BACKGROUND: Arterial blood gas analysis are highly susceptible to preanalytic error due to improper method of obtaining or handling the blood sample before analysis. The error in measurement of blood gas analysis are loss of CO2 by exposure to atmospheric air, effect of anticoagulant itself, temperature difference between the experimental subject and the measuring electrode and metabolic change which occur between blood sampling and measurement. METHOD: To study the effect of the delay in estimation of blood gas and drawn blood on values of blood gas partial pressure and pH. Blood sample were divided into 2 groups according to the method of storage, group I stored at 24~25degrees C(room temperature) under anaerobic condition. ;group II stored at 0~4degrees C(refrigerator) under anaerobic condition. The samples were analyzed by time interval through 180 minutes in each group. RESULTS: The result were as follows: 1) PaO2 decreased significantly after 10 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 20 mins in group II. 2) PaO2 increased significantly after 20 mins in group I, whereas it increased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 3) pH decreased significantly after 60 mins in group I, whereas it decreased significantly after 120 mins in group II. 4) No significant changes of bicarbonate and SaO2 were noted in each group CONCLUSION: From above results, it would be advisable to analyze the sample in a short period of time or to store in a refrigerator when the measuring will be delayed. So we highly recommend that blood gas analysis should be performed as soon as possible after sampling, especially within 10 minutes.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Electrodes ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Partial Pressure

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To identify a subtype of cone photoreceptor in the mammalian retina using enzyme histochemical method. METHODS: In human, rabbits and cats, identification of cone photoreceptor was tried with carbonic anhydrase after retinal tissue isolation and section. RESULTS: In human, subtype of cone photoreceptor was identified. In rabbits, one type of carbonic anhydrase negative regular cell was detected and suspected as rod cells. In cats, only blue cone cell and rod cell were detected and no red-green cone cell was detected. CONCLUSIONS: In cats and rabbits, identification of red-green cone cell and blue cone cell was difficult. So, enzyme histochemical identification of cone photoreceptor using carbonic anhydrase need more research to imply in mammalian retina.
Animals ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Cats ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells* ; Retinaldehyde

A patient had total occlusion of the left main coronary artery that was proved by coronary arteriography. Patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery have a varying clinical presentation and may have prolonged survival. In patients with good collaterals, left ventricular function may be preserved. This report reveiws the clinical and angiographic findings of a patient with occlusion of the left main coronary artery with symptoms of unstable angina pectoris but without congestive heart failure or EKG evidence of myocardial infarction.
Angina, Unstable ; Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Ventricular Function, Left

PURPOSE: We experienced two cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK procedure. This is the first published report, so we report this with literature review. METHODS: A 40-year-old female who had undergone LASIK procedure a month before complained sudden drop in vision and on fundus examination, retinal detachment with two retinal tears was detected. And 22-year-old male who had LASIK procedure 30 months before complained sudden drop in vision and on fundus examination, retinal detachment with three retinal holes was detected. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved with vitrectomy in the first case and scleral buckling using silicone sponge in the second case and the retina remained reattached during follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of retinal pathology predisposing to retinal detachment in patient undergoing LASIK.
Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Male ; Pathology ; Porifera ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicones ; Vitrectomy ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The histiogenesis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, has been investigated from the early times. But in spite of this effort, its origin has been controversial. This study was performed to investigated the cell of origin for retinoblastoma using enzyme histomchemistry for carbonic anhydrase. METHODS: We obtained enucleated eye that was diagnosed as retinoblastoma and its section was stained for hematoxylin-eosin for diagnosis of retinoblastoma. We used enzyme histomchemistry for carbonic anhydrase distinguishing Muller's cells, red-and green-sensistive cones from neuro-retinal cells. RESULTS: They were disagnosed as relatively well-differentiated retinoblastoma by hematoxylin-eosin staining and composed of tumor cells with numerous rosette. Neither numeric nor morphologic changes of Muller cells that are suspected of malignant features in enzyme histochemistry for carbonic anhydrase was found. CONCLUSIONS: The cells of retinoblastoma were originated from the two layers, inner nuclear and ganglion cell layer. The enzyme histochemistry for carbonic anhydrase is the one of the useful methods to investigate the origin of retinoblastoma although more cases is needed to assess.
Carbonic Anhydrase I ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Diagnosis ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Ganglion Cysts ; Retinoblastoma*

Over the past 30 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of multifetal pregna-ncies, primarily because of the introduction of ovarian stimulants for ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) in infertile patients. It is well established that multifetal pregnancies are associated with an increased frequency of the maternal complications and gre-ater perinatal morbidity and mortyality. The adverse outcome of multifetal pregnancies is dire-ctly proportional to the number of fetuses, primarily as an consequence of prterm delivery. Re-duction in the number of fetuses in multifetal pregnancies has been proposed as a way to impr-ove the perinatal outcome in this situation. Therefore, selective fetal reduction ( SFR ) is sugges-ted as a therapeutic option for continuation of pregnancy with fetuses mature enough to survi-ve. In this paper, we report our infertility clinic experiences with 6 patients who carried mult- ifetal pregnancies including 1 quintuplet, 1 quadruplet, and 4 triplets. from January, 1991 to May, 1996, transabdominal SFR was accomplished by fetal intrathoracic KCl injection at 9~10 weeks of gestation. After the prcedure, 4 patients remained as twin pregnancies, and 2 patients as single pregnancy. There have been 3 sets of twin deliveries and the 2 sets of single delivery. One case was aborted. Two patients were delivered after 37 weeks of gestation, 2 patients were at 35 weeks, and 1 patient at 24 weeks. All babies have been healthy after birth in patients after 35 weeks gestation. There was no fetal anomaly related to the procedure in the 6 cases. We concluded that transabdominal SFR is a rather safe and useful procedure that may improve the outcome of multifetal pregnancies.
Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Ovulation Induction ; Parturition ; Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Quadruplets ; Quintuplets ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Triplets ; Twins

Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme catalysing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, is present in the Muller cells.Because the enzyme is not present in other uroretinal cells in the retina, it can be used as a marker for Muller cells.Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated bnzymehistochemically in human and rabbit Muller cells to know a relation of metabolic functions and carbonic anhydrase activity.Human retinas were obtained from donor eyes.The eyes were enucleated immediately after death forenzymatic activity. In human retina, heavy staining was found in the inner nuclear layer and nerve fiber layer, moderate staining in the outer nuclear layer and weak or no staining in the plexiform layers.In rabbit retina, heavy staining was found in the nerve fiber layer and nuclear layers and weak reaction in the two plexiform layers. These findings suggest that Muller cells may participate in CO2 homeostasis mechanism of carbonic anhydrase in the retina.
Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon* ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Nerve Fibers ; Retina ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic*

Conjunctivochalasis is an isolated bilateral condition in which redundant conjunctival tissue overlies the lower eyelid margin or covers the lower pmctum. It produces tearing by mechanical obstruction of the lower punctum and/or mechanical disruption of normal outflow of the lacrimal film. A modified surgical technique, simple local excision of redundant conjuctiva in the crescent shape along the plica semilunaris and the lower bulbar conjunctiva between limbus and lower fornix, relieved epiphora in two male patients with redundant conjunctiva near the lower punctum. Surgery was done under the local anesthesia without postoperattve complications. Authers emphasize the importance of careful examination of conjunctivochalasis during ocular examination of patient complaining tearing.
Anesthesia, Local ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Male