PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the effects of cyclic parenteral nutrition(CP) on parenteral nutrition induced liver diseases. METHODS: Before and after CP, data were collected on diagnosis, age, duration of parenteral nutrition, macronutrients and biochemical parameters. Initially parenteral nutrition was cycled off for 1-2 hours and the off-time was advanced by 0.5-1 hour daily over 1 week. Blood and urine glucose were monitored during procedure. RESULTS: Data on 6 sets of CP in 4 patients, among whom 2 patients had undertaken CP 2 times, respectively, were analyzed. The mean age was approximately 4 months, ranging from 2 to 11 months. Underlying diseases were as follows : 2 cases of microvillous inclusion disease, 1 case of protracted diarrhea of infancy and 1 case of feeding intolerance. The mean duration of parenteral nutrition before CP were 38.6 days, and that of CP was 41.6 days. During CP, the mean total caloric intake of each patient was 107kcal/kg/day, and the mean weight gain was 6.0g/kg/day. After CP, the biochemical parameters changed as follows : bilirubin was decreased in 4 cases, not changed in 1 case but increased in 1 case who had sepsis during CP period; the level of ALT was decreased in 2 cases but increased in 2 cases and not changed in 2 cases. Overall, CP was tolerated well although 3 cases had hypoglycemia(serum glucose concentration less than 40mg/dL) at the initial CP period. CONCLUSION: CP has potential beneficial metabolic effects on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis with minimal complications.
Bilirubin ; Cholestasis* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Energy Intake ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant* ; Liver Diseases ; Parenteral Nutrition* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total* ; Sepsis ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the effects of cyclic parenteral nutrition(CP) on parenteral nutrition induced liver diseases. METHODS: Before and after CP, data were collected on diagnosis, age, duration of parenteral nutrition, macronutrients and biochemical parameters. Initially parenteral nutrition was cycled off for 1-2 hours and the off-time was advanced by 0.5-1 hour daily over 1 week. Blood and urine glucose were monitored during procedure. RESULTS: Data on 6 sets of CP in 4 patients, among whom 2 patients had undertaken CP 2 times, respectively, were analyzed. The mean age was approximately 4 months, ranging from 2 to 11 months. Underlying diseases were as follows : 2 cases of microvillous inclusion disease, 1 case of protracted diarrhea of infancy and 1 case of feeding intolerance. The mean duration of parenteral nutrition before CP were 38.6 days, and that of CP was 41.6 days. During CP, the mean total caloric intake of each patient was 107kcal/kg/day, and the mean weight gain was 6.0g/kg/day. After CP, the biochemical parameters changed as follows : bilirubin was decreased in 4 cases, not changed in 1 case but increased in 1 case who had sepsis during CP period; the level of ALT was decreased in 2 cases but increased in 2 cases and not changed in 2 cases. Overall, CP was tolerated well although 3 cases had hypoglycemia(serum glucose concentration less than 40mg/dL) at the initial CP period. CONCLUSION: CP has potential beneficial metabolic effects on total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis with minimal complications.
Bilirubin ; Cholestasis* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Energy Intake ; Glucose ; Humans ; Infant* ; Liver Diseases ; Parenteral Nutrition* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total* ; Sepsis ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the clinical manifestations of FTT in children. METHODS: From March 1997 to July 1999, clinical observations were made on patients with FTT who had visited to Samsung Medical Center. Detailed histories and through physical examinations were taken, and when suspected organic FTT, basic laboratory studies were done. RESULTS: Upon the review of medical records, we investigated the clinical manifestations of 74 children, aged 1 month and 13 year 1 month. The causes of FTT were composed of either physiologic (47.8%) or pathologic (52.2%) ones. Among the physiologic FTT, were there familial short stature (FSS, 14.5%), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR, 14.5%), constitutional growth delay (CGD, 11.6%), idiosyncrasy and prematurity. Among pathologic causes, neurologic disorders (20%) are the most common causes of FTT, and then follow by GI (13.4%), allergic and infectious disorders in decreasing order. The data showed that average caloric intake in patients with FTT was 76.2% of recommended amount. FTT patients with CGD, IUGR, and idiosyncrasy had tendency to take small foods. The FTT children with prematurity, IUGR and pathologic FTT, were short and thin for their ages. However FTT children with CGD and FSS had tendency to be thin with relatively normal heights for their ages, in comparison with those of the children with prematurity, IUGR and pathologic FTT. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of FTT was easily obtained with simple and through medical history, physical examination, and minimal laboratory tests. In this study, organic FTT was more prevalent than physiologic one. This results indicate that early intervention is mandatory, because children may develop significant long-term sequelae from nutritional deficiency.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Energy Intake ; Failure to Thrive* ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Medical Records ; Nervous System Diseases ; Physical Examination

PURPOSE: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is known to decrease hepatic injury by promoting the biliary secretion of retained toxic endogenous bile acids in hepatobiliary diseases complicated by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, most studies have focused on treatment for complications after TPN. We investigated the preventive role of early administration of UDCA in TPN-induced hepatobiliary complications by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Between May 2000 and May 2002, thirteen patients, who were given TPN more than 10 days in the hospital, were assigned randomly to two groups. One was the case group (7 patients) who were given UDCA simultaneously with TPN regimen, and the other, the control group (6 patients) who were given placebo. Their age ranged from 1 day to 13 years. They were affected with diseases impossible for enteral nutrition, such as prematurity, cerebral palsy, chronic diarrhea, anorexia nervosa, pancreatitis, and cyclic vomiting. The duration of TPN ranged from 10 to 70 days. Hematologic parameters including liver function test were measured at regular intervals, and the duration, composition, administration rate, total calorie of TPN were recorded. The serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase were compared between groups after cessation of the study. RESULTS: The autoregressive coefficient of the control group was 0.4419 (p=0.0651) in bilirubin, -0.0431 (p=0.7923) in AST, 0.2398 (p=0.2416) in ALT, and 0.2459 (p=0.1922) in alkaline phosphatase by mixed procedure model when the parameters were referred to the case group. CONCLUSION: The serum level of total bilirubin did not increase in comparison with that of the control group, but statistically insignificant, when both TPN and UDCA were administered simultaneously from the beginning.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Bilirubin ; Cerebral Palsy ; Diarrhea ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Pancreatitis ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid* ; Vomiting