 to 6 after injury with a maximum occurrence on day 2. A group of 32 patients who were examined more than 24 hours after injury were found to have a rebleeding rate of 18.8% (six of 32 patients). It was higher than the rebleeding rate (6.8%) in patients examined within 24 hours. When the amount of blood is more than 1/3 of anterior chamber at the time of initial examination, rebleeding was shown to occur more frequently. Children had a rebleeding rate similar to adults, and males showed approximately the same rate of rebleeding compared to females. This review suggests that patients examined more than 24 hours after injury and injured severely represent unique population that deserves special consideration.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyphema* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Risk Factors*

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown cause characterized by widespread occurence of epithelioic cell. The authors experienced a case of sarcoidosis in 34-year-old female who has lacrimal gland enlargement, severe subcutaneous nodules and bilateral granulomatous uveitis. Histopathologic examination of the subcutaneous nodule of lid revealed sarcoidosis. In the course of corticosteroid therapy, subcutaneous nodules and enlarged lacrimal gland subsided gradually.
Adult ; Female ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Sarcoidosis* ; Uveitis*

PURPOSE: We experienced two cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK procedure. This is the first published report, so we report this with literature review. METHODS: A 40-year-old female who had undergone LASIK procedure a month before complained sudden drop in vision and on fundus examination, retinal detachment with two retinal tears was detected. And 22-year-old male who had LASIK procedure 30 months before complained sudden drop in vision and on fundus examination, retinal detachment with three retinal holes was detected. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved with vitrectomy in the first case and scleral buckling using silicone sponge in the second case and the retina remained reattached during follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of retinal pathology predisposing to retinal detachment in patient undergoing LASIK.
Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Male ; Pathology ; Porifera ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicones ; Vitrectomy ; Young Adult

A patient had total occlusion of the left main coronary artery that was proved by coronary arteriography. Patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery have a varying clinical presentation and may have prolonged survival. In patients with good collaterals, left ventricular function may be preserved. This report reveiws the clinical and angiographic findings of a patient with occlusion of the left main coronary artery with symptoms of unstable angina pectoris but without congestive heart failure or EKG evidence of myocardial infarction.
Angina, Unstable ; Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Ventricular Function, Left

PURPOSE: To identify a subtype of cone photoreceptor in the mammalian retina using enzyme histochemical method. METHODS: In human, rabbits and cats, identification of cone photoreceptor was tried with carbonic anhydrase after retinal tissue isolation and section. RESULTS: In human, subtype of cone photoreceptor was identified. In rabbits, one type of carbonic anhydrase negative regular cell was detected and suspected as rod cells. In cats, only blue cone cell and rod cell were detected and no red-green cone cell was detected. CONCLUSIONS: In cats and rabbits, identification of red-green cone cell and blue cone cell was difficult. So, enzyme histochemical identification of cone photoreceptor using carbonic anhydrase need more research to imply in mammalian retina.
Animals ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Cats ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells* ; Retinaldehyde