1.In Vitro Response of Uterine Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines to the Antiestrogen Tamoxifen.
Soon Gone LEE ; Sun Hee NAM ; Kwon Hae LEE
Korean Journal of Gynecologic Oncology and Colposcopy 1996;7(2):110-126
Medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA) is one of the most commonly used hormonal agents for the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma. However, the progesterone receptor content of endometrial carcinoma varies directly to the degree of differentiation and inversely with stage of the tumor. Thus one would predict that MPA therapy would be less effective in advanced and poorly differentiated tumors. In addition, MPA has been shown to reduce progesterone receptor content of both normal and malignant endometrial cells, which could result in loss of hormone responsiveness. Tamoxifen, which is often used in breast cancer therapy, has also been used in the treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Tamoxifen is known to have some estrogenic effects at low concentration and one of these effects is induction of progesterone receptor both in normal and malignant endometrium. This property has focused interest on sequential or simultaneous use of tamoxifen and MPA in the therapy of endometrial carcinoma. The growth inhibitory effects of MPA and tamoxifen were tested on six longestablished endometrial carinoma cell line(HEC-1-A, HEC-1-B, RL 95-2, AN3CA, KLE) and on SCHE-1, a new endometrial carcinoma cell line established in our laboratory. MPA and tamoxifen were used in growth experiments either alone, simultaneously or sequentially. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used as a control. Only 20% reduction in cell number was achieved after 10 days of exposure to the drug, even with the highest MPA concentration tested(10micronm) in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. But in MCF-7 cells, 60% reduction in cell number was achieved with the same concentration of MPA(10um). Ten days of feeding with 5micronm tamoxifen produced a 96% reduction in cell number in MCF-7, a 91% reduction in HEC-1-A, a 88% reduction in HEC-1-B, a 98% reduction in AN3CA and a 71% reduction in KLE cultures. In SCHE-1 cultures a 83% reduction in cell growth was seen and no viable cells remainde in RL 95-2 cultures after 10 days of feeding with a 5uM tamoxifen. In AN3CA cultures, simultaneous exposure to 5um tamoxifen and 5um MPA resulted in partial reversal of the tamoxifen-induced growth inhibition. In RL 95-2, HEC-1-A and HEC-1-B cultures, simultaneous use of these drugs had the same effect as tamoxifen alone, whereas in KLE and SCHE-1 cultures a slight additive growth effect was observed. All six endometrial carcinoma cell lines resumed logarithmic growth when medium containing tamoxifen of logarithmic growth under these conditions was slower than that in the other endometrial carcinoma cultures. Our results show that MPA does not have growth inhibitory effects in these endometrial carcinoma cell cultures, whereas tamoxifen has been shown to have potent endometrial carcinoma cells. These findings are of special importance since patients who are most likely to need adjuvant therapy for advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma are those with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative tumors.
Adenocarcinoma
;
Breast Neoplasms
;
Cell Count
;
Cell Culture Techniques
;
Cell Line*
;
Endometrial Neoplasms*
;
Endometrium
;
Estrogen Receptor Modulators*
;
Estrogens
;
Female
;
Humans
;
MCF-7 Cells
;
Medroxyprogesterone
;
Receptors, Progesterone
;
Tamoxifen*
2.Clinical study for prognostic factors in colorectal cancer.
Chul Kyoo LEE ; Nam Sun PAIK ; Dong Wook CHOI
Journal of the Korean Cancer Association 1991;23(3):619-629
No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*
3.Inhibition of anticancer chemotherapy-induced stomatitis by oral cryotherapy.
Jung Ran BYUN ; Ji Sun KIM ; Soon Nam LEE
Journal of the Korean Cancer Association 1993;25(5):760-766
No abstract available.
Cryotherapy*
;
Stomatitis*
5.Clinical analysis of 123 cases of total gastrectomy in the treatment of stomach cancer.
Chang Young KWON ; Nam Sun PAIK ; Jong Inn LEE
Journal of the Korean Cancer Association 1992;24(2):293-305
No abstract available.
Gastrectomy*
;
Stomach Neoplasms*
;
Stomach*
6.Effects of Exposure-Confounder Misclassification and Criteria of Model Choice in Ecologic Studies.
Sun Hee LEE ; Chung Mo NAM ; Hung Wok PARK
Korean Journal of Epidemiology 1996;18(2):142-150
Ecologic studies are widely used in all fields of public health on account of accesibility of data. However, two problems related to these studies have been brought up. The first is ecological fallacy occurred in the course of interpreting the ecologic level of exposure-disease associations into individual level. The second is exposure isclassification which leads to serious bias. Nevertheless there is few methodologic study dealing joint effects of the two problems in ecologic study. This study was conducted to suggest an ecologic model not having an ecologic fallacy due to model linkage failure and a methodology for correcting the misclassification bias due to exposure-confounder misclassification. Finally, we suggest a criteria for the ecologic model selection. Main results are as follows: 1. A linear ecologic regression model has a serious ecological fallacy due to model linkage failure and the misclassification bias due to the exposure-confounder misclassification. 2. An interaction ecologic regression model has no ecological fallacy due to model linkage failure, but it is affected seriously by the exposure misclassification. However misclassification bias could be removed mathematically if the information related to the misclassification was known. 3. A log-linear ecologic regression model has an ecological fallacy due to model linkage failure. It is seriously biased as the individual risk ratio are increased, but relatively less affected by the exposure misclassification than interaction ecologic regression model. 4. One of the two ecologic regression model-interaction ecologic regression model and log-linear ecologic regression model- would be selected according to the information of individual risk ratio and exposure misclassification. But using a linear ecologic regression model should be avoided in any circumstance. The above results are only valid in case that there is no other source of ecological fallacy except model linkage failure. Also exposure and confounder are independent each other, measured binary, and having nondifferential misclassification. Since the above assumptions are somewhat strong in considering the real situations of ecologic studies, it is necessary to extend the scope of this study.
Bias (Epidemiology)
;
Joints
;
Odds Ratio
;
Public Health
7.A study on voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy.
Youn Woo NAM ; Jong Ouck CHOI ; Kwang Sun LEE
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1991;34(2):316-323
No abstract available.
Laryngectomy*
;
Rehabilitation*
;
Voice*
8.Nursing Core Competencies Needed in the Fields of Nursing Practice for Graduates in Nursing.
Sun Kyoung LEE ; Sun Nam PARK ; Seok Hee JEONG
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2012;18(4):460-473
PURPOSE: This study was done to provide information on issues of nursing core competencies needed in the fields of nursing practice for graduates in nursing, from the perspective of nursing managers, and to make suggestion for improving nursing education programs. METHODS: Ten nursing managers participated in this study. They were in charge of clinical nursing education in the fields of nursing practice. Data were collected using focus group interviews and analyzed with the content analysis methodology of Downe - Wamboldt's. RESULTS: Six types of nursing core competency - therapeutic nursing competency, professional nursing competency, administrative nursing competency, humanistic nursing competency, relational nursing competency, and personal nursing competency - were identified as nursing core competencies needed in the fields of nursing practice for graduates in nursing. CONCLUSION: Results of the study show important evidence for decision-making about nursing curriculum revision based on nursing core competency, both in the classroom and in nursing practice areas. These results should contribute to the development of evaluation indicators for nursing students or new nurses. Further research is required to measure degree of nursing core competency in graduates of nursing and to identify the effect of competency-based education for improving nursing core competency.
Competency-Based Education
;
Curriculum
;
Education, Nursing
;
Fees and Charges
;
Focus Groups
;
Humans
;
Professional Competence
;
Students, Nursing
9.Factors Influencing Basic Nursing Skill Competency in Nursing Students.
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing 2008;15(1):6-13
PURPOSE: This research was conducted to identify major factors that influence competency for nursing students in basic nursing skills. METHOD: Data were collected by questionnaires from 290 first year students in one college of nursing. The instrument tools included motivation for admission to nursing, concern about fundamentals of nursing, perceived importance of fundamentals of nursing, level of active participation in fundamentals of nursing, number of times to use open Lab, Lab class satisfaction, self-efficacy, self-evaluation and student attitude. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between competency in basic nursing skills and motivation for admission to nursing, concern about fundamentals of nursing, perceived importance of fundamentals of nursing, or number of times to use open Lab. Competency in basic nursing skill in these students showed a significantly positive correlation to Lab class satisfaction, self-efficacy, self-evaluation, student attitude and level of active participation in fundamentals of nursing. The major factors that influenced competency in basic nursing skills for nursing students were student attitude, self-efficacy and number of times to use open Lab. These factors explained 15.5% of the variance in competency. CONCLUSION: Basic nursing skill practice education programs should be developed to improve self-efficacy and active participation.
Diagnostic Self Evaluation
;
Humans
;
Motivation
;
Pyridines
;
Questionnaires
;
Students, Nursing
;
Thiazoles
10.MR imaging of spondylolisthesis.
Eui Jong KIM ; Kyung Nam RYU ; Sang Un LEE ; Woo Suk COI ; Sun Wha LEE
Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 1993;29(4):826-832
We evaluated MR imaging of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis in 14, 9 and 20 patients respectively. Sagittal and axial spin echo and gradient echo images were obtained with 25-30cm FOV and 5mm/0.5mm thickness/gap by using spine surface coil. Sagittal images showed defects of pars interarticularis just inside of the pedicles of spines in all the cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis with relatively variable signal intensity. Displaced vertebrae were commonly observed at L5 (8/14) in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, at L4 (5/9) in degenerative spondylolisthesis and at variable locations in retrolisthesis. The mean length of displacement of vertebrae in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis was about 7mm and less displacement was onserved in degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis. Seven, four and six cases of pseudobulging of disk at displaced level were observed in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis respectively. Seven, five and 14 cases of true disk lesions were onserved in cases of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, degenertive spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis respectively. Grade II neural foraminal stenoses (obliteration of one half epidural fat of neural foramen) were commonly (8/14) seen in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, however the other two types showed less severe neural foraminal stenosis. In conclusion, MR imaging is a highly accurate method for the diagnosis and evaluation of spondylolisthesis and associated lesions of spine and disks.
Constriction, Pathologic
;
Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
;
Methods
;
Spine
;
Spondylolisthesis*