No abstract available.
Anthrax*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis* ; Zygapophyseal Joint*

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

The results of surgical treatment for isthmic spondylolisthesis in children and adolescent have been well documented. Successful clinical results with fusion can be expected in children and adolescent. But in adults, instability was not the only problem. In addition to their instability, adults were more likely to have degenerative disc changes and nerve compression not solved by fusion only. The role of decompression in the surgical treatment of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis remains controversial. Anterior interbody fusion could obtain indirect decompression of nerve root through widening of intervertebral space. Posterolateral fusion with transpedicular fixation could get direct decompression. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the clinical results of the anterior interbody fusion and the posterolateral fusion with transpedicular fixation for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. We reviewed the clinical data of 40 adult patients who had been taken operation due to isthmic spondylolisthesis from June, 1977 to June, 1994. The anterior interbody fusion was performed in 20 patients (Group I) and the posterolateral fusion with transpedicular fixation was performed in 20 patients (Group II). The mean age of group I was 44.1 years old (21-62), and that of group II was 41.3 years old (21-57). The gender of patients was 8 males and 12 females in group I, and 5 males and 15 females in group II. The symptoms and signs of group I and II were similar. The duration of follow-up was average 3.6 years (1.1-16 years) in group I and average 2.3 years (1.1-6 years) in group II. The anterior slippage of group I by Taillard method was 16.1% and was corrected into 10.4% after opera-up was average 3.6 years (1.1-16 years) in group I and average 2.3 years (1.1-6 years) in group II. The anterior slippage of group I by Taillard method was 16.1% and was corrected into 10.4% after operation. That of group II was 15.2% and corrected into 9.8% after operation. The fusion rate at 12 months after operation was 90% in group I and 95% in group II. The clinical results were analysed by Kim's criteria that was focused on the improvement of clinical symptoms. The satisfactory results were obtainted in 85 % of group I and 90 % of group II. So there was no significant difference of clinical results between the anterior interbody fusion and the posterolateral fusion with transpedicular fixation for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults (p<0.05).
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Child ; Decompression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Spondylolisthesis

Growth factors influencing the function of chondrocytes are insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I), basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1), and epidermal growth factor(EGF). To find out the role of four kinds of growth factors in the biosynthesis of type I and II collagen represented as the phenotype of the disc cells, we cultured the disc cells isolated from rabbit intervertebral discs primarily and then checked cell proliferation, the expression of type I and II procollagen mRNA, and the immunohistochemical stains with type I and II collagen antibodies during in vitro culture in the maintenance medium containing low serum concentration with adding four kinds of growth factors. The results are as follows. FBS(10% Fetal bovine serum) group showed the highest cell proliferation potential. EGF and TGF groups showed remarkable cell proliferation, but there was no significant difference in IGF and FGF groups comparing to control group. A partial clone that encodes the rabbit type II procollagen C-propeptide region(RbCo12A1) was successfully isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using total RNA extracted from articular chondrocytes of rabbits. The identity of the cDNA clone was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products. A comparison of human al(II) cDNA sequence showed high sequence homology(83.6%). Type I procollagen mRNA expressed highly in EGF group. FGF, IGF, and TGF groups showed no significant expression comparing to control group. FBS group showed lower expression than control group. Type II procollagen expression was increased with passage of time, so at Day 10 it was the highest in all groups. Control group showed the highest expression among 6 experimental groups. The expression of type II procollagen in FGF and TGF groups was slightly lower than that of control. EGF and IGF groups showed markedly decreased expression comparing to control group. That in FBS group was the lowest, so it was three times lower than control group. In immunohistochemical stains with type I collagen, there was no difference among control, FBS, and EGF groups. FGF, IGF, and TGF groups showed increased positivity on stain comparing to control group, but the positivity didnt exceed 10%. For type II collagen, EGF and FGF groups showed decreased positivity, but there was no significant difference in FBS, IGF, and TGF groups comparing to control group. On the basis of this study, it may be concluded that TGF-pl showed the possibility of regeneration or delay the degeneration process of the intervertebral disc through the contribution to the stimulatory effects of cell proliferation and the synthesis of type II collagen. For the clinical use of this, more studies about the combination effects with FBS or other kinds of growth factors and finding out the ideal concentration about TGF-pl will be needed.
Antibodies ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured* ; Chondrocytes ; Clone Cells ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type II ; Collagen* ; Coloring Agents ; DNA, Complementary ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Procollagen ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Retrospective clinicopathologic analysis of 15 patients with the phyllodes tumors(PT) of the breast, diagnosed at SNUH over 6 years period, was done. By light microscopy, 8 cases were diagnosed as benign, and 7 cases were diagnosed as malignant. Mean ages o the patients were 37 and 34 years in malignant and benign, respectively. Most of those cases were presented with a palpable mass of the breast. None of the patients with malignant PT had distant metastasis, Local recurrences were experienced in 3 patients among the malignant PT, and one patient among the benign PT. One of 7 malignant PT was coexisted with simultaneous ipsilateral infiltrating duct carcinoma. The clinical course was not well correlated with pathologic features. The prognostic significances of several histopathologic parameters were assessed for possible correlation with local recurrence, metastasis and death; stromal cellularity, stromal cellular atypism, mitotic activity, tumor contour, necrosis, tumor size and heterologous stromal elements. Immunohistochemistry using antibody to vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGF-R) were analysed. In the 5 cases of benign PT, the stromal cells stained diffusely positive for vimentin and 3 cases of malignant tumors show similar staining for vimentin. The percentage of PCNA-positive cells were higher in the malignant PT than in the benign ones; they were 3.5% to 60% in malignancy, while they were less than 60% in all benign PT. The results of EGF-R staining were correlated with the histologic classification; only 2 cases out of 8 benign PT show diffusely positive staining of EGF-R in the cytoplasm, but 6 cases out of 7 malignant PT show positive findings.
Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury*

Some of the techniques for bone grafting for delayed union or nonunion of the long bone are used currently. In 1991, at arthroscopy workshop in Phoenix, Arizona, Lanny L. Johnson, M.D. reported a case of endoscopic bone grafting for the delayed union on the humerus. He suggested the possibilities of endoscopic bone grafting such as minimal incision, magnified visualization, accurate debridement, accurate graft placement, vascular preservation, outpatient surgery and reduced cost. The author performed endoscopic bone grafting and extra-articular adhesionlysis on the delayed union of femur with extra-articular ankylosis. The patient was a 28 year old housewife with blood type Rh(-). The duration after initial operation was more than 9 months. The result of the graft was satisfactory. In the future endoscopic bone grafting could be performed for nonunion, delayed union and congenital bone defect.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Ankylosis ; Arizona ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Transplantation ; Debridement ; Education ; Femur ; Humans ; Humerus ; Transplants

Pathological laughing and crying(PLC) is a condition that is characterized by episodic, brief, contextually inappropriate, uncontrollable outbursts of laughing and/or crying. It can be observed in patients with various neurological disorders. PLC often causes distress in interpersonal functioning and activities for patients and their families. PLC can be recognized easily with proper understanding of the condition and its nature. Also it generally shows good response to various pharmacological treatments. This review aims to encourage the diagnosis and treatment of PLC by providing definition and clinical presentation of PLC, analysis of its pathophysiology and various current treatment options.
Crying* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases